J/ApJS/262/10ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/262/10doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.22620010CDSKnote M.F.Caballero-Nieves S.M.Gokhale V.Johnston K.B.Perlman E.S.2023-07-03T14:20:44Z2022-11-28T09:16:57ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.freclipsing-binary-starsphotometryvisible-astronomystellar-spectral-typesThe O'Connell effect --the presence of unequal maxima in eclipsing binaries-- remains an unsolved riddle in the study of close binary systems. The Kepler space telescope produced high-precision photometry of nearly 3000 eclipsing binary systems, providing a unique opportunity to study the O'Connell effect in a large sample and in greater detail than in previous studies. We have characterized the observational properties-including temperature, luminosity, and eclipse depth-of a set of 212 systems (7.3% of Kepler eclipsing binaries) that display a maxima flux difference of at least 1%, representing the largest sample of O'Connell effect systems yet studied. We explored how these characteristics correlate with each other to help understand the O'Connell effect's underlying causes. We also describe some system classes with peculiar light-curve features aside from the O'Connell effect (~24% of our sample), including temporal variation and asymmetric minima. We found that the O'Connell effect size's correlations with period and temperature are inconsistent with Kouzuma's starspot study. Up to 20% of systems display the parabolic eclipse timing variation signal expected for binaries undergoing mass transfer. Most systems displaying the O'Connell effect have the brighter maximum following the primary eclipse, suggesting a fundamental link between which maximum is brighter and the O'Connell effect's physical causes. Most importantly, we find that the O'Connell effect occurs exclusively in systems where the components are close enough to significantly affect each other, suggesting that the interaction between the components is ultimately responsible for causing the O'Connell effect.2022ApJS..262...10Khttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/262/10CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toV/133 : Kepler Input Catalog (Kepler Mission Team, 2009)I/350 : Gaia EDR3 (Gaia Collaboration, 2020)I/352 : Distances to 1.47 billion stars in Gaia EDR3 (Bailer-Jones+, 2021)J/A+A/395/587 : GR Tau BV light curves (Zhang+, 2002)J/AJ/128/1761 : HATNET variability survey (Hartman+, 2004)J/A+A/454/855 : Geneva photometry of W Cru (Pavlovski+, 2006)J/AJ/135/850 : Eclipsing binaries found in TrES (Devor+, 2008)J/AJ/136/1067 : New beta Lyrae and Algol candidates in NSVS (Hoffman+, 2008)J/AJ/138/466 : NSVS variables automated classification (Hoffman+, 2009)J/AcA/59/33 : ASAS. Variable stars cat. in Kepler field. (Pigulski+, 2009)J/AJ/142/112 : KIC photometric calibration (Brown+, 2011)J/AJ/141/83 : Kepler Mission. I. Eclipsing binaries in DR1 (Prsa+, 2011)J/AJ/142/160 : Kepler Mission. II. EBs in DR2 (Slawson+, 2011)J/ApJS/208/9 : Intrinsic colors & temperatures of PMS stars (Pecaut+, 2013)J/MNRAS/431/966 : Transiting planet WASP-50b (Tregloan-Reed+, 2013)J/AJ/147/45 : Kepler. IV. Eclipse times for close binaries (Conroy+, 2014)J/MNRAS/448/429 : Starspots in short-period Kepler binaries (Balaji+, 2015)J/MNRAS/447/2714 : Flare stars across the H-R diagram (Balona+, 2015)J/AJ/151/101 : Kepler Mission. VIII. False positives (Abdul-Masih+, 2016)J/MNRAS/455/4136 : Kepler triples (Borkovits+, 2016)J/ApJ/829/23 : Stellar flares from Q0-Q17 Kepler LCs (Davenport, 2016)J/A+A/594/A39 : LAMOST-Kepler param. and activity indicators (Frasca+, 2016)J/ApJS/224/37 : White-light flares on close bin. from Kepler (Gao+, 2016)J/AJ/151/68 : Kepler Mission. VII. Eclipsing binaries in DR3 (Kirk+, 2016)J/AcA/66/405 : Gal. bulge eclipsing & ellipsoidal bin. (Soszynski+, 2016)J/AJ/153/71 : Kepler follow-up observation prog. I. (Furlan+, 2017)J/AJ/154/105 : 529 Kepler eclipsing binaries (Kjurkchieva+, 2017)J/AJ/154/216 : Radial velocities of 41 Kepler EBs (Matson+, 2017)J/AJ/157/150 : Mid-eclipse times of KIC 10544976 (Almeida+, 2019)J/AJ/158/106 : Eclipsing binaries RVs from APOGEE sp. (Cunningham+, 2019)J/MNRAS/487/2474 : GALAH unresolved triple Sun-like star (Cotar+, 2019)J/A+A/623/A110 : Gaia DR2. Variable stars in CMD (Gaia Collaboration+, 2019)J/A+A/631/A126 : KIC 9832227 light curves (Kovacs+, 2019)J/A+A/628/A41 : KIC stars in Kepler/XMM-Newton (Pizzocaro+, 2019)J/ApJS/256/11 : Short period eclipsing binaries from Kepler (Bienias+, 2021)J/AJ/161/231 : A list of ~330000 stars Kepler missed (Wolniewicz+, 2021)J/ApJS/258/16 : TESS Eclipsing Binary stars. I. Sectors 1-26 (Prsa+, 2022)J/ApJS/262/12 : Kepler P<2d close binaries (Kobulnicky+, 2022)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/262/10https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/262/10http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/262/10https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/262/10https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/262/10http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/262/10GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJS/262/10/table1 (Complete Kepler O'Connell effect target list)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/262/10/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/262/10/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/262/10/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true291.35916737.5533060.0055555555555555565/3645-3646 3690 3776 3780 3792 6/14575 14578-14579 14588 14591 14730-14731 14733-14735 14744 14746 14751 14753-14754 14756 14758 14764-14765 14767 14769-14774 14777-14779 14781-14783 14794-14795 14816-14817 14824-14826 14828 14915 14919 14921 14923-14924 14928-14929 14931-14934 14937-14938 14940 14942 14945 14947-14948 14950 14952-14953 14956 14958-14959 14961-14963 14968-14969 14971-14972 14974-14975 15040 15042 15044 15057 15061 15109-15113 15115 15117 15124-15125 15127 15129-15133 15135-15137 15139-15141 15143-15145 15147-15148 15150 15154-15155 15157-15158 15172-15173 15200 152321.9867573869263685e-19 4.621782916333392e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJS/262/10?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJS/262/10/table1Complete Kepler O'Connell effect target listSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKIC[2159783/12602985] Kepler Input Catalog IDmeta.id;meta.mainintLCCLight Curve Classification (1)src.classcharRAJ2000[18/20] Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainPer[0.23/9.76] Orbital Period; KEBCdtime.periodfloatMorph[0.17/0.97]? Matijevic+ 2012AJ....143..123M morphology parametersrc.morphfloatnullableBP-RP[0.26/2.4] Gaia EDR3 BP-RP color indexmagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.RfloatBPmag[10.25/19.3] Gaia BP magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.BfloatGmag[9.84/18.85] Gaia G magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloatDist[94/7743]? Bailer-Jones+ 2021, I/352 distancepcpos.distancefloatnullableLum[0.006/51]? Gaia G-band Luminosity (2)solLumphys.luminosityfloatnullableSpTlitSpectral Type from Literaturesrc.spTypecharr_SpTlit[1/3]? Source of SpTlit (3)meta.ref;pos.frameintnullableSpTcolSpectral Type from Color (4)src.spTypecharSamp"Core" or "Marginal" (46 occurrences) Sample Systemmeta.notecharNotes? Notable Features of System (6)meta.notecharD16Display data frmo Davenport, 2016, J/ApJ/829/23meta.ref.urlintnullableEDR3Display data from Gaia EDR3 (Cat. I/350)meta.ref.urlcharRefPapers Citing System (5)meta.bibchar