Metal-poor stars in the MW from SMSS & SAGES J/ApJS/273/12 ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/273/12 doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.22730012 CDS Hong J. Beers T.C. Lee Y.S. Huang Y. Hirai Y. Cabrera Garcia J.,Shank D. Xu S. Yuan H. Mardini M.K. Catapano T. Zhao G. Fan Z.,Zheng J. Wang W. Tan K. Zhao J. Li C. 2025-02-27T20:14:43Z 2025-01-13T10:10:50Z CDS support team CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France cds-question@unistra.fr milky-way-galaxy chemically-peculiar-stars surveys radial-velocity metallicity stellar-distance visible-astronomy Photometric stellar surveys now cover a large fraction of the sky, probe to fainter magnitudes than large-scale spectroscopic surveys, and are relatively free from the target selection biases often associated with such studies. Photometric-metallicity estimates that include narrow/medium-band filters can achieve comparable accuracy and precision to existing low-resolution spectroscopic surveys such as Sloan Digital Sky Survey/SEGUE and LAMOST. Here we report on an effort to identify likely members of the Galactic disk system among the very metal-poor (VMP; [Fe/H]{<=}-2) and extremely metal-poor (EMP; [Fe/H]{<=}-3) stars. Our analysis is based on an initial sample of ~11.5 million stars with full space motions selected from the SkyMapper Southern Survey (SMSS) and Stellar Abundance and Galactic Evolution Survey (SAGES). After applying a number of quality cuts to obtain the best available metallicity and dynamical estimates, we analyze a total of ~5.86 million stars in the combined SMSS/SAGES sample. We employ two techniques that, depending on the method, identify between 876 and 1476 VMP stars (6.9%-11.7% of all VMP stars) and between 40 and 59 EMP stars (12.4%-18.3% of all EMP stars) that appear to be members of the Galactic disk system on highly prograde orbits (V_{phi}_>150km/s). The total number of candidate VMP/EMP disklike stars is 1496, the majority of which have low orbital eccentricities, ecc<=0.4; many have ecc<=0.2. The large fractions of VMP/EMP stars associated with the Milky Way disk system strongly suggest the presence of an early-forming "primordial" disk. 2024ApJS..273...12H https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/273/12 Catalog Research IsServedBy TAP VizieR generic service IsServedBy Conesearch service related-to III/204 : Stellar radial velocities bibliographic catalog (Malaroda+, 2000) III/213 : General Catalog of mean radial velocities (Barbier-Brossat+, 2000) III/279 : RAVE 5th data release (Kunder+, 2017) V/156 : LAMOST DR7 catalogs (Luo+, 2019) I/352 : Distances to 1.47 billion stars in Gaia EDR3 (Bailer-Jones+, 2021) III/286 : APOGEE-2 DR17 final allStar catalog (Abdurro'uf+, 2022) I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022) II/379 : SkyMapper Southern Sky Survey. DR4 (Onken+, 2024) J/AJ/90/2089 : Stars of very low metal abundance. I (Beers+, 1985) J/AJ/103/1987 : Stars of very low metal abundance (Beers+ 1992) J/AJ/137/4377 : List of SEGUE plate pairs (Yanny+, 2009) J/ApJ/794/58 : Metal-poor stars in the thick disk of the Gal (Beers+, 2014) J/ApJ/797/21 : Carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars (Placco+, 2014) J/MNRAS/454/2863 : Teff against colours calibrations (Huang+, 2015) J/ApJ/833/20 : Carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) star abund. (Yoon+, 2016) J/MNRAS/497/L7 : Gal. disc Pristine low-metallicity stars (Sestito+, 2020) J/MNRAS/492/3241 : The Pristine survey. IX. (Venn+, 2020) J/MNRAS/503/2539 : Galaxy halo Extremely Metal-Poor stars (Cordoni+, 2021) J/ApJ/913/11 : Sp. follow-up of bright metal-poor stars (Limberg+, 2021) J/ApJ/931/147 : Very metal-poor stars with LAMOST & Subaru. II. (Li+, 2022) J/ApJS/262/8 : Sp. of low-metallicity S-PLUS stars (Placco+, 2022) J/ApJS/259/60 : SEGUE-2 updated stellar parameter pipeline (Rockosi+, 2022) J/ApJS/261/19 : DTGs of metal-poor stars. II. RAVE DR6 (Shank+, 2022) J/A+A/674/A194 : Gal. giant stars photometric metallicity (Bellazzini+, 2023) J/A+A/674/A33 : Gaia synthetic phot. cat. of white dwarfs (Gaia Coll., 2023) J/A+A/683/L11 : Bright VPM stars from Gaia RVS spectra (Viswanathan+, 2024) https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.html https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/273/12 https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/273/12 http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/273/12 https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/273/12 https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/273/12 http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/273/12 GET text/xml+votable https://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tap Cone search capability for table J/ApJS/273/12/tablea1 (Candidate VMP/EMP stars in the combined SMSS/SAGES sample) https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/273/12/tablea1? https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/273/12/tablea1? http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/273/12/tablea1? GET text/xml+votable 180.0 50000 true 316.0281667 1.3293056 0.005555555555555556 Cone search capability for table J/ApJS/273/12/tablea2 (1496 VMP/EMP disk-like candidate stars in the combined SMSS/SAGES sample) https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/273/12/tablea2? https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/273/12/tablea2? http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/273/12/tablea2? GET text/xml+votable 180.0 50000 true 0.0377917 -59.0572222 0.005555555555555556 1/4 19 2/8 24-25 27 48-49 52 71 74-75 80 82 105 107 128 146 151-152 154 157 159 171-172 178-179 184-185 187-188 190-191 3/0 2-3 6-8 10-11 14-15 36-38 40-42 55 61 80 82 88 90 104-105 107 112 114 120 122 139 160 162 204-205 212-214 263 275 277-279 283 290 293-295 326 340-341 343 349 351-353 358 362-364 384-386 390 392-394 396 403 408 419 425-427 432 434 439-440 442-445 464-465 468-469 471 482-483 518-519 521 523-525 527-529 531-533 535 537-541 543 550 564-565 567 575-576 578-579 597-599 625 627 640-641 644-645 677-679 681-683 692 694-698 700-701 703-704 706-707 711 720 722 725 731 744-745 747 756 758-759 4/4 17 22 36 38-39 49-51 75 98 104-106 117 125 127 156-158 172-174 176-178 192 213 215 250-254 324 326 332 334 356 358 364 366 424-425 427 452-454 460 462 474 484 486-487 492 494 506 535 540 551 555 644 646 672 674 800-801 804-805 807 860-862 864-866 868-869 880 1022 1024 1045 1049 1051 1058-1060 1062 1064 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35308-35309 35311-35313 35315-35317 35319-35321 35323 35332 35349-35351 35353-35355 35361-35363 35367 35373-35375 35380-35381 35383-35385 35387-35390 35396-35398 35456-35458 35516-35518 35561-35565 35567 35573-35575 35580-35582 35589-35591 35612-35613 35616-35617 35619-35620 35622-35623 35628-35629 35631-35634 35636-35637 35639-35641 35643 35664-35666 35672-35674 35689-35691 35716-35717 35720 35722-35723 35729-35731 35736-35737 35739 35741-35743 35760 35762-35763 35780-35782 35784 35786-35787 35789-35791 35804-35806 35821-35823 35830-35831 35833-35834 35868-35869 35871 35900 35902-35903 35917-35921 35923 35944-35945 35947-35950 35960-35961 35963 35978-35979 35981-35983 35988-35990 35996 35998-36002 36004-36006 36020-36021 36023-36026 36032-36033 36035 36056 36058-36059 36064 36066-36067 36080-36081 36083-36084 36086-36087 36089-36091 36228-36230 36236 36238-36239 36244-36245 36247 36256 36258 36268 36270-36271 36276-36277 36279-36281 36283 36353-36354 36356 36358-36359 36364 36366-36367 36373 36375 36380-36381 36383 36412-36413 36424-36426 36429-36432 36434-36435 36441-36443 36461 36463 36468-36470 36484 36486-36487 36508-36510 36534-36535 36541-36543 36545 36547 36552 36554-36555 36564-36566 36572-36573 36575 36580-36581 36583 36592-36593 36595-36596 36598-36599 36608-36609 36611 36613-36615 36640-36641 36643-36646 36649-36651 36680-36682 36684 36686-36687 36696-36698 36700 36702-36703 36733-36735 36741-36742 36744-36746 36756 36759 36764 36766-36767 36769-36771 36777-36779 36784-36786 36952 36954 36958-36959 36977 36979 37148 37150 37176-37178 37264 37266 37272 37274 37764-37766 37772 37774 37792 37794-37796 37798 37804 37806 38005 38007 38099 38105-38107 38125 38127 38147 38153-38155 38469 38471 38499 38505 38507 38591 38593-38595 39168 39170 39182 39204 39206 39212 39336-39338 39716 39718 39724 39726 39856 39858 39864 39866-39867 39957 39959 39965 39967 39989 39991 39997 39999 40085 40087 40093 40095 40117 40119 40125 40544-40545 40547 40553 40555 40641 40676-40677 40679 40685 40687 41096-41098 41120 41122 41125 41127-41128 41130 41133 41135 41196-41198 41204-41206 41208 41368-41370 41372-41373 41376-41377 41424-41425 41428-41429 41492-41494 41496-41498 41508-41510 41512 41514 41915 41917-41919 41947 41949-41951 41955 41957-41959 42040-42041 42044-42045 42084-42086 42096-42097 42100 42252-42254 42264-42265 42268 42308-42309 42320-42321 42559 42602-42603 42606 42623 42630-42631 42724 42737 42739 42794-42796 42798-42799 42806-42807 42809-42811 42850-42851 42854-42855 42866-42867 42870-42871 42908 42910 42932 42934-42935 42944-42945 42951 42956-42957 42960-42961 42963-42966 42988 42990-42991 43002 43103 43117-43119 43122-43123 43163 43181-43183 43185-43187 43201-43203 43269-43271 43521-43523 44368-44370 44376 44378 44781-44783 44988-44989 44991 45148-45150 45316-45317 45319 45322-45323 45328-45329 45332-45333 45336 45338 45343 45356-45357 45359 45393 45395 45440 45442-45443 46164-46166 46176 46178-46179 46196-46197 46199 46205-46207 46272 46274-46275 46292-46294 46344-46345 46347 46352-46353 46355 46468 46470-46474 46488-46490 46499 46564-46565 46568 46571-46572 46575-46578 46589-46592 46594-46595 46668 46670-46672 46674-46675 46737-46739 46853-46855 46876-46877 46879 46901-46903 46917-46919 46933-46935 46948 46950-46952 46954-46955 46960-46962 46973-46975 47004 47006-47007 47053-47055 47096-47098 47784-47785 47787 48468-48470 https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJS/273/12?format=ascii Optical default J/ApJS/273/12/tablea1 Candidate VMP/EMP stars in the combined SMSS/SAGES sample recno Record number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification. meta.record int GaiaDR3 Gaia DR3 source ID (source_id) meta.id;meta.main primary indexed DkL Display the disk-like candidate star parameters (Table A2) meta.ref.url char RAJ2000 Hour of Right Ascension (J2000) (1) pos.eq.ra;meta.main indexed DEJ2000 Degree of Declination (J2000) (1) pos.eq.dec;meta.main Jr [-1/5138400] Cylindrical action in radius, AGAMA kpc.km.s**-1 arith.grad;phys.veloc double e_Jr [0/1590553] Uncertainty in Jr kpc.km.s**-1 stat.error;phys.veloc double Jphi [-761649/132643] Cylindrical action in rotation, AGAMA kpc.km.s**-1 arith.grad;phys.veloc double e_Jphi [0/203858] Uncertainty in Jphi kpc.km.s**-1 stat.error;arith.grad;phys.veloc double _RA.icrs Right ascension (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000, proper motions taken into account pos.eq.ra indexed _DE.icrs Declination (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000, proper motions taken into account pos.eq.dec indexed GmagC [4.5/20] Corrected Gaia DR3 G-band magnitude (G_C) (2) mag phot.mag;em.opt;arith.diff float e_GmagC [0.003/0.02] Uncertainty in GmagC (err_G_C) (2) mag stat.error;phot.mag;em.opt float B-R0 [0.56/1.8] Intrinsic Gaia DR3 BP-RP color (br0) (2) mag phot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.R float e_B-R0 [0.005/0.07] Uncertainty in BR0 (err_br0) (2) mag stat.error;phot.color;em.opt float E(B-V) [0.001/0.5] Optical color excess, Schlegel+ 1998ApJ...500..525S (ebv_sfd) (3) mag phot.color.excess float FeH-UB [-3.42/0.64]? Photometric-metallicity estimate based on u-Gaia BP (feh-ub) (2) phys.abund.Z;em.opt.U float nullable e_FeH-UB [0/1.4]? Uncertainty in FeH-UB (err_feh-ub) (2) stat.error;phys.abund.Z;em.opt.U float nullable FeH-VB [-3.51/0.63]? Photometric-metallicity estimate based on v-Gaia BP (feh-vb) (2) phys.abund.Z;em.opt.V float nullable e_FeH-VB [0.01/1.4]? Uncertainty in FeH-VB (err_feh-vb) (2) stat.error;phys.abund.Z;em.opt.V float nullable FeH-UVB [-3.52/0.64]? Photometric-metallicity estimate based on combination of colors (feh-uvb) (2) phys.abund.Z;phot.color;em.opt float nullable e_FeH-UVB [0/1.4]? Uncertainty in FeH (err_feh-uvb) (2) stat.error;phys.abund.Z;em.opt float nullable Teff [3830/6669] Effective temperature (2) K phys.temperature.effective int e_Teff [50/425] Uncertainty in Teff (err_Teff) (2) K stat.error;phys.temperature.effective int Dist [0.02/72] Distance (dist_adop) (2)(3) kpc pos.distance float e_Dist [0/29] Uncertainty in Dist (err_dist_adop) (2)(3) kpc stat.error;pos.distance float f_Dist Type of Distance estimate (dist_adop_flg) (2)(3) meta.code;pos.distance char RVel [-798/897] Radial Velocity (rv_adop) (2) km.s**-1 phys.veloc;pos.heliocentric float e_RVel [0/98] Uncertainty in RVel (err_rv_adop) (2) km.s**-1 stat.error;phys.veloc;pos.heliocentric float f_RVel Type or Source of RVel (rv_adop_flg) (2)(4) meta.code;phys.veloc;pos.heliocentric char plx [-1.1/43.1] Gaia DR3 parallax (parallax) mas pos.parallax.trig float e_plx [0.01/0.6] Gaia DR3 parallax uncertainty (parallax_error) mas stat.error;pos.parallax.trig float pmRA [-139/147.5] Gaia DR3 proper motion in RA mas.yr**-1 pos.pm;pos.eq.ra float e_pmRA [0/0.6] Uncertainty in pmRA (pmra_error) mas.yr**-1 stat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.ra float pmDE [-154.2/109] Gaia DR3 proper motion in DE (pmdec) mas.yr**-1 pos.pm;pos.eq.dec float e_pmDE [0/0.6] Uncertainty in pmDE (pmdec_error) mas.yr**-1 stat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.dec float pmRApmDEcor [-1/0.9] Correlation between proper motion in RA and DE stat.correlation float Type Type, D=Dwarf; G=Giant (2) meta.code.class char SubType SubType, TO=Turn-off stars; MS=main-sequence stars (2) meta.code.class char vPHI [-18780/3913] Rotational velocity, AGAMA km.s**-1 phys.veloc.rotat double e_vPHI [0/3074] Uncertainty in vPHI km.s**-1 stat.error;phys.veloc.rotat float E [-248428/179709105] Orbital energy, AGAMA km**2.s**-2 phys.energy double e_E [0/83216] Uncertainty in E km**2.s**-2 stat.error;phys.energy float Jz [-1/13854] Cylindrical action in height, AGAMA kpc.km.s**-1 arith.grad;phys.veloc float e_Jz [0/6887] Uncertainty in Jz kpc.km.s**-1 stat.error;phys.veloc float rperi [0/74.2] Galactic pericentric distance, AGAMA kpc pos.distance;pos.galactocentric float e_rperi [0/33] Uncertainty in rperi kpc stat.error;pos.distance;pos.galactocentric float rapo [1.5/189578] Galactic apocentric distance, AGAMA kpc pos.distance;pos.galactocentric double e_rapo [0/30729] Uncertainty in rapo kpc stat.error;pos.distance;pos.galactocentric float Zmax [0/59123] Maximum height above the Galactic plane, AGAMA kpc pos.cartesian.z;pos.galactic float e_Zmax [0/16450] Uncertainty in Zmax kpc stat.error;pos.cartesian.z;pos.galactic float relerr-Zmax [0/2780] Relative uncertainty of the maximum height above the Galactic plane stat.error float Rmax [0/187955] Projected Galactic apocentric distance, AGAMA (5) kpc pos.distance double relerr-Rmax [0/1]? Relative uncertainty of the projected Galactic apocentric distance stat.error float nullable inc [0/1.6] Inclination angle (6) rad src.orbital.inclination float ecc [0/1] Eccentricity, AGAMA src.orbital.eccentricity float Crit Criterion for halo, thick, or thin disk-like orbits (7) src.orbital char
J/ApJS/273/12/tablea2 1496 VMP/EMP disk-like candidate stars in the combined SMSS/SAGES sample ecc [0.005/1] Eccentricity, AGAMA src.orbital.eccentricity float Crit Criterion for halo, thick, or thin disk-like orbits (7) src.orbital char GaiaDR3 Gaia DR3 source ID (source_id) meta.id;meta.main recno Record number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification. meta.record int RAJ2000 Hour of Right Ascension (J2000) (1) pos.eq.ra;meta.main DEJ2000 Degree of Declination (J2000) (1) pos.eq.dec;meta.main GmagC [8.9/19] Corrected Gaia DR3 G-band magnitude (2) mag phot.mag;em.opt;arith.diff float B-R0 [0.57/1.62] Intrinsic Gaia DR3 BP-RP color (2) mag phot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.R float Type Type, D=Dwarf; G=Giant (2) meta.code.class char Dist [0.26/19.12] Distance (3) kpc pos.distance float FeH [-3.51/-2] Photometric-metallicity estimate (4) phys.abund.Z float e_FeH [0.01/0.5] Uncertainty in FeH (2)(4) stat.error;phys.abund.Z float vPHI [150/612] Rotational velocity, AGAMA km.s**-1 phys.veloc.rotat float Zmax [0.1/1181] Maximum height above the Galactic plane, AGAMA kpc pos.cartesian.z;pos.galactic float Rmax [1.3/3332] Projected Galactic apocentric distance, AGAMA (5) kpc pos.distance float inc [0.02/1.2] Inclination angle (6) rad src.orbital.inclination float