J/ApJS/255/10ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/255/10doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.22550010CDSMao L.Yi T.2022-03-10T07:36:58Z2021-11-25T15:13:15ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frseyfert-galaxiesinfrared-photometryredshiftedgamma-ray-astronomyFermi-LAT's detection of {gamma}-rays from narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLS1s) has received increasing attention. Understanding these {gamma}-NLS1s is of interest because they have some properties similar to blazars, which are known to show rapid and large-amplitude variability. Based on the largest sample of {gamma}-NLS1s (25 sources), we carried out a systematic search for rapid mid-infrared (MIR, 3.4 and 4.6{mu}m) variability using the multiepoch data of the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). We also compared a few variability properties between {gamma}-NLS1s and {gamma}-ray blazars. Our main results are as follows. (1) Thirteen {gamma}-NLS1s showed significant (>3{sigma}) rapid variability in at least one of the two MIR bands. The MIR emission of these sources is dominated by the synchrotron emission of relativistic electrons in the jet. (2) The {gamma}-NLS1s with flat radio spectra are more variable than those not detected in {gamma}-rays. (3) The {gamma}-NLS1s tend to show smaller amplitude of variability as well as lower duty cycle relative to {gamma}-ray blazars. (4) The {gamma}-NLS1s tend to show a trend of bluer-when-brighter on both intraday and long timescales, similar to {gamma}-ray blazars. (5) The {gamma}-NLS1s that are more variable on long timescales have larger amplitudes of variability and higher duty cycles on intraday timescales. (6) In the majority of cases, the {gamma}-NLS1s fall in the WISE Gamma-ray Blazar Strip (WGS). However, we noted migrations outside of the WGS due to significant variability.2021ApJS..255...10Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/255/10CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/311 : WISE All-Sky Data Release (Cutri+ 2012)II/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+ 2013)J/ApJS/166/128 : Narrow line Seyfert 1 galaxies from SDSS-DR3 (Zhou+, 2006)J/ApJS/166/470 : SDSS-Spitzer type I QSOs IR photometry (Richards+, 2006)J/A+A/487/475 : X-ray variability of AGNs in Lockman Hole (Papadakis+, 2008)J/ApJ/716/530 : Mid-IR variability from the SDWFS (Kozlowski+, 2010)J/ApJS/194/29 : Observations of blazars at 15GHz (Richards+, 2011)J/ApJ/748/68 : WISE IR colors of gamma-ray blazars (D'Abrusco+, 2012)J/ApJ/748/124 : AGN X-ray variability in the 4Ms catalog (Young+, 2012)J/MNRAS/438/3058 : 15GHz variability of {gamma}-ray blazars (Richards+, 2014)J/MNRAS/439/690 : Optical/{gamma}-ray variability in blazars (Hovatta+, 2014)J/ApJ/792/30 : NEOWISE magnitudes for near-Earth objects (Mainzer+, 2014)J/ApJ/795/58 : 1H 0323+342 rest frame opt. spectrum with GHAO (Leon+, 2014)J/A+A/573/A76 : Multifrequency study of NL Seyfert 1 galaxies (Jarvela+, 2015)J/ApJ/810/14 : Third catalog of LAT-detected AGNs (3LAC) (Ackermann+, 2015)J/ApJ/817/119 : Spitzer variability survey of Bootes field (Kozlowski+, 2016)J/ApJS/224/26 : SEDs of Roma BZCAT blazars (Mao+, 2016)J/AJ/152/12 : MOJAVE. XIII. New 15GHz obs. on 1994-2013 (Lister+, 2016)J/ApJS/229/39 : Narrow line Seyfert 1 galaxies from SDSS-DR12 (Rakshit+, 2017)J/A+A/614/L1 : NLS1 at 37GHz (Lahteenmaki+, 2018)J/A+A/615/A167 : Catalog of NLS1s galaxies in 6dFGS survey (Chen+, 2018)J/ApJ/881/L24 : Black hole masses of SDSS Seyfert 1 gal. (Viswanath+, 2019)J/ApJS/247/33 : The Fermi LAT fourth source catalog (4FGL) (Abdollahi+, 2020)J/ApJ/892/105 : 4th catalog of Fermi LAT-detected AGNs (4LAC) (Ajello+, 2020)http://wise2.ipac.caltech.edu/docs/release/neowise/neowise_2020_release_intro.html : NEOWISE 2020 data releasehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/255/10https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/255/10http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/255/10https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/255/10https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/255/10http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/255/10GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJS/255/10/gnls1 (Properties of 25 {gamma}-narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLS1s; Table 1) and AllWISE data (Table 2))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/255/10/gnls1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/255/10/gnls1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/255/10/gnls1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true7.9999.6050.0055555555555555566/893 4352 5306 5870 7183 7226 7245 8199 9245 9427 9893 10432 10551 10975 11065 11304 19109 19545 26303 26310 27243 28384 47419 490178.157980699529898e-21 6.513807192489934e-20https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJS/255/10?format=asciiGamma-rayInfrareddefaultJ/ApJS/255/10/gnls1Properties of 25 {gamma}-narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLS1s; Table 1) and AllWISE data (Table 2)SimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableVotherVariability result from other previous worksmeta.code;src.varcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1/25] Running sequence numbermeta.idintNirNumber of NIR measurements for this galaxy (link to Table 3)meta.numberintnullableNameName of the {gamma}-narrow-line Seyfert 1meta.id;meta.maincharprimaryNvarNumber of observational epoch for this galaxy (link to Table 4)meta.numberintnullablef_Named=high-confidence {gamma}-NLS1 candidatemeta.codecharRAJ2000[7.99/319.73] Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[-44.6/53.2] Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainz[0.061/1.004] Redshift from NEDsrc.redshiftfloatSpShape of radio spectrum (1)spect.dopplerVeloc.radiocharr_Sp? Reference on Sp (2)meta.refintnullableR[11/8140]? Radio-loudness estimationphot.flux;arith.ratiointnullabler_RReference on R (2)meta.refcharlogMbh[6.7/8.3] Logarithmic of black hole masslog(solMass)phys.massfloatr_logMbh[1/29] Reference on logMbh (2)meta.ref;pos.frameintVarVariability analysis result from this work (3)meta.code;src.varcharVJ12Variability result in MIR band from J12 (Jiang+ 2012ApJ...759L..31J) (3)meta.code;src.varcharVGMF18Variability result from GMF18 (Gabanyi+ 2018rnls.confE..42G) (3)meta.code;src.varcharr_Vother[3/23]? Reference on Vother (2)meta.ref;pos.frameintnullableRadVariability result in radio bandmeta.code;src.varcharOptVariability result optical bandmeta.code;src.varcharr_Opt[14/20]? Reference on Opt (2)meta.ref;pos.frameintnullableUVVariability result in UV bandmeta.code;src.varcharr_UV[20/23]? Reference on UV (2)meta.ref;pos.frameintnullableGeVVariability result in GeV bandmeta.code;src.varcharr_GeV[24/28]? Reference on GeV (2)meta.ref;pos.frameintnullableWISEAAllWISE counterpart namemeta.id.crosscharW1mag[10.74/14.83] WISE W1 (3.4um) band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloate_W1mag[0.02/0.04] Uncertainty on the W1magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatW2mag[9.79/13.83] WISE W2 (4.6um) band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloate_W2mag[0.02/0.04] Uncertainty on the W2magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatW3mag[7.17/10.9] WISE W3 (12um) band magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloate_W3mag[0.016/0.2] Uncertainty on the W3magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatW4mag[4.84/8.45] WISE W4 (22um) band magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umfloate_W4mag[0.027/0.4] Uncertainty on the W4magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatR17Display data from Rakshit+, 2017, J/ApJS/229/39 within 3"meta.ref.urlintnullableLCInteractive LC Plotmeta.ref.urlcharNEDNED column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharJ/ApJS/255/10/table3WISE multi-epoch data of 25 {gamma}-NLS1sMJD[55204.3/58830.3] Modified Julian Date; JD-2400000.5dtime.epochdoublerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of the {gamma}-narrow-line Seyfert 1meta.id;meta.maincharW1mag[10.51/15.3] WISE W1 band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloate_W1mag[0.015/0.2] Uncertainty in W1magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatW2mag[9.56/14.27] WISE W2 band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloate_W2mag[0.013/0.2] Uncertainty in W2magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatSNR1[7.1/73.5] W1 profile-fit measurement signal-to-noise ratiostat.snrfloatw1rchi2[0.2/10] Reduced chi-square of the W1 profile-fit photometry measurementstat.fit.chi2doubleSNR2[5.4/80.5] W2 profile-fit measurement signal-to-noise ratiostat.snrfloatw2rchi2[0.18/6.1] Reduced chi-square of the W2 profile-fit photometry measurementstat.fit.chi2doubleJ/ApJS/255/10/table4Variability analysis results of 25 {gamma}-NLS1sl_delta3.4Limit flag for delta3.4meta.code.errorcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of the {gamma}-narrow-line Seyfert 1meta.id;meta.maincharNep[1/17] Serial number of observational epochmeta.numberintl_V3.4Limit flag on V3.4meta.code.errorcharV3.4[0/100] WISE 3.4um variability indexmeta.code;meta.code.multipfloatl_V4.6Limit flag on V4.6meta.code.errorcharV4.6[0/100] WISE 4.6um variability indexmeta.code;meta.code.multipfloatdelta3.4[0] {Delta} metric for WISE 3.4um (always "0")stat.varianceintl_delta4.6Limit flag for delta4.6meta.code.errorchardelta4.6[0] {Delta} metric for WISE 4.6um (always "0")stat.varianceintl_sigma3.4Limit flag for sigma3.4meta.code.errorcharsigma3.4[3/27]? Significance level of W1 band variabilitystat.fit.goodnessintnullablel_sigma4.6Limit flag for sigma4.6meta.code.errorcharsigma4.6[3/19]? Significance level of W2 band variabilitystat.fit.goodnessintnullableNoteNote (1)meta.notechar