J/ApJS/253/44ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/253/44doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.22530044CDSRizzo J.R.Cernicharo J.Garcia-Miro C.2022-03-01T12:16:35Z2021-07-29T12:01:44ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgiant-starsastrophysical-masersradio-astronomyinterstellar-mediummillimeter-astronomyphotometrysubmillimeter-astronomyradio-sourcesCircumstellar environments of oxygen-rich stars are among the strongest SiO maser emitters. Physical processes such as collisions, infrared pumping, and overlaps favor the inversion of level population and produce maser emission at different vibrational states. Despite numerous observational and theoretical efforts, we still do not have a unified picture including all of the physical processes involved in SiO maser emission. The aim of this work is to provide homogeneous data in a large sample of oxygen-rich stars. We present a survey of 67 oxygen-rich stars from 7 to 1mm, in their rotational transitions from J=1-0 to J=5-4, for vibrational numbers v from 0 to 6 in the three main SiO isotopologs. We have used one of the 34 m NASA antennas at Robledo and the IRAM 30m radio telescope. The first tentative detection of a v=6 line is reported, as well as the detection of new maser lines. The highest vibrational levels seem confined to small volumes, presumably close to the stars. The J=1-0, v=2 line flux is greater than the corresponding v=1 in almost half of the sample, which may confirm a predicted dependence on the pulsation cycle. This database is potentially useful in models which should consider most of the physical agents, time dependency, and mass-loss rates. As a by-product, we report detections of 27 thermal rotational lines from other molecules, including isotopologs of SiS, H_2_S, SO, SO_2_, and NaCl.2021ApJS..253...44Rhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/253/44CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/285/247 : Molecules in O- and C-rich envelopes (Bujarrabal+ 1994)J/A+A/329/219 : 28SiO in O-rich evolved stars (Pardo+ 1998)J/A+A/470/191 : Mid-IR and radio interferometry of S Ori (Wittkowski+, 2007)J/ApJS/190/348 : 1mm spectral survey of IRC+10216 & VY CMa (Tenenbaum+, 2010)J/ApJ/728/149 : Polarized SiO masers of VX Sgr (Vlemmings+, 2011)J/ApJ/794/81 : Maser and IR studies of oxygen-rich AGB stars (Yung+, 2014)J/A+A/592/A76 : VY CMa ALMA NaCl images (Decin+, 2016)J/MNRAS/466/1963 : Silicate in O-rich evolved stars (Liu+, 2017)J/A+A/597/A25 : IK Tau millimeter IRAM-30m line survey (Velilla Prieto+, 2017)J/A+A/615/A8 : APEX spectrum of R Dor (159.0-368.5GHz) (De Beck+, 2018)J/A+A/641/A57 : Oxygen-rich AGB IRAM spectra (Massalkhi+, 2020)J/A+A/642/A213 : SiO maser emission in evolved stars (Gomez-Garrido+, 2020)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/253/44https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/253/44http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/253/44https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/253/44https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/253/44http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/253/44GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJS/253/44/stars (List of observed stars; table added by CDS)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/253/44/stars?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/253/44/stars?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/253/44/stars?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.839166755.68116670.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJS/253/44/table2 (Sources observed)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/253/44/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/253/44/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/253/44/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.839166755.68116670.0055555555555555566/181 194 592 631 774 1212 1986 2031 2203 2500 2528 2694 2732 2990 2994 3198 3262 3311 3333 3666 3729 3801 4355 4972 5647 7619 8532 8603 8926 9074 11747 13813 14306 14457 14674 15650 16132 17192 17716 18364 22333 23394 23471 23488 23611 23739 24151 26070 26327 26360 26654 27519 28072 28113 28917 29504 29877 29963 30087 30591 30606 31664 31837 32331 39905 43890 44018https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJS/253/44?format=asciiMillimeterRadiodefaultJ/ApJS/253/44/starsList of observed stars; table added by CDSSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSourceSource identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryRAJ2000Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainNobsNumber of observations (link to Table 2)meta.numberintnullableNdNumber of detections (link to Table 4) and average (link to Table 5)meta.numberintnullableSpInteractive spectrum plotmeta.ref.urlcharJ/ApJS/253/44/table2Sources observedrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1/458] Internal index identifiermeta.idintSourceSource identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainVLSR[-70/58] Local Standard of Rest velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.lsrfloatDateObservation date in 2012; mm-ddtime.epoch;obscharTransThe J->J-1 transitionphot.color;phys.atmol.transitioncharf_Trans[ef] Flag on Trans (1)meta.codecharModeObservation mode (2)instr.setupcharVSpace[0.2/1.3] Velocity spacingkm/sphys.velocfloattInt[1/76] Total integration timemintime.expointrms[0.04/7.4] The 1{sigma} rms valueJystat.errorfloatPolPolarization (3)meta.codecharJ/ApJS/253/44/table4DetectionsSourceSource identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1/458] Internal index identifiermeta.idintTransTransition (G1)meta.id;phys.atmol.transitionFlux[0.38/10236] Flux densityJy.km/sphot.fluxdoublee_Flux[0.01/5.6] Uncertainty in FluxJy.km/sstat.error;phot.fluxfloatVLSR[-55.4/53.5] Local Standard of Rest velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.lsrfloate_VLSR[0.02/20.5] Uncertainty in VLSRkm/sstat.error;phys.veloc;pos.lsrfloatVmin[-78.2/52.8] Minimum velocitykm/sphys.veloc;stat.minfloatVmax[-52.8/66.6] Maximum velocitykm/sphys.veloc;stat.maxfloatCommIndividual comment(s)meta.notecharJ/ApJS/253/44/table5Detections after averagesSourceSource identifiermeta.id;meta.mainchare_Flux[0.01/2.7] Uncertainty in FluxJy.km/sstat.error;phot.fluxfloatVLSR[-52.1/52] Local Standard of Rest velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.lsrfloate_VLSR[0.03/4.2] Uncertainty in VLSRkm/sstat.error;phys.veloc;pos.lsrfloatVmin[-54/47] Minimum velocitykm/sphys.veloc;stat.minfloatVmax[-50/64.3] Maximum velocitykm/sphys.veloc;stat.maxfloatCommIndividual comment(s)meta.notecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDsAveraged internal index identifiermeta.id.assoccharTransTransition (G1)meta.id;phys.atmol.transitionFlux[0.35/38.2] Flux densityJy.km/sphot.fluxfloatJ/ApJS/253/44/fig1Full range spectra (data behind Figure 1)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1/458] Internal index identifiermeta.idintSourceSource identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharFreq[0/217600.08] Rest frequencyMHzem.freqdoubleFlux[-18.3/673]? Flux densityJyphot.fluxdoublenullable