J/ApJS/266/6ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/266/6doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.22660006CDSAyres T.2025-02-06T20:12:07Z2023-09-15T14:16:02ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frthe-sunspectroscopyultraviolet-astronomymetallicityphotometryvisible-astronomystellar-spectral-typesstellar-massesstellar-radiiradial-velocityeffective-temperatureThe Wilson-Bappu effect (WBE) is a remarkable correlation between the width of the chromospheric emission core of the CaII 3934{AA} K line and stellar absolute visual magnitude over an astonishing range, from diminutive red dwarfs to bloated yellow supergiants. The WBE signifies a deep connection between the nonclassical, mechanically heated chromosphere and fundamental stellar properties. The present study considers the parallel WBE in the analogous MgII k line at 2796{AA}, utilizing near-ultraviolet spectra from Hubble Space Telescope (HST), and stellar parameters mainly derived from Gaia. The final sample is 300 stars (301 including the Sun). The high cosmic abundance of magnesium allowed MgII k emissions to be recovered in the warmer F-types, at the edge of convection and chromospheric activity, and in low-activity Sunlike dwarfs-situations in which CaII K might be too weak to measure. Nevertheless, the derived slope of the MgII WBE was similar to previous reports based on the K line; as well as other MgII efforts with smaller samples of pre-HST spectra. Further, a decomposition of the MgII WBE in temperature, gravity, activity, and metallicity yielded similar results to previous CaII work, but with the greater clarity afforded by the large, diverse HST sample. Parametric dependences of the k-line WBE match, tolerably well, predictions based on the "ionization-valve" theory of chromospheric structure. In the end, the WBE is not merely an astrophysical curiosity, but rather informs the question of how chromospheres-arguably the central bastion of nonclassical heating-have come to be.2023ApJS..266....6Ahttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/266/6CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/pastel : The PASTEL catalogue (Soubiran+, 2016-)B/hst : HST Archived Exposures Catalog (STScI, 2007)IV/38 : TESS Input Catalog - v8.0 (TIC-8) (Stassun+, 2019)I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)J/PASP/111/335 : CaII-M_v_ Wilson-Bappu Effect (Wallerstein+ 1999)J/A+A/374/1085 : Mg II K line Wilson-Bappu relationship (Cassatella+, 2001)J/A+A/401/997 : Wilson-Bappu relation in late-type stars (Pace+, 2003)J/A+A/398/647 : Rotational velocities of F and G stars (Reiners+, 2003)J/A+A/430/303 : MgII-K line fluxes in active & quiet stars (Cardini+, 2005)J/ApJ/663/320 : IR-through-UV extinction curve (Fitzpatrick+, 2007)J/MNRAS/414/418 : Chromospheric Mg II h+k flux of evolved stars (Perez+, 2011)J/ApJ/786/97 : Photospheric properties of T Tauri stars (Herczeg+, 2014)J/AJ/153/212 : Obs. of binary stars at the WIYN telescope (Horch+, 2017)J/ApJS/255/16 : Quiet-Sun MgII h & k line profiles from IRIS (Gunar+, 2021)J/A+A/649/A3 : Gaia EDR3 photometric passbands (Riello+, 2021)J/A+A/663/A4 : Mean PASTEL atmospheric parameters (Soubiran+, 2022)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/266/6https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/266/6http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/266/6https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/266/6https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/266/6http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/266/6GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJS/266/6/tablea1 (HST NUV exposure log)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/266/6/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/266/6/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/266/6/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true1.6532629.02150.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJS/266/6/table3 (Stellar parameters)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/266/6/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/266/6/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/266/6/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true1.653266729.02150360.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJS/266/6/table4 (Mg II profile measurements)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/266/6/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/266/6/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/266/6/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true1.653266729.02150360.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJS/266/6/tableb1 (Consolidated stellar parameters)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/266/6/tableb1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/266/6/tableb1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/266/6/tableb1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true1.653266729.02150360.0055555555555555565/292 5887 6/140 333 340 342 496 798 953 1024 1029 1032 1042 1048 1050 1073-1074 1081 1083 1111 1114-1115 1124 1159 1283 1427 1577 1808 1875 2025 2127 2426 2472 2623 2737 2921 2973 3005 3712 3986 4041 4355 4376 4444 4468 4591 4709 5009 5413 5420 5522 5534 5718 6153 6219 6241 6714 7264 7610 7763 8669 8767 8790 8843 9125 9403 9459 9662 9717 9813 9835 10055 10101 10375 10476 10812 11126 11473 11713 11856 12082 12271 12337 12451 12592 12644 12704 12768 12983 13087 13301 13688 13743 13778 13947 14266 14278 14534 14631 14650 14808 14845 15133 15174 15311 15715 15749 16023 16115 16220 16834 17136 17266 17425 17492 17570 17716 17851 17989 18289 18450 18549 18553 18785 18978 19045 19490 19547 19802 19879 19912 20118 20145 20178 20212 20327-20328 20390 20460 20701 20981 21149 21151 21530 21696 21864 21941 22180 22257 22289 22300 22309 22606 22616 22626 22630 22636 22645 22708-22709 22807 22818 23011 23094 23230 23339 23344 23365 23454 23489 23497 23501 23518 23526 23537-23540 23547 23611 23704 23996 24048 24110 24151 24160 24195 24201 24300 24924 25113 25385 25444 26025 26347 26394 26457 26963 27462 27568 27975 28151 28336 28400 28494 28548 28664 28696 29196 29721 30576 30665 30825 30833 30878 30921 31029 31072 31125 31132 31191 31751 31757 31781 31933 32319 32335 32352 32473 32491 32509 32930 33116 33306 33589 33717 33798 33813 33849 34181 34446 34448 34708 34905 35079 35768 35913 36145 36233 36317 36664 36693 36697 36711 36862 36956-36957 37012 37232 38072 38095 38347 38363 38382 38461 38545 38562 38687 38742 38806-38807 39068 39085 39165 39542 39693 40692 40784 40892 41270 41526 41591 41763 42115 42248 42290 42429 42459 42611 42652 42704 42760 42956 42981 43141 43360 43842 44018 44208 44281 44508 44542 44575 44669 44771 44921 45353 45472 45530 45564 45669 46076 46098 46566 46632 47147 47347 47589 48163 48178 48274 48572 48652 48687 48824 490781.9867573869263685e-19 3.916500758235022e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJS/266/6?format=asciiUVOpticaldefaultJ/ApJS/266/6/tablea1HST NUV exposure logrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000) (1)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[-80/86.5] Declination (J2000) (1)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainPlx[1/768.1] Gaia DR3 (or Hipparcos) parallaxmaspos.parallaxfloatGmag[1.94/16.2]? Gaia DR3 G band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloatnullableTstart[1991.29/2022.64] Universal Time start date in decimal yearsyrtime.startdoubleTexp[0/11908] Exposure timestime.duration;obs.exposureintS/NTot[0/223] Average S/N per resel outside h+k (4)stat.snrintS/Nhk[0/3803] Combined S/N of h+k lines (5)stat.snrintFmax[0/500] Maximum flux density in h+k core region (6)phot.flux.density;stat.maxfloatNexp[1/2396] Number of sub-exposuresmeta.numberintIDAdopted target identifiermeta.idcharprimaryf_ID[R] Target retained in final surveymeta.codecharSNameSIMBAD namemeta.id;meta.maincharStypeSIMBAD object typesrc.classcharSpTSIMBAD spectral type / luminosity classsrc.spTypecharNoteAdditional note (s) (2)meta.notecharHSTHST observation identifiermeta.id;obscharf_HSTFlag on HST observation (3)meta.codecharModeObserving mode abbreviation (see text)instr.setupcharAperSpectrograph aperture abbreviation (see text)phys.angSize;instr.fovcharJ/ApJS/266/6/table3Stellar parametersf_ID[T] T = Representative T-Tauri starmeta.codecharSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableIDObject identifiermeta.idcharprimaryrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSpTSpectral type / luminosity classsrc.spTypecharDist[1.3/1000] Distancepcpos.distancedoubleGmag[-0.64/14.43] Gaia DR3 G band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloatBP-RP[0.27/4.2] Gaia DR3 (Blue-Red) passband colormagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.RfloatE(BP-RP)[0/0.31] Color excess, E(BP-RP)magphot.color.excessfloatTeff[2888/7434]? Effective temperature (1)Kphys.temperature.effectiveintnullablee_Teff[0/526]? Uncertainty in TeffKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveintnullableo_Teff[1/3]? Number of values used to derive Teffmeta.numberintnullable[Fe/H][-2.85/0.55]? Mean metallicitylog(Sun)phys.abund.Z;stat.meanfloatnullableo_[Fe/H][1/32]? Number of values used to derive [Fe/H]meta.numberintnullableBC[-2.1/0.15] Bolometric correctionmagphot.mag.bcfloatFbol[9.5e-11/0.0004] Stellar bolometric flux; erg/s/cm^2^ (2)mW.m**-2phot.flux.boldoublelogL[-3.15/5.54] Log stellar luminositylog(solLum)phys.luminosityfloatlogR[-0.98/3.28] Log stellar radiuslog(solRad)phys.size.radiusfloatMass[0.16/24] Stellar masssolMassphys.massfloatlogg[-0.73/5.6] Log surface gravity from HRD fitting (3)log(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloat_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullable_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullableJ/ApJS/266/6/table4Mg II profile measurementsSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablef_RVCat[G] G: RVCat is from Gaiameta.codecharRVCal[-315/250.5] Inferred velocity shift (2)km/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatMin-WinWavelength search limits for k_1 and h_1 (3)0.1nmem.wlcharFIT-WinWavelength limits used in h-line stretching (3)0.1nmem.wlcharf_FIT-Win[rl] Flag on FIT-Win (4)meta.codechardellam[0.88/1.6] H-line {delta}{lambda} stretching parameterstat.fit.paramfloatdelf[0.94/2.2] H-line {delta}f stretching parameterstat.fit.paramfloatIDObject identifiermeta.idcharprimaryrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNs[1/6] Smoothing FWHM (1)meta.numberintRVCat[-317.9/252.1]? Catalog radial velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloatnullableW05[0.27/6.43] Base profile width; Angstroms0.1nmspect.line.widthfloatW50[0.16/3.5] Middle profile width (FWHM); Angstroms0.1nmspect.line.widthfloatW95[0/2.4] Top profile width; Angstroms0.1nmspect.line.widthfloatfLo[4.3e-16/0.00013] Uncorrected profile flux measurement (5)mW.m**-2phot.fluxdoublefUp[5e-16/0.00013] Reflected profile flux measurement (5)mW.m**-2phot.fluxdoublef1[0/1.1e-05] Flux under profile base (5)mW.m**-2phot.fluxdoubleQGrade assigned (A=best) (6)meta.notecharSunSun remarks (7)meta.notechar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullable_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullablef_ID[T] T = Representative T-Tauri starmeta.codecharJ/ApJS/266/6/tableb1Consolidated stellar parametersSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableIDAdopted target identifiermeta.idcharprimaryo_loggCat[1/32]? Number of values used to derive loggCatmeta.numberintnullablef_SpT[r] Flag on SpLum (1)meta.codecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSNameSIMBAD namemeta.id;meta.maincharSpTSpectral type / luminosity classsrc.spTypechar[Fe/H][-2.85/0.55]? Average catalog metallicitylog(Sun)phys.abund.Z;meta.tablefloatnullablee_[Fe/H][0/0.4]? Uncertainty in [Fe/H]log(Sun)stat.error;phys.abund.Fefloatnullableo_[Fe/H][1/32]? Number of values used to derive [Fe/H]meta.numberintnullableTCat[2777/7447]? Average catalog effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effective;meta.tableintnullablee_TCat[0/204]? Uncertainty in TCatKstat.errorintnullableo_TCat[1/38]? Number of values used to derive TCatmeta.numberintnullableTTIC[2860/7557]? TIC effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintnullablee_TTIC[0/310]? Uncertainty in TTICKstat.errorintnullableTCal[3000/7300] Effective temperature from reddening-corrected Gaia colorKphys.temperature.effectiveintloggCat[0/5.25]? Average catalog log surface gravitylog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravity;meta.tablefloatnullablee_loggCat[0/0.8]? Uncertainty in loggCatlog(cm.s**-2)stat.errorfloatnullableloggCal[-0.73/5.6] Log surface gravity from HRD fittinglog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloat_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullable_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullable