J/ApJS/251/29ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/251/29doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.22510029CDSChick W.T.Kobulnicky H.A.Schurhammer D.P.Andrews J.E.Povich M.S.,Buser E.R.Dixon D.M.Lindman M.J.Munari S.A.Olivier G.M.,Sorber R.L.Wernke H.N.2021-07-05T08:27:54Z2021-03-04T12:30:17ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frnebulaestellar-spectral-typesradial-velocityvisible-astronomyspectroscopystellar-distanceinfrared-photometryextinctionline-intensitiesabsolute-magnitudeinterstellar-mediumArcuate mid-infrared nebulae known as stellar bow shock nebulae (SBNe) have been previously hypothesized to be supported by the strong stellar winds and/or luminosity of massive early-type stars. We present an optical spectroscopic survey of 84 stars identified from mid-infrared images as candidate SBN-supporting stars. Eighty-one of 84 sources, 96%, are O or early-B spectral types. K-band luminosities for a larger sample of 289 stars at the centers of bow shock nebulae are overwhelmingly consistent with OB stars. This affirms both that SBNe are supported by massive stars and that arcuate mid-infrared nebulae are reliable indicators of the presence of a massive star. The radial velocity dispersions of these systems and detections of double-lined systems indicate that at least 27 of the 74 systems with multiple observations (>36%) are candidate multiple-star systems. This rate is consistent with observed multiplicity rates of field OB stars detected with similar radial velocity surveys and lower than, but not inconsistent with, the multiplicity rates of OB stars in clusters and associations.2020ApJS..251...29Chttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/251/29CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toIII/135 : Henry Draper Catalogue and Extension (Cannon+ 1918-1924; ADC 1989)III/182 : HDE Charts: positions, proper motions (Nesterov+ 1995)I/259 : The Tycho-2 Catalogue (Hog+ 2000)I/284 : The USNO-B1.0 Catalog (Monet+ 2003)III/274 : Galactic O-Star Spectroscopic Survey (GOSSS) (Sota+, 2014)I/347 : Distances to 1.33 billion stars in Gaia DR2 (Bailer-Jones+, 2018)I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)J/ApJS/2/389 : Observations of O and B stars (Hiltner, 1956)J/ApJ/649/759 : Bubbles in the galactic disk (Churchwell+, 2006)J/ApJ/670/428 : Bubbles in the galactic disk. II. (Churchwell+, 2007)J/MNRAS/410/190 : Young runaway stars within 3kpc (Tetzlaff+, 2011)J/MNRAS/424/1925 : Spectrocopic Binarity of O and B type stars (Chini+, 2012)J/ApJ/751/4 : Rvel. of massive stars in Cyg OB2 (Kiminki+, 2012)J/A+A/543/A101 : OB stars in Cygnus OB2 association (Comeron+, 2012)J/ApJS/213/34 : Veloc. of Cygnus OB2 massive binaries (Kobulnicky+, 2014)J/MNRAS/446/3797 : Westerlund 2 UBVIc photometry (Hur+, 2015)J/A+A/578/A45 : E-BOSS. II. Catalogue second release (Peri+, 2015)J/ApJS/227/18 : Cand. stellar bowshock nebulae from MIR (Kobulnicky+, 2016)J/ApJ/817/113 : RIOTS4: survey of SMC field OB stars (Lamb+, 2016)J/ApJS/224/4 : GOSSS III. additional O-type systems (Maiz Apellaniz+, 2016)J/AJ/154/201 : IR data of stellar bowshock nebulae (Kobulnicky+, 2017)J/A+A/612/A50 : New massive members of Cygnus OB2 (Berlanas+, 2018)J/MNRAS/488/1141 : MW Project DR2 bubbles & bow shocks (Jayasinghe+, 2019)J/AJ/158/73 : OB stars & their bow shock nebulae (Kobulnicky+, 2019)J/A+A/624/A66 : Massive runaway and walkaway stars models (Renzo+, 2019)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/251/29https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/251/29http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/251/29https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/251/29https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/251/29http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/251/29GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJS/251/29/stars (Stellar sources observations (Table 1) and spectroscopic results (Table 2))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/251/29/stars?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/251/29/stars?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/251/29/stars?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true271.495125-14.19805560.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJS/251/29/tablea1 (Nonprogram and alternate stars (see Appendix))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/251/29/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/251/29/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/251/29/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true289.26237517.90161110.0055555555555555566/1781 1930 3607 3747 12970 12971 12974 12988 13033 13039 13226 14254 14263 14266 14267 14270 14312 14314 14317 14337 14353 14356 14357 14358 14365 14388 14409 14411 14416 14419 14431 14606 14615 14622 14631 14633 14636 14640 14643 14645 14656 14664 14668 14670 14671 14679 14685 14688 14689 14693 14694 14712 15362 15372 15392 15426 15432 15623 15634 15640 15642 15644 15680 15682 29467 29511 30331 30358 30421 30422 30594 30647 30654 30689 30690 30691 30693 30694 30695 30707 30718 30719 32071 32082 320858.650015785639275e-20 9.710690472292815e-20https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJS/251/29?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/ApJS/251/29/starsStellar sources observations (Table 1) and spectroscopic results (Table 2)f_K16[d1-3] Source flag (1)meta.codecharE_Dist[17/3093]? Upper uncertainty on Distpcstat.error;stat.maxintnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintK16[54/372] Nebular source identification number from K16 (G1)meta.id;meta.mainintm_K16[*] *: central star (always the case)meta.code.multipcharn_K16[abc, ] Source flag(s) (1)meta.notecharNameGeneric name of central star in Galactic coordinates (GLLL.llll+BB.bbbb)meta.idcharONameAlternate name for star, where availablemeta.idcharGaiaGaia DR2 source identifiermeta.id.crossRA_ICRSHour of Right Ascension (ICRS) at epoch=2015.5pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDE_ICRSDegree of Declination (ICRS) at epoch=2015.5pos.eq.dec;meta.mainHJD1[175.8/1694.7] Heliocentric Julian date of observation 1, HJD-2457000dtime.epochfloatHJD2? Heliocentric Julian date of observation 2, HJD-2457000dtime.epochfloatnullableHJD3? Heliocentric Julian date of observation 3, HJD-2457000dtime.epochfloatnullableHJD4? Heliocentric Julian date of observation 4, HJD-2457000dtime.epochfloatnullableHJD5? Heliocentric Julian date of observation 5, HJD-2457000dtime.epochfloatnullableHJD6? Heliocentric Julian date of observation 6, HJD-2457000dtime.epochfloatnullableHJD7? Heliocentric Julian date of observation 7, HJD-2457000dtime.epochfloatnullableHJD8? Heliocentric Julian date of observation 8, HJD-2457000dtime.epochfloatnullableHJD9? Heliocentric Julian date of observation 9, HJD-2457000dtime.epochfloatnullableHJD10? Heliocentric Julian date of observation 10, HJD-2457000dtime.epochfloatnullableHJD11? Heliocentric Julian date of observation 11, HJD-2457000dtime.epochfloatnullableDist[310/11687]? Bailer-Jones et al. (I/347) distance estimatepcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricintnullablee_Dist[15/2227]? Lower uncertainty on Distpcstat.errorintnullableRUWE[0.84/45.87]? DR2 re-normalized unit weight error (G2)stat.errorfloatnullableKsmag[4.62/14.48] 2MASS Ks-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.KfloatAk[-0.06/1.05] Estimated K-band extinctionmagphys.absorptionfloatKMAG[-7.69/1.63]? Calculated absolute K-band magnitudemagphot.magfloatnullableE_KMAG[0.04/3.15]? Upper uncertainty on KMAGmagstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_KMAG[0.04/2.9]? Lower uncertainty on KMAGmagstat.errorfloatnullablel_EWHeIILimit flag on EWHeIImeta.code.errorcharEWHeII[0.01/1.19]? HeII 5411{AA} equivalent width0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_EWHeII[0.01/0.3]? Uncertainty in EWHeII0.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableEWHeI[0.31/1.34]? HeI 5876{AA} equivalent width0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_EWHeI[0.01/0.52]? Uncertainty in EWHeI0.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableSpTStellar spectral Typesrc.spTypecharSpT-litLiterature spectral typesrc.spTypecharr_SpT-lit[a-n] Reference for SpT-lit (2)meta.ref;pos.framecharHRV[-118/196]? Mean heliocentric radial velocitykm/sspect.dopplerVeloc;stat.meanintnullablee_HRV[1/24]? Uncertainty in HRVkm/sstat.errorintnullablermsRV[0/111]? RMS radial velocitykm/sstat.stdev;phys.velocintnullablePrv1[0.0/0.966]? Probability, single star radial velocity dispersionstat.fit.goodnessfloatnullablef_Prv1[d] d = Double-lined spectroscopic binary (see Figure 11 for details)meta.codecharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) at Epoch=J2015.5 (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)pos.eq.ranullableindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) at Epoch=J2015.5 (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)pos.eq.decnullableindexedJ/ApJS/251/29/tablea1Nonprogram and alternate stars (see Appendix)SimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharSpTStellar spectral typesrc.spTypecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameGeneric name of central star in Galactic coordinatesmeta.id;meta.maincharK16[289/350]? Alternate candidate central star observed for K16 nebula number (G1)meta.idintnullableONameAlternate name for star, where availablemeta.idcharRA_ICRS[19/22] Hour of Right Ascension (ICRS) at epoch=2015.5pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDE_ICRS[17/61] Degree of Declination (ICRS) at epoch=2015.5pos.eq.dec;meta.mainGaiaGaia DR2 source identifiermeta.id.crossDist[437/7190] Bailer-Jones et al. (2018, I/347) distance estimatepcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricintE_Dist[8/2726] Upper uncertainty on Distpcstat.error;stat.maxinte_Dist[8/1994] Lower uncertainty on Distpcstat.errorintRUWE[0.7/40.4] DR2 re-normalized unit weight error (G2)stat.errordoubleKsmag[7.5/11.7] 2MASS Ks-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.KfloatEWHeI[0.16/1.1]? HeI 5876{AA} equivalent width0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_EWHeI[0.01/0.1]? Uncertainty in EWHeI0.1nmstat.errorfloatnullablel_EWHeIILimit flag on EWHeIImeta.code.errorcharEWHeII[0.02/1.1]? HeII 5411{AA} equivalent width0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_EWHeII[0.01/0.1]? Uncertainty in EWHeII0.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableSpT-litLiterature spectral typesrc.spTypecharr_SpT-lit[a-e] Reference for SpT-lit (1)meta.ref;pos.framechar_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) at Epoch=J2015.5 (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)pos.eq.ranullableindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) at Epoch=J2015.5 (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)pos.eq.decnullableindexed