J/ApJS/275/36ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/275/36CDSFujimoto S.Kohno K.Ouchi M.Oguri M.Kokorev V.Brammer G.Sun F.,Gonzalez-Lopez J.Bauer F.E.Caminha G.B.Hatsukade B.Richard J.,Smail I.Tsujita A.Ueda Y.Uematsu R.Zitrin A.Coe D.Kneib J.-P.,Postman M.Umetsu K.del P. Lagos C.Popping G.Ao Y.Bradley L.,Caputi K.Dessauges-Zavadsky M.Egami E.Espada D.Ivison R.J.,Jauzac M.Knudsen K.K.Koekemoer A.M.Magdis G.E.Mahler G.,Munoz Arancibia A.M.Rawle T.Shimasaku K.Toft S.Umehata H.,Valentino F.Wang T.Wang W.-H.2025-07-17T14:54:31Z2025-04-14T09:31:55ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxy-clustersmillimeter-astronomysubmillimeter-astronomysurveysredshiftedinfrared-sourcesinterferometrygravitational-lensingWe present a statistical study of 180 dust continuum sources identified in 33 massive cluster fields by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array Lensing Cluster Survey (ALCS) over a total of 133arcmin^2^ area, homogeneously observed at 1.2mm. ALCS enables us to detect extremely faint millimeter sources by lensing magnification, including near-infrared (NIR) dark objects showing no counterparts in existing Hubble Space Telescope and Spitzer images. The dust continuum sources belong to a blind sample (N=141) with signal-to-noise ratio (S/N)>~5.0 (a purity of >0.99) or a secondary sample (N=39) with S/N=4.0-5.0 screened by priors. With the blind sample, we securely derive 1.2mm number counts down to ~7{mu}Jy, and find that the total integrated 1.2mm flux is 20.7_-6.5_^+8.5^Jy/deg^2^, resolving ~80% of the cosmic infrared background light. The resolved fraction varies by a factor of 0.6-1.1 due to the completeness correction depending on the spatial size of the millimeter emission. We also derive infrared (IR) luminosity functions (LFs) at z=0.6-7.5 with the 1/Vmax method, finding the redshift evolution of IR LFs characterized by positive luminosity and negative density evolution. The total (=UV+IR) cosmic star formation rate density (SFRD) at z>4 is estimated to be 161_-21_^+25^% of the Madau and Dickinson measurements mostly based on rest-frame UV surveys. Although our general understanding of the cosmic SFRD is unlikely to change beyond a factor of 2, these results add to the weight of evidence for an additional (~60%) SFRD component contributed by the faint millimeter population, including NIR-dark objects.2024ApJS..275...36Fhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/275/36CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/MNRAS/395/1213 : Galaxies in the field of MACS J1206.2-0847 (Ebeling+, 2009)J/MNRAS/404/325 : Massive galaxy clusters lensing analyse (Richard+, 2010)J/MNRAS/411/102 : AzTEC/ASTE 1.1mm observations in the ADF-S (Hatsukade+ 2011)J/ApJS/199/25 : CLASH sources for MACS1149.6+2223 (Postman+, 2012)J/ApJS/202/2 : VLA 1.4GHz observations of A370 and A2390 (Wold+, 2012)J/ApJ/762/L30 : CLASH: MCS J0416.1-2403 lensing analysis (Zitrin+, 2013)J/ApJ/793/115 : UV-continuum slopes beta for z~4-8 galaxies (Bouwens+, 2014)J/MNRAS/444/268 : HST Frontier Fields clusters (Richard+, 2014)J/ApJ/806/110 : ALESS survey: SMGs in the ECDF-S data (da Cunha+, 2015)J/MNRAS/452/1437 : Abell 2744 strong-lensing analysis (Jauzac+, 2015)J/ApJ/812/114 : Grism Lens-Amplified Survey from Space. I. (Treu+, 2015)J/ApJ/811/29 : GLASS. IV. Lensing cluster Abell 2744 (Wang+, 2015)J/ApJ/801/44 : HST lensing analysis of the CLASH sample (Zitrin+, 2015)J/ApJS/222/1 : Faint ALMA 1.2mm sources down to ~0.02mJy (Fujimoto+, 2016)J/ApJ/819/114 : Strong lensing masses of 4 HFF clusters (Kawamata+, 2016)J/A+A/600/A90 : MACS J0416.1-2403 redshift catalogue (Caminha+, 2017)J/ApJ/850/83 : DANCING-ALMA. I. submm/mm cont. sources (Fujimoto+, 2017)J/A+A/597/A41 : ALMA Frontier Fields Survey. I. (Gonzalez-Lopez+, 2017)J/MNRAS/464/3369 : SCUBA-2 EGS deep field (Zavala+, 2017)J/ApJ/855/4 : Lyman break galaxies at z~6-9 from HFF (Kawamata+, 2018)J/A+A/609/A130 : [CII] luminosities of gal. in G.A.S.+Cloudy (Lagache+, 2018)J/ApJ/853/172 : "Super-deblended" dust emission in galaxies. I. (Liu+, 2018)J/ApJS/235/14 : HFF-DeepSpace phot. cat. of 12 HFF fields (Shipley+, 2018)J/A+A/632/A36 : Strong lensing models of 8 CLASH clusters (Caminha+, 2019)J/ApJ/884/85 : RELICS: Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey (Coe+, 2019)J/MNRAS/485/3738 : 3D structure in the A370 MUSE Mosaic (Lagattuta+, 2019)J/A+A/643/A2 : ALPINE DR1 merged catalog (Bethermin+, 2020)J/MNRAS/494/3828 : ALMA survey of SCUBA-2 CLS UDS field (Dudzeviciute+, 2020)J/A+A/635/A98 : Redshift catalogs of the Abell 2163 core (Rescigno+, 2020)J/MNRAS/495/3409 : SCUBA-2-COSMOS field brightest smm sources (Simpson+, 2020)J/ApJ/901/74 : ALMA obs. of UDS & GOODS-S massive galaxies (Tadaki+, 2020)J/ApJ/923/215 : MORA: ALMA 2mm survey (Casey+, 2021)J/MNRAS/508/1206 : Galaxy clusters redshifts with VLT/MUSE (Jauzac+, 2021)J/ApJ/921/40 : FIR of SFGs in GOODS-N & COSMOS fields (Kokorev+, 2021)J/A+A/646/A83 : 12 massive lensing clusters MUSE obs. (Richard+, 2021)J/MNRAS/515/3126 : REBELS. Dust Continuum Detections at z>6.5 (Inami+, 2022)J/A+A/685/A1 : A3COSMOS & A3GOODSS Data Version 20220606 (Adscheid+, 2024)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/275/36https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/275/36http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/275/36https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/275/36https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/275/36http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/275/36GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJS/275/36/table1 (ALCS data properties for 33 lensing clusters)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/275/36/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/275/36/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/275/36/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true39.960417-1.5855560.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJS/275/36/table12 (ALCS continuum source catalog)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/275/36/table12?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/275/36/table12?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/275/36/table12?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true15.7477863-49.29040010.0055555555555555566/97 4406-4407 8921 16486 16787 17457 17499 17741 17810 18746 19009 19097 19858 20536 20735 22661 22771 23173 25451 25675 26177 27075 28322 28448 30946 33692 34726 34793 35041 35043 36082 36846 37395 46474 48076 49012https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJS/275/36?format=asciiInfraredMillimeterdefaultJ/ApJS/275/36/table1ALCS data properties for 33 lensing clustersrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintProgHST treasury program identifier (1)meta.id;meta.datasetcharClusterCluster identifier (as in Sun+ 2022, J/ApJ/932/77)meta.id;meta.maincharprimaryArea[1/9.3] Sky area observed in ALCS within the relative sensitivity above 30% to the deepest part of the mosaicarcmin**2phys.angAreafloatBeamFWHM of the synthesized beam in the natural-weighted maparcsecphys.angSize;instr.beamcharsig2[643/1706] Data depth for the cube with the central sky frequency at 263.2GHz; {sigma}(cube,tune2)uJy/beamstat.stdevintsigcont[40/92] Data depth evaluated by the standard deviation of the pixel with the CASA task IMSTAT with the by weight algorithm; {sigma}(cont)uJy/beamstat.stdevintsig1[673/1397] Data depth for the 60km/s width cube obtained in the frequency setup with the central sky frequency at 259.4GHz; {sigma}(cube,tune1)uJy/beamstat.stdevintN[1/20] Number of continuum sources identifiedmeta.numberintS22Display the ALCS cluster 1.15mm data from Sun+ 2022, J/ApJ/932/77meta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableNEDnameNED column added by the CDSmeta.idcharJ/ApJS/275/36/table12ALCS continuum source catalogClusterCluster identifier as in Table 1meta.id.parentchare_Stap[0.06/0.4] Stap uncertaintymJy/beamstat.error;phot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzfloatSap[-0.15/9.5] Source flux density at 1.2mm measured by a 2.0" radius aperture in the natural-weighted mapmJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzfloate_Sap[0.06/0.4] Sap uncertaintymJystat.error;phot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzfloatSimf[0.16/9]? Source flux density at 1.2mm measured by 2D elliptical Gaussian fitting with CASA IMFITmJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSetCatalog set (G1)meta.id;meta.datasetcharIDContinuum source identifier within Cluster (CNNN)meta.id.part;meta.maincharPDisplay the physical properties for this source (link to Table 13)meta.ref.urlintnullableRAJ2000[3.5/348] Right ascension (J2000) (1)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[-74/24.5] Declination (J2000) (1)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainS/N[4/92] Signal-to-noise ratio of the peak pixel in the natural-weighted map before primary beam correctionstat.snrfloate_S/N[2/78.4] S/N uncertaintystat.error;stat.snrfloatPBeam[0.3/1] Primary beam sensitivity in the mosaic mapinstr.sensitivityfloatSnat[0.2/7] Source flux density at 1.2mm measured by the peak pixel count in the natural-weighted mapmJy/beamphot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzfloate_Snat[0.04/0.3] Snat uncertaintymJy/beamstat.error;phot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzfloatStap[0.18/8.3] Source flux density at 1.2mm measured by the peak pixel count in the uv-tapered (2"x2") mapmJy/beamphot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzfloate_Simf[0.05/0.6]? Simf uncertaintymJystat.error;phot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzfloatnullableFlag[-2/2]? Flag of the IMFIT output (2)meta.code.errorintnullableS22Display the ALCS cluster 1.15mm data from Sun+ 2022, J/ApJ/932/77meta.ref.urlcharJ/ApJS/275/36/table13*Physical properties of ALCS continuum sourcesClusterCluster identifier as in Table 1meta.id.parentcharSetCatalog set (G1)meta.id;meta.datasetcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDContinuum source identifier within Cluster (CNNN)meta.id.part;meta.maincharzspec[0.18/6.1]? Spectroscopic redshift; see Section 3.5src.redshiftfloatnullablel_zphot[>(] Limit flag on zphotmeta.code.error;src.redshift.photcharzphot[0.1/9.62]? Photometric redshift; see Section 3.5src.redshift.photfloatnullablee_zphot[0/3.4]? Lower uncertainty on zphotstat.error;stat.min;src.redshift.photfloatnullableE_zphot[0/2.8]? Upper uncertainty on zphotstat.error;stat.max;src.redshift.photfloatnullableSobs[0.18/7.8] Observed flux density (3)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzfloate_Sobs[0.05/0.4] Sobs uncertainty (3)mJystat.error;phot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzfloatLIR[10.3/13.7] Infrared luminosity estimated by our SED fitting; see Section 6.1solLumphys.luminosity;em.IRfloate_LIR[0/0.7] LIR uncertaintysolLumstat.error;phys.luminosity;em.IRfloatmu[0.2/69.8] Magnification factor based on our fiducial lens modelphot.flux;arith.ratio;meta.modelledfloate_mu[0/69]? Lower uncertainty on mu (4)stat.error;phot.flux;arith.ratiofloatnullableE_mu[0/79]? Upper uncertainty on mu (4)stat.error;phot.flux;arith.ratiofloatnullablef_z[1/5] Redshift category (5)meta.codeintRefReference (6)meta.bibcharNoteNotemeta.notechar