J/ApJS/263/15ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/263/15doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.22630015CDSCoulter D.J.Barnes J.W.Fortney J.J.2023-01-18T06:10:33Z2022-12-23T08:33:29ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frsolar-system-planetsinfrared-astronomyspectroscopyvisible-astronomyWith the advent of direct-imaging spectroscopy, the number of spectra from brown dwarfs and extrasolar gas giants is growing rapidly. Many brown dwarfs and extrasolar gas giants exhibit spectroscopic and photometric variability, which is likely the result of weather patterns. However, for the foreseeable future, point-source observations will be the only viable method to extract brown dwarf and exoplanet spectra. Models have been able to reproduce the observed variability, but ground-truth observations are required to verify their results. To that end, we provide visual and near-infrared spectra of Jupiter and Saturn obtained from the Cassini VIMS instrument. We disk-integrate the VIMS spectral cubes to simulate the spectra of Jupiter and Saturn as if they were directly imaged exoplanets or brown dwarfs. We present six empirical disk-integrated spectra for both Jupiter and Saturn with phase coverage of 1.{deg}7-133.{deg}5 and 39.{deg}6-110.{deg}2, respectively. To understand the constituents of these disk-integrated spectra, we also provide end-member (single-feature) spectra for permutations of illumination and cloud density, as well as for Saturn's rings. In tandem, these disk-integrated and end-member spectra provide the ground truth needed to analyze point-source spectra from extrasolar gas giants and brown dwarfs. Lastly, we discuss the impact that icy rings, such as Saturn's, have on disk-integrated spectra and consider the feasibility of inferring the presence of rings from direct- imaging spectra.2022ApJS..263...15Chttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/263/15CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicerelated-toJ/ApJ/564/421 : Spectra of T dwarfs. I. (Burgasser+, 2002)J/ApJ/818/176 : HST/WFC3 NIR photometry of 2M1207b (Zhou+, 2016)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/263/15https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/263/15http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/263/15https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/263/15https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/263/15http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/263/15GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/ApJS/263/15/table1*Cassini VIMS spectral cubes selected for this study (see Figure 1)FileNameCube namemeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTargetPlanet name ("Saturn" or "Jupiter")meta.id;meta.maincharDateAcquisition date (UT)time.epochnullableExpVIS[640/2560] VIS exposure durationstime.expointExpIR[20/120] IR exposure durationstime.expointResResolutionkm/pixpos.angResolutionintf_Res[*] * = not available in PDS; calculated heremeta.codecharAngle[1.6/133.6] Phase angledegpos.phaseAngfloatJ/ApJS/263/15/fig3Signal to noise ratio as a function of wavelength for both Jupiter and SaturnrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintlambda[0.35/5.2] Wavelengthumem.wldoubleJupiter[-1.5/242.4] Jupiter's signal-to-Noise ratiostat.snrdoubleSaturn[1.2/632.7] Saturn's signal-to-Noise ratiostat.snrdoubleJ/ApJS/263/15/fig4Disk-integrated spectra of Jupiter for six phase anglesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintPhase[1.6/133.6] Phase angledegpos.phaseAngfloatlambda[0.35/5.2] Wavelengthumem.wldoubleFlux[-0.07/1091.4] Spectral flux radianceuW.cm**-2.sr**-1.um**-1phot.fluxdoubleI/F[-0.008/1.9] Apparent reflectancephys.albedodoubleJ/ApJS/263/15/fig5Jupiter end member spectra obtained from cube V1357335218 1TypeMember spectra type code (1)meta.codecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintlambda[0.35/5.2] Wavelengthumem.wldoubleFlux[-109/8480.2] Spectral flux radianceuW.cm**-2.sr**-1.um**-1phot.fluxdoubleI/F[-0.008/6.6] Apparent reflectancephys.albedodoubleJ/ApJS/263/15/fig6Disk-integrated spectra of Saturn for six phase anglesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintPhase[1.6/133.6] Phase angledegpos.phaseAngfloatlambda[0.35/5.2] Wavelengthumem.wldoubleFlux[-0.07/1091.4] Spectral flux radianceuW.cm**-2.sr**-1.um**-1phot.fluxdoubleI/F[-0.008/1.9] Apparent reflectancephys.albedodoubleJ/ApJS/263/15/fig7Saturn end member spectra obtained from cube V1469259344 1recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTypeMember spectra type code (1)meta.codecharlambda[0.35/5.2] Wavelengthumem.wldoubleFlux[-109/8480.2] Spectral flux radianceuW.cm**-2.sr**-1.um**-1phot.fluxdoubleI/F[-0.008/6.6] Apparent reflectancephys.albedodouble