Infrared properties of carbon stars in our Galaxy J/ApJS/272/16 ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/272/16 doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.22720016 CDS Suh K.-W. 2025-02-13T20:13:52Z 2024-11-08T17:11:49Z CDS support team CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France cds-question@unistra.fr carbon-stars giant-stars variable-stars infrared-sources astronomical-object-identification stellar-distance visible-astronomy milky-way-galaxy We explore the characteristics of carbon stars within our Galaxy through a comprehensive analysis of observational data spanning visual and infrared (IR) bands. Leveraging data sets from IRAS, the Infrared Space Observatory, Akari, the Midcourse Space Experiment, the Two Micron All Sky Survey, the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), Gaia DR3, AAVSO, and the SIMBAD object database, we conduct a detailed comparison between the observational data and theoretical models. To facilitate this comparison, we introduce various IR two-color diagrams (2CDs), IR color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs), and spectral energy distributions (SEDs). We find that the CMDs, which utilize the latest distance and extinction data from Gaia DR3 for a substantial number of carbon stars, are very useful for distinguishing carbon-rich asymptotic giant branch (CAGB) stars from extrinsic carbon stars that are not in the AGB phase. To enhance the accuracy of our analysis, we employ theoretical radiative transfer models for dust shells around CAGB stars. These theoretical dust shell models demonstrate a commendable ability to approximate the observations of CAGB stars across various SEDs, 2CDs, and CMDs. We present the infrared properties of known pulsating variables and explore the infrared variability of the sample stars by analyzing WISE photometric data spanning the last 14 years. Additionally, we present a novel catalog of CAGB stars, offering enhanced reliability and a wealth of additional information. 2024ApJS..272...16S https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/272/16 Catalog Research IsServedBy TAP VizieR generic service IsServedBy Conesearch service related-to B/vsx : AAVSO International Variable Star Index VSX (Watson+, 2006-) V/81 : Taxonomy of Barium Stars (Lu 1991) III/227 : General Catalog of galactic Carbon stars, 3d Ed. (Alksnis+ 2001) I/311 : Hipparcos, the New Reduction (van Leeuwen, 2007) II/297 : AKARI/IRC mid-IR all-sky Survey (ISAS/JAXA, 2010) II/298 : AKARI/FIS All-Sky Survey Point Source Catalogues (ISAS/JAXA, 2010) II/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+ 2013) II/338 : IRAS PSC/FSC Combined Catalogue (Abrahamyan+ 2015) II/336 : AAVSO Photometric All Sky Survey (APASS) DR9 (Henden+, 2016) I/352 : Distances to 1.47 billion stars in Gaia EDR3 (Bailer-Jones+, 2021) I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022) I/358 : Gaia DR3 Part 4. Variability (Gaia Collaboration, 2022) J/A+A/227/82 : JHKLM photometry of 'IRAS-discovered' stars (Epchtein+, 1990) J/A+AS/101/513 : JHKLM photometry of C stars (Groenewegen+ 1993) J/ApJS/112/557 : Classification of IRAS Sources (Kwok+ 1997) J/A+AS/146/217 : Library of Spectra (0.5 to 2.5um) of Cool Stars (Lancon+ 2000) J/A+A/390/501 : Millimetre obs. of carbon stars. I. (Groenewegen+, 2002) J/PASP/117/199 : IRTS carbon stars (Le Bertre+, 2005) J/AJ/134/214 : Infrared study of J-type carbon stars (Chen+, 2007) J/AJ/143/36 : A catalog of Galactic infrared carbon stars (Chen+, 2012) J/ApJ/765/12 : Carbon stars & DQ white dwarfs from SDSS-DR7+DR8 (Green, 2013) J/ApJ/792/30 : NEOWISE magnitudes for near-Earth objects (Mainzer+, 2014) J/A+A/608/A100 : CMD and mass distribution of Ba stars (Escorza+, 2017) J/ApJS/234/31 : Carbon stars from LAMOST using machine learning (Li+, 2018) J/A+A/633/A135 : Solar neighbourhood carbon stars properties (Abia+, 2020) J/ApJS/256/43 : O-rich and C-rich AGB stars in our Galaxy (Suh, 2021) J/A+A/664/A45 : Characterisation of Galactic carbon stars (Abia+, 2022) J/A+A/659/A145 : A WISE view on extreme AGB stars (Groenewegen, 2022) J/ApJS/260/46 : Milky Way Mira variable stars from OGLE (Iwanek+, 2022) J/A+A/661/A147 : Gal. interstellar dust Gaia-2MASS 3D maps (Lallement+, 2022) https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.html https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/272/16 https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/272/16 http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/272/16 https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/272/16 https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/272/16 http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/272/16 GET text/xml+votable https://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tap Cone search capability for table J/ApJS/272/16/table5 (Carbon stars with IRAS counterparts (carbon-rich asymptotic giant branch; CAGB_IC, see Table 1) objects) https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/272/16/table5? https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/272/16/table5? http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/272/16/table5? GET text/xml+votable 180.0 50000 true 288.54703101 10.43097188 0.005555555555555556 Cone search capability for table J/ApJS/272/16/table6 (Carbon stars without IRAS counterparts (AllWISE or Gaia DR3 Sources; CAGB_NI, see Table 2) objects) https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/272/16/table6? https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/272/16/table6? http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/272/16/table6? GET text/xml+votable 180.0 50000 true 0.37424664 64.91885902 0.005555555555555556 4/903 914 960-962 980 2333 2359 2369 5/360 362 404 413 454 456 489 749 758 764 766-767 788 797 813 822-823 825 827 834 864 874 897 907 921 932 3241-3243 3247 3503 3515 3518-3519 3550 3555 3560 3562 3564-3566 3570-3571 3578-3581 3584-3586 3588 3590 3593 3596-3597 3601-3603 3606-3609 3611 3636 3649-3651 3660-3661 3663-3664 3667 3671 3679 3684-3685 3852-3854 3856 3858-3859 3861-3864 3866 3869-3871 3890 3909-3910 3912-3913 3924 5201 5204 5206 5209 5245 5386 5418 5510 5513 5517 5540 5552 5559-5560 5905 5998 6092 6116-6117 6127 7178 7200 7216 7220 7560 7563 7659-7661 7663 7674 7678 8021 9302 9307-9308 9310-9311 9329 9339 9341 9426 9429-9431 9433-9435 9456-9457 9465-9467 9473 9480-9482 9488 9490 9504-9506 9513-9514 9600 9602-9603 9610 9797 9808 9811 9816 9818 9820 9823 9829 9840 9843 9848 9850-9852 9854-9855 9934 9936 9939-9940 9945 9949 9959 9970 9975 9981 10123 10144 10152-10153 10395 10405-10407 10409-10412 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38614 38617 38624 38656 38660 38699 38789 38862 38998-38999 39028 39039 39079 39134-39135 39140 39148 39157 39185 39187 39196-39197 39199 39201 39208-39209 39211 39216 39219 39221 39223-39224 39227-39228 39231 39236-39238 39240-39241 39243 39248 39250 39252-39254 39259 39261-39263 39269-39271 39276 39278-39279 39285-39287 39289-39291 39300 39303 39305 39307 39309 39313-39314 39321 39323-39325 39327-39329 39336-39337 39342 39344 39347-39350 39352-39353 39355-39358 39364-39366 39368-39369 39376-39378 39381 39383-39384 39386-39387 39390-39391 39396 39398-39399 39412 39415 39487 39505 39518 39523 39527 39529-39530 39540 39548 39675 39681 39686 39697-39700 39702 39705 39708-39709 39711 39719 39722 39726 39729-39730 39735 39741 39743 39748 39750-39751 39753-39755 39764 39766-39768 39770-39773 39775-39776 39778-39779 39784-39785 39787 39789-39791 39795 39800-39802 39805 39807 39818 39820 39824 39828-39829 39834-39835 39842 39855 39857-39859 39862 39864 39869 39871 39875-39878 39884-39886 39888 39890-39891 39894 39896 39898 39904 39908 39911-39913 39915 39917 39920-39921 39923 39928 39930-39931 39933-39936 39938 39945 39947 39955 39962 39968-39969 39971 39974 39977-39979 39982 39991 39995 40022 40032-40033 40064 40066 40069 40072 40075 40078 40084 40089 40093-40094 40097-40099 40101 40103 40106-40107 40110 40115 40120-40122 40128 40150 40157 40168 40244 40339 40361 40392 40448-40449 40456 40458 40460-40462 40464 40467 40471 40480 40482-40483 40488-40489 40491 40501-40502 40504 40506 40508 40510 40523 40549 40552 40559 40581 40584-40586 40588 40590-40592 40597-40598 40601-40603 40616-40618 40620-40621 40623 40626-40627 40630-40631 40633 40635 40658 40664 40666 40673 40675 40690-40691 40756 40762 40832 40836 40863 40869 40875 40894 40967 41045 41106 41157 41204 41314 41328 41351 41367 41396 41416 41439 41446 41449 41451 41453 41455 41458 41460 41462-41463 41466-41467 41469-41471 41479 41481 41487 41501 41527 41530 41533 41545 41550 41559 41564 41570-41571 41574-41575 41577 41579 41587 41589-41590 41596-41597 41599 41610-41611 41614-41615 41619 41634-41635 41652-41654 41656-41658 41669-41671 41676-41678 41682-41684 41686 41692-41693 41696-41697 41699 41705 41708 41711 41713-41716 41724 41728 41731 41733 41738 41751-41753 41755 41765-41766 41768-41769 41771 41773 41775 41779 41785-41786 41788-41789 41797-41798 41809-41810 41812 41818-41821 41824 41830-41832 41834-41835 41840 41849 41856-41857 41862 41865 41867-41869 41872-41874 41878-41879 41893 41900 41904-41905 41910 41920 41937 41945 42004 42018 42045 42047 42056-42057 42079 42089 42098 42104 42122 42137-42138 42151-42152 42154-42155 42160-42161 42163 42176 42181 42183-42184 42193 42199 42201 42204-42205 42207 42210-42211 42214 42220-42221 42223 42228-42229 42231-42233 42235-42236 42255 42263 42280 42287 42296 42299 42301 42303-42304 42309 42316 42322-42323 42325 42330 42332-42333 42337 42347 42350-42351 42357-42358 42360 42365 42367 42369-42370 42375 42377 42379 42382 42384 42387 42391-42392 42394 42396-42398 42400-42401 42403-42404 42410 42414 42416 42419-42420 42425 42437 42439-42441 42444-42446 42449-42450 42452-42453 42455-42456 42458 42461 42463 42465-42466 42469 42488-42490 42492-42493 42496-42497 42501-42505 42507 42509-42510 42512 42515-42517 42521 42523 42533 42558 42560 42563 42565 42567 42572 42599 42602 42645 42753 42812 42819-42821 42839 42845-42846 42848 42852-42853 42871 42874 42876 42952 42989 43012-43014 43024-43025 43027-43030 43032 43034-43036 43039 43044-43046 43054-43055 43060-43062 43066 43074 43087-43088 43096 43132 43136 43138 43144-43145 43150 43154 43157 43168 43176 43227 43264-43265 43281 43292 43320 43328 43342 43525-43526 43572 43581 43703 43799 43864 44073 44181 44273 44276 44310 44757 45146 45221 45279 45489 45658 45782 45931 46103 46215 46513 46729 46761 47039 47074 47163 47266 47376 47426 47542 47598 47664 47676 47717 47736 47745 47747 47757-47758 47773 47781 47794 47848 47853 47865 47867 47871 47897 47900 47950 47958 47961 47968 47978 47987 47993 48002 48005-48006 48017 48033 48035 48041 48044 48216 48650 48663 48679 48690 48700 48787 48848 48856 48869 49100 https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJS/272/16?format=ascii Optical Infrared default J/ApJS/272/16/table5 Carbon stars with IRAS counterparts (carbon-rich asymptotic giant branch; CAGB_IC, see Table 1) objects recno Record number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification. meta.record int PerWISE [60/1195]? Period from WISE data d time.period float nullable Dist [96/29239] Distance pc pos.distance float r_Dist Source of the distance (G1) meta.bib char Akari Display data from Akari (II/297) within 3" meta.ref.url int nullable Seq [1/4909] CAGB_IC running sequential number meta.record int IRAS IRAS identifier (HHMMm+DDMM; B1950) meta.id.cross char SIMBAD SIMBAD identifier meta.id;meta.main char GaiaDR3 ? Gaia DR3 identifier meta.id.cross nullable RA_ICRS Right Ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0 (1) deg pos.eq.ra;meta.main DE_ICRS Declination (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0 (1) deg pos.eq.dec;meta.main r_Pos Source of the position (Gaia DR3 or Akari) (G1) meta.ref;pos.frame char WISEA ? AllWISE identifier (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s) meta.id.cross char Type ? Variable type from AAVSO meta.code.class char PerAAVSO [0/2950]? Period from AAVSO d time.period float nullable
J/ApJS/272/16/table6 Carbon stars without IRAS counterparts (AllWISE or Gaia DR3 Sources; CAGB_NI, see Table 2) objects recno Record number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification. meta.record int Seq [1/2254] CAGB_NI running sequential number meta.record int SIMBAD SIMBAD identifier meta.id.cross char GaiaDR3 Gaia DR3 identifier meta.id;meta.main RA_ICRS Gaia DR3 Right Ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0 deg pos.eq.ra;meta.main DE_ICRS Gaia DR3 Declination (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0 deg pos.eq.dec;meta.main WISEA ? AllWISE identifier (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s) meta.id.cross char PerAAVSO [0.2/1490]? Period from AAVSO d time.period float nullable PerWISE [120.8/2277]? Period from WISE data d time.period float nullable Dist [452.8/28395] Distance pc pos.distance float r_Dist Source of the distance (G1) meta.bib char Type ? Variable type from AAVSO meta.code.class char