J/ApJS/259/12ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/259/12doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.22590012CDSWang Y.Gao J.Ren Yi2024-06-10T14:37:11Z2022-06-27T09:55:34ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frsupergiant-starsob-starsstellar-spectral-typesgalaxiesextinctioninfrared-photometryvisible-astronomybroad-band-photometryultraviolet-astronomyThe dust extinction laws and dust properties in M31 are explored with a sample of reddened O-type and B-type supergiants obtained from the Local Group Galaxies Survey (LGGS). The observed spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for each tracer are constructed with multiband photometry from the LGGS, PS1 Survey, UKIRT, PHAT Survey, Swift/UVOT, and XMM-SUSS. We model the SED for each tracer in combination with the intrinsic spectrum obtained from the stellar model atmosphere extinguished by the model extinction curves. Instead of mathematically parameterizing the extinction functions, the model extinction curves in this work are directly derived from the silicate-graphite dust model with a dust size distribution of dn/da~a^-{alpha}^exp(-a/0.25), 0.005<a<5um. The extinction tracers are distributed along the arms in M31, with the derived Milky Way (MW)-type extinction curves covering a wide range of R_V_ (~2-6), indicating the complexity of the interstellar environment and the inhomogeneous distribution of interstellar dust in M31. The average extinction curve with R_V_~3.51 and dust size distribution dn/da~a^-3.35^exp(-a/0.25) is similar to that of the MW but rises slightly less steeply in the far-UV bands, implying that the overall interstellar environment in M31 resembles the diffuse region in the MW. The extinction in the V band of M31 is up to 3mag, with a median value of A_V_~1mag. The multiband extinction values from the UV to IR bands are also predicted for M31, which will provide a general extinction correction for future works.2022ApJS..259...12Whttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/259/12CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/swift : Swift Master Catalog (HEASARC, 2004-)II/339 : Swift/UVOT Serendipitous Source Catalog (Yershov, 2015)II/349 : The Pan-STARRS release 1 (PS1) Survey - DR1 (Chambers+, 2016)II/356 : XMM-OM Serendipitous Source Survey Cat. (XMM-SUSS4.1) (Page+ 2019)II/370 : XMM-OM Serendipitous Source Survey Cat. (XMM-SUSS5.0) (Page+, 2021)J/A+A/457/637 : UBVJHK synthetic phot. of Galactic O stars (Martins+, 2006)J/AJ/131/2478 : M31 and M33 UBVRI photometry (Massey+, 2006)J/AJ/134/2474 : Ha emission-line stars in 7 dwarfs galaxies (Massey+, 2007)J/AJ/133/2393 : UBVRI phot. in 7 Local Group dwarfs galaxies (Massey+, 2007)J/A+A/487/131 : JHKs photometry of LPVs in M33 (Cioni+, 2008)J/ApJ/733/91 : Diffuse interstellar band equivalent widths (Xiang+, 2011)J/AJ/144/142 : HST photometry of young stars in M31 (Bianchi+, 2012)J/ApJ/758/133 : Metallicity profile of M31 HII reg. & PNe (Sanders+, 2012)J/ApJ/750/99 : The Pan-STARRS1 photometric system (Tonry+, 2012)J/MNRAS/443/2907 : 3D extinction map of northern Galactic plane (Sale+, 2014)J/ApJS/215/9 : PHAT X. UV-IR photometry of M31 stars (Williams+, 2014)J/MNRAS/449/741 : The massive star population of Cygnus OB2 (Wright+, 2015)J/MNRAS/459/2262 : Maps of dust distribution in M31 bulge (Dong+, 2016)J/AJ/152/62 : Revised LGGS UBVRI phot. of M31 & M33 stars (Massey+, 2016)J/ApJS/241/32 : OB stars from the LAMOST DR5 spectra (Liu+, 2019)J/ApJ/889/44 : UKIRT obs. of red supergiants in M31 (Neugent+, 2020)J/ApJ/893/11 : Massive star variability in M31 from iPTF (Soraisam+, 2020)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/259/12https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/259/12http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/259/12https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/259/12https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/259/12http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/259/12GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJS/259/12/table2 (An extracted list of the selected tracers in the with spectral type, fitting parameters, derived E(B-V), R_V_ and information about the observed photometry adopted in this work)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/259/12/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/259/12/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/259/12/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true10.2877540.81741670.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJS/259/12/table6 (An extracted list of multiband extinction values for individual tracers)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/259/12/table6?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/259/12/table6?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/259/12/table6?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true10.287708340.81738890.0055555555555555566/2622-2623 2666 2705 2708-2709 27528.297946179207444e-20 7.886974166154988e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJS/259/12?format=asciiUVOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/ApJS/259/12/table2An extracted list of the selected tracers in the with spectral type, fitting parameters, derived E(B-V), R_V_ and information about the observed photometry adopted in this workrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSEDUV-NIR SED plot of this starmeta.ref.urlchare_F(UVM2-XMM)? Error in F (UVM2/UVOT)10mW.m**-2.nm**-1stat.errordoublenullableF160Wmag[16.43/19.5]? HST/WFC3 F160W band VEGA magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.HfloatnullableJmag[15.8/19]? UKIRT/WFCAM J band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.JfloatnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharLGGSID from LGGS (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s)meta.id;meta.maincharprimarySpTypeSpectral typesrc.spTypecharalpha[2.6/6] Exponent in dust size distributionstat.fit.paramfloate_alpha[0.03/2.3] Lower uncertainty, alphastat.error;pos.eq.rafloatE_alpha[0.03/1.3] Upper uncertainty, alphastat.error;stat.maxfloatlogTeff[4/4.6] Effective temperature, loglog(K)phys.temperature.effectivefloate_logTeff[0/0.2] Lower uncertainty, logTefflog(K)stat.error;phys.temperature.effectivefloatE_logTeff[0/0.06] Upper uncertainty, logTefflog(K)stat.error;stat.maxfloatlogg[2.25/3.51] Surface gravity, loglog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloate_logg[0.06/0.2] Lower uncertainty, logglog(cm.s**-2)stat.errorfloatE_logg[0.03/0.2] Upper uncertainty, logglog(cm.s**-2)stat.error;stat.maxfloatAv[0.3/3] Extinction in V bandmagphys.absorptionfloate_Av[0.03/0.3] Lower uncertainty, Avmagstat.errorfloatE_Av[0.03/0.4] Upper uncertainty, Avmagstat.error;stat.maxfloatE(B-V)[0.16/1.03] The color excessmagphot.color.excessfloatRv[1.9/6.8] The total-to-selective extinction ratiophys.absorption.gal;arith.ratiofloatNbands[5/24] The number of passbands used in calculationmeta.numberintpcFlagFlag for the coverage of passbands adopted in the calculation (G1)meta.codecharF(UVW2-XMM)? Source flux in XMM/UVW2 filter10mW.m**-2.nm**-1phot.flux;em.UVdoublenullablee_F(UVW2-XMM)? Error in F (UVW2/UVOT)10mW.m**-2.nm**-1stat.errordoublenullableF(UVM2-XMM)? Source flux in XMM/UVM2 filter10mW.m**-2.nm**-1phot.flux;em.UVdoublenullableF(UVW1-XMM)? Source flux in XMM/UVW1 filter10mW.m**-2.nm**-1phot.flux;em.UVdoublenullableF275Wmag[15.53/19.2]? HST/WFC3 F275W band VEGA magnitudemagphot.mag;em.UV.200-300nmfloatnullableF336Wmag[16.5/18.9]? HST/WFC3 F336W band VEGA magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.UfloatnullableF475Wmag[16.53/19.7]? HST/ACS F475W band VEGA magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.BfloatnullableF814Wmag[16.32/19.4]? HST/ACS F814W band VEGA magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.IfloatnullableF110Wmag[16.48/19.5]? HST/WFC3 F110W band VEGA magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_Jmag[0.01/0.2]? Error in Jmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableHmag[15.68/19.5]? UKIRT/WFCAM H band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_Hmag[0.01/0.168]? Error in Hmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableKmag[15.63/19.6]? UKIRT/WFCAM K band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_Kmag[0.01/0.3]? Error in Kmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableVmag[16.14/20.16] LGGS V band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Vfloate_Vmag[0.003/0.02] Error in Vmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloat(B-V)[-0.08/0.8] LGGS B-V color indexmagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.Vfloate_(B-V)[0.003/0.02] Error in (B-V)magstat.errorfloat(U-B)[-1.03/-0.18] LGGS U-B color indexmagphot.color;em.opt.U;em.opt.Bfloate_(U-B)[0.003/0.02] Error in (U-B)magstat.errorfloat(V-R)[0.001/0.5] LGGS V-R color indexmagphot.color;em.opt.V;em.opt.Rfloate_(V-R)[0.003/0.02] Error in (V-R)magstat.errorfloat(R-I)[-0.09/0.6]? LGGS R-I color indexmagphot.color;em.opt.R;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_(R-I)[0.003/0.02]? Error in (R-I)magstat.errorfloatnullablegmag[17/20.1]? PS1 g band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloatnullablee_gmag[0.002/0.04]? Error in gmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullablermag[17/20.2]? PS1 r band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatnullablee_rmag[0.003/0.03]? Error in rmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableimag[17.2/20.4]? PS1 i band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_imag[0/0.04]? Error in imagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullablezmag[17.26/20.4]? PS1 z band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_zmag[0.004/0.1]? Error in zmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableymag[17.29/20.14]? PS1 y band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_ymag[0.005/0.1]? Error in ymagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableF(UVW2/UVOT)? UVOT/UVW2 flux10mW.m**-2.nm**-1phot.flux;em.UVdoublenullablee_F(UVW2/UVOT)? Error in F (UVW2/UVOT)10mW.m**-2.nm**-1stat.errordoublenullableF(UVM2/UVOT)? UVOT/UVM2 flux10mW.m**-2.nm**-1phot.flux;em.UVdoublenullablee_F(UVM2/UVOT)? Error in F (UVM2/UVOT)10mW.m**-2.nm**-1stat.errordoublenullableF(UVW1/UVOT)? UVOT/UVW1 flux10mW.m**-2.nm**-1phot.flux;em.UVdoublenullablee_F(UVW1/UVOT)? Error in F (UVW1/UVOT)10mW.m**-2.nm**-1stat.errordoublenullableM16Display data from Massey+, 2016, J/AJ/152/62meta.ref.urlcharPS1Display data from the PS1 (II/349) within 1"meta.ref.urlcharPHATDisplay data from the PHAT. Paper X. (Williams+, 2014, J/ApJS/215/9) within 0.3"meta.ref.urlcharXSUSSDisplay data from the XMM-SUSS5.0 catalog (II/370) within 3"meta.ref.urlcharUVOTDisplay data from the Swift/UVOT cat. (Yershov, 2015, II/339) within 3"meta.ref.urlchar_RAPositions from LGGS names (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from LGGS names (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.maine_F(UVW1-XMM)? Error in F (UVW1/XMM)10mW.m**-2.nm**-1stat.errorcharJ/ApJS/259/12/table6An extracted list of multiband extinction values for individual tracersSpTypeSpectral typesrc.spTypecharA(W1)[0.02/0.28] Extinction in W1/WISE bandmagphys.absorptionfloatLGGSID from LGGS (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s)meta.id;meta.maincharprimaryRAJ2000[0] Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[40/42] Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainalpha[2.6/6] Exponent in dust size distributionstat.fit.paramfloatE(B-V)[0.16/1.03] The color excessmagphot.color.excessfloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharA(B)[0.45/3.87] Extinction in B bandmagphys.absorptionfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintpcFlagFlag for the coverage of passbands adopted in the calculation (G1)meta.codecharA(V)[0.31/2.96] Extinction in V bandmagphys.absorptionfloatA(UVW2)[1.64/11.17] Extinction in UVW2/UVOT bandmagphys.absorptionfloatA(UVM2)[1.59/10.72] Extinction in UVM2/UVOT bandmagphys.absorptionfloatA(UVW1)[1.16/7.37] Extinction in UVW1/UVOT bandmagphys.absorptionfloatA(F275W)[1.13/7.19] Extinction in F275W/PHAT bandmagphys.absorptionfloatA(NUV)[1.04/6.55] Extinction in NUV/CSST bandmagphys.absorptionfloatA(F336W)[0.76/5.41] Extinction in F336W/PHAT bandmagphys.absorptionfloatA(U)[0.67/5.02] Extinction in U bandmagphys.absorptionfloatA(F475W)[0.4/3.55] Extinction in F475W/PHAT bandmagphys.absorptionfloatA(g)[0.4/3.57] Extinction in g/CSST bandmagphys.absorptionfloatA(r)[0.26/2.68] Extinction in r/CSST bandmagphys.absorptionfloatA(R)[0.23/2.45] Extinction in R bandmagphys.absorptionfloatA(i)[0.19/2.15] Extinction in i/CSST bandmagphys.absorptionfloatA(F814W)[0.17/2.04] Extinction in F814W/CSST bandmagphys.absorptionfloatA(I)[0.15/1.88] Extinction in I bandmagphys.absorptionfloatA(z)[0.14/1.75] Extinction in z/CSST bandmagphys.absorptionfloatA(y)[0.12/1.59] Extinction in y/CSST bandmagphys.absorptionfloatA(F110W)[0.1/1.38] Extinction in F110W/PHAT bandmagphys.absorptionfloatA(J)[0.09/1.24] Extinction in J/2MASS bandmagphys.absorptionfloatA(F160W)[0.06/0.96] Extinction in F160W/PHAT bandmagphys.absorptionfloatA(H)[0.05/0.86] Extinction in H/2MASS bandmagphys.absorptionfloatA(K)[0.04/0.59] Extinction in K/2MASS bandmagphys.absorptionfloatA([3.6])[0.02/0.26] Extinction in [3.6]/IRAC bandmagphys.absorptionfloatA([4.5])[0.01/0.15] Extinction in [4.5]/IRAC bandmagphys.absorptionfloatA(W2)[0.01/0.15] Extinction in W2/WISE bandmagphys.absorptionfloat