J/ApJS/260/3ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/260/3doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.22600003CDSChangeat Q.Edwards B.Al-Refaie A.F.Tsiaras A.Skinner J.W.,Cho J.Y.K.Yip K.H.Anisman L.Ikoma M.Bieger M.F.Venot O.,Shibata S.Waldmann I.P.Tinetti G.2022-08-26T13:18:03Z2022-08-04T15:00:45ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frexoplanetsastronomical-modelsstellar-atmospheresinfrared-astronomyspectroscopyPopulation studies of exoplanets are key to unlocking their statistical properties. So far, the inferred properties have been mostly limited to planetary, orbital, and stellar parameters extracted from, e.g., Kepler, radial velocity, and Gaia data. More recently an increasing number of exoplanet atmospheres have been observed in detail from space and the ground. Generally, however, these atmospheric studies have focused on individual planets, with the exception of a couple of works that have detected the presence of water vapor and clouds in populations of gaseous planets via transmission spectroscopy. Here, using a suite of retrieval tools, we analyze spectroscopic and photometric data of 25 hot Jupiters, obtained with the Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes via the eclipse technique. By applying the tools uniformly across the entire set of 25 planets, we extract robust trends in the thermal structure and chemical properties of hot Jupiters not obtained in past studies. With the recent launch of the James Webb Space Telescope and the upcoming missions Twinkle and Ariel, population-based studies of exoplanet atmospheres, such as the one presented here, will be a key approach to understanding planet characteristics, formation, and evolution in our galaxy.2022ApJS..260....3Chttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/260/3CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/hst : HST Archived Exposures Catalog (STScI, 2007)J/A+A/482/L17 : CoRoT space mission. I. (Barge+, 2008)J/ApJ/683/1076 : Transits of exoplanet XO-3b (Winn+, 2008)J/A+A/506/359 : FORS2 and HAWKI photometry of CoRoT-1 (Gillon+, 2009)J/A+A/513/L3 : H-band thermal emission of WASP-19b (Anderson+, 2010)J/ApJ/727/125 : Secondary eclipses of WASP-12b with Spitzer (Campo+, 2011)J/ApJ/742/59 : HAT-P-32 and HAT-P-33 follow-up (Hartman+, 2011)J/A+A/526/L10 : Transits of of WASP-33 (Herrero+, 2011)J/AJ/144/139 : HAT-P-39, HAT-P-40, and HAT-P-41 follow-up (Hartman+, 2012)J/ApJ/761/123 : KELT-1 photometry and spectroscopy follow-up (Siverd+, 2012)J/A+A/547/A61 : WASP78 and WASP79 RV and photometric data (Smalley+, 2012)J/A+A/553/A49 : WASP-19b secondary eclipses (Abe+, 2013)J/MNRAS/434/1469 : ExoMol line lists for SiO (Barton+, 2013)J/MNRAS/437/1828 : ExoMol line list for HCN and HNC (Barber+, 2014)J/ApJ/795/166 : Exoplanet HD 189733b whitelight curve (Crouzet+, 2014)J/A+A/562/L3 : WASP-103b radial velocities and light curves (Gillon+, 2014)J/ApJ/791/55 : HD 189733b in transit light curve (McCullough+, 2014)J/ApJ/788/92 : Kepler-13Ab planet's occultation (Shporer+, 2014)J/MNRAS/440/1649 : ExoMol line lists for CH4 (Yurchenko+, 2014)J/MNRAS/448/1704 : ExoMol line lists for formaldehyde H_2_CO (Al-Refaie+, 2015)J/AJ/150/12 : Radial velocity of HD 33643 (Bieryla+, 2015)J/MNRAS/449/3613 : ExoMol line lists for AlO (Patrascu+, 2015)J/MNRAS/446/2337 : ExoMol line lists for phosphine (PH_3_) (Sousa-Silva+, 2015)J/MNRAS/460/4063 : ExoMol line list for H2S AYT2 (Yurchenko+, 2016)J/A+A/589/A58 : High-res. imaging of TEP systems (HITEP) (Evans+, 2016)J/MNRAS/463/771 : ExoMol XVIII. VO high-temperature sp. (McKemmish+, 2016)J/ApJ/831/64 : Mass-metallicities for giant planets (Thorngren+, 2016)J/A+A/585/A126 : Irradiated & bloated hot Jupiters RV and phot. (West+, 2016)J/A+A/606/A18 : WASP-103b light curves (Lendl+, 2017)J/AJ/153/136 : Planets and host stars with Gaia parallaxes (Stassun+, 2017)J/MNRAS/478/3220 : ExoMol. XXVII: spectra of C2H4 (Mant+, 2018)J/A+A/625/A136 : WASP-18b HST/WFC3 sp. phase curves (Arcangeli+, 2019)J/AJ/157/217 : Transit times of 5 WASP hot Jupiter (Bouma+, 2019)J/MNRAS/490/4638 : ExoMol molecular line lists. XXXV. NH3 (Coles+, 2019)J/AJ/157/242 : Updated targets for Ariel (Edwards+, 2019)J/A+A/627/A165 : KELT-9 b atm. model transmission sp. (Hoeijmakers+, 2019)J/MNRAS/486/2351 : ExoMol line lists. XXXII. MgO (Li+, 2019)J/MNRAS/485/5168 : Light curves of WASP-74 (Mancini+, 2019)J/AJ/157/101 : Cloud Atlas: HST/WFC3 NIR sp. library (Manjavacas+, 2019)J/MNRAS/488/2836 : ExoMol Molecular linelists. XXXIII. TiO (McKemmish+, 2019)J/AJ/157/82 : TEMP. V. Phot. of HAT-P-9, HAT-P-32 & HAT-P-36 (Wang+, 2019)J/A+A/632/A69 : CaII transmission sp. of WASP-33b and KELT-9b (Yan+, 2019)J/AJ/158/141 : Differential phot. & RVs of HAT-P-69 & -70 (Zhou+, 2019)J/A+A/635/A73 : Mult. study of transiting exoplanet hosts. I. (Bohn+, 2020)J/A+A/637/A36 : WASP-121b optical phase curve (Bourrier+, 2020)J/AJ/159/204 : HAT-P-41b transmission sp. with HST (Wakeford+, 2020)J/MNRAS/510/903 : ExoMol molecular line lists. XLIV. SiO (Yurchenko+, 2022)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/260/3https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/260/3http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/260/3https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/260/3https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/260/3http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/260/3GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJS/260/3/table1 (Summary of our "full" retrievals on HST+Spitzer eclipse data (Day) and the HST transit data (Term))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/260/3/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/260/3/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/260/3/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true102.079885-3.10214170.0055555555555555566/1292 2335 2532 9811 12644 12983 14667 15129 15139 17851 20476 22065 23387 24409 26771 30013 30485 31541 32749 34708 35210 36794 38452 39542 46437https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJS/260/3?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/ApJS/260/3/table1Summary of our "full" retrievals on HST+Spitzer eclipse data (Day) and the HST transit data (Term)SimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableSpTrTransit spectra interactive plotmeta.ref.urlcharNrResults for this planet (link to Table D1)meta.numberintnullableIDPlanet namemeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintn_ID"HST" for HAT-P-70 bmeta.notecharTerm-DetTerm detection (s)phys.atmol.ionStagecharTerm-ClTerm clouds (1)meta.notecharTerm-T[564/2862]? Term temperature (1)Kphys.temperatureintnullablee_Term-T[116/1105]? Lower uncertainty on Term-TKphys.temperatureintnullableE_Term-T[147/537]? Upper uncertainty on Term-TKphys.temperatureintnullablen_Term-Tu: unknownphys.temperaturecharDay-DetDay detection (s) (2)phys.atmol.ionStagen_Day-DetNote on Day-Det (3)phys.atmol.ionStagecharDay-T[1388/4011] Day temperatureKphys.temperatureinte_Day-T[21/402] Day-T uncertaintyKphys.temperatureintDay-ProfDay profilemeta.notecharNecNumber of eclipse spectra measurements (link to Table B3)meta.numberintnullableSpEcEclipse spectra interactive plotmeta.ref.urlcharNtrNumber of transit spectra measurements (link to Table B4)meta.numberintnullable_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJS/260/3/tableb3Eclipse spectra used in this population studyWidthBin width (1)umspect.line.widthcharIDPlanet identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintlambda[0.8/24] Central wavelength of the binumem.wl.centralfloatFlux[0.0023/0.73] Flux%phot.fluxfloate_Flux[0.0013/0.12] Uncertainty in Flux%stat.error;phot.fluxfloatJ/ApJS/260/3/tableb4Transit spectra used in this population studyIDPlanet identifier (1)meta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintlambda[1.12/1.63] Central wavelength of the binumem.wl.centralfloatWidth[0.018/0.04] Bin widthumspect.line.widthfloatDepth[0.48/2.55] Transit depth%phot.flux.density;arith.ratiofloate_Depth[0.0029/0.07] Uncertainty in Depth%stat.error;phys.absorption.opticalDepthfloatJ/ApJS/260/3/tabled1Table of the retrieval results for the 25 planetsIDPlanet identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharf_IDFlag on ID (1)meta.codecharParamParameter description (2)meta.noterecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintl_Red-HSTLimit flag on Red-HSTmeta.code.errorcharRed-HST[-8.3/216.6]? Recovered Param value from HST red spectrumstat.valuefloatnullableE_Red-HST[0.0/2.3]? Upper uncertainty in Red-HSTstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_Red-HST[0.0/5.2]? Lower uncertainty in Red-HSTstat.errorfloatnullablel_Red-HST+SpLimit flag on Red-HST+Spmeta.code.errorcharRed-HST+Sp[-8.3/306.7]? Recovered Param value from HST & Spitzer red spectrastat.valuefloatnullableE_Red-HST+Sp[0.0/2.4]? Upper uncertainty in Red-HST+Spstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_Red-HST+Sp[0.0/4.1]? Lower uncertainty in Red-HST+Spstat.errorfloatnullablel_Full-HSTLimit flag on Full-HSTmeta.code.errorcharFull-HST[-9.8/224.61]? Recovered Param value from full HST spectrumstat.valuefloatnullableE_Full-HST[0.06/2.6]? Upper uncertainty in Full-HSTstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_Full-HST[0.06/4.8]? Lower uncertainty in Full-HSTstat.errorfloatnullablel_Full-HST+SpLimit flag on Full-HST+Spmeta.code.errorcharFull-HST+Sp[-10.69/313.8]? Recovered Param value from full HST & Spitzer spectrastat.valuefloatnullableE_Full-HST+Sp[0.06/3]? Upper uncertainty in Full-HST+Spstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_Full-HST+Sp[0.06/5]? Lower uncertainty in Full-HST+Spstat.errorfloatnullableeq-HST[-0.9/216.9]? Recovered Param value from HST equilibrium spectrumstat.valuefloatnullableE_eq-HST[0.0/1.2]? Upper uncertainty in eq-HSTstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_eq-HST[0.0/1.3]? Lower uncertainty in eq-HSTstat.errorfloatnullableeq-HST+Sp[-2844.3/289.5]? Recovered Param value from HST & Spitzer equilibrium spectrastat.valuedoublenullableE_eq-HST+Sp[0.0/1.3]? Upper uncertainty in eq-HST+Spstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_eq-HST+Sp[0.0/1.2]? Lower uncertainty in eq-HST+Spstat.errorfloatnullablel_Free-TransLimit flag on Free-Transmeta.code.errorcharFree-Trans[-8.2/209.8]? Recovered Param value from free transit spectrastat.valuefloatnullableE_Free-Trans[0.2/2.6]? Upper uncertainty in Free-Transstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_Free-Trans[0.2/4.7]? Lower uncertainty in Free-Transstat.errorfloatnullableeq-Trans[-0.4/210.8]? Recovered Param value from equilibrium spectrastat.valuefloatnullableE_eq-Trans[0.2/1.2]? Upper uncertainty in eq-Transstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_eq-Trans[0.2/1.1]? Lower uncertainty in eq-Transstat.errorfloatnullable