J/ApJS/245/32ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/245/32doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.22450032CDSLiu L.Pang X.2021-09-06T18:42:06Z2020-06-09T12:09:26ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fropen-star-clustersmilky-way-galaxyproper-motionsvisible-astronomytrigonometric-parallaxstellar-ageschemical-abundancesastronomical-object-identificationstellar-associationsWe present the Star cluster Hunting Pipeline (SHiP) that can identify star clusters in Gaia second data release (DR2) data and establish a star cluster catalog for the Galactic disk. A friend-of-friend-based cluster finder method is used to identify star clusters using five-dimensional stellar parameters, l,b,{omega},{mu}_{alpha}_cos{delta}, and {mu}_{delta}_. Our new catalog contains 2443 star cluster candidates identified from disk stars located within |b|=25{deg} and with G<18mag. An automatic isochrone fitting scheme is applied to all cluster candidates. With a combination of parameters obtained from isochrone fitting, we classify cluster candidates into three classes (Class 1, 2, and 3). Class 1 clusters are the most probable star cluster candidates with the most stringent criteria. Most of these clusters are nearby (within 4kpc). Our catalog is crossmatched with three Galactic star cluster catalogs, Kharchenko+ (2013, J/A+A/558/A53), Cantat-Gaudin+ (2018, J/A+A/618/A93 and 2019, J/A+A/624/A126), and Bica+ (2019, J/AJ/157/12). The proper motion and parallax of matched star clusters are in good agreement with these earlier catalogs. We discover 76 new star cluster candidates that are not listed in these three catalogs. The majority of these are clusters older than log(age/yr)=8.0 and are located in the inner disk with |b|<5{deg}. The recent discovery of new star clusters suggests that current Galactic star cluster catalogs are still incomplete. Among the Class 1 cluster candidates, we find 56 candidates for star cluster groups.2019ApJS..245...32Lhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/245/32CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/ocl : Optically visible open clusters and Candidates (Dias+ 2002-2015)I/317 : The PPMXL Catalog (Roeser+ 2010)I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)J/A+A/477/165 : Nearby open clusters tidal radii and masses (Piskunov+, 2008)J/A+A/543/A156 : Milky Way global survey of star clusters (Kharchenko+, 2012)J/A+A/558/A53 : MW global survey of star clusters. II. (Kharchenko+, 2013)J/ApJ/783/130 : Parallaxes of high mass star forming regions (Reid+, 2014)J/A+A/600/A106 : RAVE open cluster pairs, groups and complexes (Conrad+, 2017)J/A+A/601/A19 : Gaia DR1 open cluster members (Gaia+, 2017)J/A+A/615/A12 : 24 nearby open clusters TGAS and HSOY reanalysis (Yen+, 2018)J/A+A/615/A49 : TGAS stars membership in 128 open cl. (Cantat-Gaudin+, 2018)J/A+A/618/A93 : Gaia DR2 open clusters in the Milky Way (Cantat-Gaudin+, 2018)J/A+A/618/A59 : Gaia DR2 confirmed new nearby open cl. (Castro-Ginard+, 2018)J/A+A/619/A155 : Open cluster kinematics with Gaia DR2 (Soubiran+, 2018)J/AJ/157/12 : Star clusters, assoc., & candidates in the MW (Bica+, 2019)J/A+A/623/A108 : Age of 269 GDR2 open clusters (Bossini+, 2019)J/A+A/624/A126 : New open clusters in Perseus direction (Cantat-Gaudin+, 2019)J/A+A/627/A35 : New open clusters in Gal. anti-centre (Castro-Ginard+, 2019)J/A+A/633/A99 : Gaia DR2 open clusters in the MW. II (Cantat-Gaudin+, 2020)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/245/32https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/245/32http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/245/32https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/245/32https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/245/32http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/245/32GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJS/245/32/table1 (Parameters of the 2443 star cluster candidates identified by the Star cluster Hunting Pipeline (SHiP) in this work)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/245/32/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/245/32/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/245/32/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true78.1381916.709570.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJS/245/32/table3 (The 76 new star cluster candidates classified as Class 1 (likely genuine star clusters))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/245/32/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/245/32/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/245/32/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true156.14482-72.507960.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJS/245/32/group (*Star cluster group candidate members)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/245/32/group?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/245/32/group?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/245/32/group?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true111.84433-23.944890.0055555555555555565/766 824 826 827 828 830 834 908 909 913 914 920 3242 3243 3603 3606 3607 3660 5388 7561 7660 9311 9333 9335 9337 9433 9435 9436 9473 9476 9481 9482 9505 9608 9809 9851 9852 9854 9940 9951 10418 10754 10755 6/1267 1325 1335 1379 1385 1423 1425 1426 1428 1430 1433 1445 1446 1457 1461 1462 1464 1481 1482 1486 1514 1582 1653 1661 1662 1717 1741 1757 1782 1783 1794 1801 1807 1819 1824 1825 1839 1840 1853 1890 1913 1923 1930 1954 1956 1967 1976 2395 2436 2940 2942 2994 3004 3009 3011 3030 3033 3034 3035 3036 3038 3040 3043 3045 3047 3050 3051 3052 3054 3055 3056 3057 3059 3060 3062 3063 3068 3076 3091 3142 3147 3149 3165 3167 3168 3170 3186 3197 3252 3253 3255 3257 3258 3259 3260 3261 3263 3270 3274 3275 3279 3280 3300 3301 3303 3317 3325 3329 3330 3331 3332 3335 3340 3362 3372 3384 3461 3493 3584 3593 3596 3598 3599 3604 3605 3608 3611 3612 3614 3615 3619 3621 3622 3623 3625 3626 3627 3628 3629 3631 3640 3641 3642 3644 3645 3649 3651 3660 3662 3664 3684 3688 3690 3712 3713 3715 3718 3719 3720 3721 3723 3724 3727 3732 3738 3739 3743 3755 3783 3796 3849 3878 3974 4078 6149 6313 6799 6810 6817 6834 6881 6894 12943 12955 12962 12963 12984 12985 12987 12990 13035 13040 13048 13050 13055 13096 13198 13291 13556 13559 13952 13962 13994 13996 14013 14014 14029 14033 14073 14103 14134 14162 14175 14206 14210 14221 14225 14238 14239 14242 14243 14246 14249 14252 14254 14255 14259 14262 14263 14266 14267 14268 14270 14271 14280 14288 14293 14295 14298 14301 14302 14303 14306 14308 14309 14310 14314 14315 14316 14320 14322 14324 14325 14330 14336 14337 14339 14344 14346 14351 14353 14354 14355 14356 14358 14360 14373 14388 14400 14402 14403 14404 14406 14409 14410 14433 14435 14449 14452 14453 14455 14489 14553 14575 14602 14603 14604 14606 14622 14624 14627 14628 14629 14630 14632 14638 14645 14646 14647 14648 14652 14684 14686 14690 14691 14692 14696 14697 14698 14711 14712 14715 14716 14717 14730 14732 14740 14752 14792 14800 14878 15121 15363 15364 15366 15369 15371 15372 15373 15374 15376 15379 15382 15384 15385 15387 15388 15396 15409 15412 15417 15425 15430 15431 15432 15436 15437 15438 15440 15442 15443 15447 15448 15449 15468 15473 15478 15485 15497 15520 15568 15595 15617 15621 15622 15623 15625 15632 15633 15640 15648 15650 15652 15653 15662 15664 15667 15671 15677 15683 15687 15693 15696 15706 15711 15759 20562 20761 20797 20804 20818 20820 20821 20823 20833 20838 20853 20854 20863 20903 20924 20940 20951 20955 20957 20966 20989 21338 21369 21402 21428 21438 21458 21506 21509 21513 21517 21519 21522 21523 21528 21529 21531 21538 21540 21548 21549 21550 21557 21558 21560 21561 21562 21586 21602 21633 21635 21643 21647 21654 21656 21657 21658 21680 21682 21686 21691 21694 21695 21698 21699 21704 21706 21719 21730 21740 21741 21774 21927 22021 22032 22034 22038 22053 22058 22065 22068 22071 22078 22079 22084 22085 22091 22094 22097 22112 22121 22123 22126 22130 22146 22165 22210 22211 22212 22214 22216 22235 22238 22239 22245 22249 22257 22259 22314 22499 22858 22859 22860 22863 22871 22873 22889 22895 22993 23410 23580 23620 23621 23626 23629 23631 23632 23637 23638 23642 23645 23663 23665 23679 23696 23717 23745 23761 23765 23768 23769 23784 23840 23841 23852 23906 23936 23937 23940 23941 23943 23976 23979 23994 23995 23996 24032 24057 24121 24123 24228 24291 24326 24333 24344 24345 24347 24348 24359 24361 24369 24372 24374 24375 24381 24383 24465 28705 28711 28715 28741 28800 28802 28803 28806 28807 28809 28811 28812 28818 28822 28823 28824 28825 28828 28830 28838 28868 28874 28876 28879 28882 28889 28890 28891 28895 28900 28901 28912 28913 28914 28916 28918 28919 28970 28973 29032 29033 29066 29078 29081 29082 29088 29094 29100 29101 29106 29109 29112 29115 29121 29154 29158 29160 29163 29167 29216 29269 29294 29377 29456 29457 29463 29497 29498 29504 29505 29507 29509 29510 29511 29513 29523 29524 29533 29636 29637 29653 29728 29868 30208 30210 30215 30217 30219 30220 30222 30223 30227 30232 30234 30235 30256 30258 30259 30264 30265 30270 30271 30283 30306 30307 30308 30310 30312 30313 30321 30332 30334 30335 30427 30439 30461 30510 30626 30630 30635 30637 30646 30647 30648 30649 30653 30654 30686 30692 30697 30700 30701 30704 30708 30711 30716 30719 30769 30998 31019 31043 31756 31790 31812 32065 32084 32089 32111 36956 37161 37230 37231 37235 37237 37239 37294 37297 37327 37329 37331 37337 37339 37353 37361 37364 37370 37373 37375 37592 37701 37702 37705 37707 37712 37717 37718 37721 37722 37724 37725 37726 37731 37737 37739 37748 37750 37751 37752 37753 37789 37790 37821 37839 37841 37859 37861 37863 37865 37867 37868 37869 37870 37882 37886 37897 37901 37902 37903 37910 37912 37913 37914 37919 37920 37922 37923 37932 37933 37934 37936 37942 37944 37948 37971 38016 38018 38019 38024 38025 38026 38041 38051 38073 38242 38408 38410 38411 38412 38414 38441 38465 38536 38537 38560 38638 39131 39160 39177 39181 39189 39191 39196 39204 39216 39217 39232 39233 39241 39244 39245 39249 39251 39254 39255 39257 39259 39270 39271 39274 39276 39282 39283 39284 39286 39287 39290 39297 39317 39326 39327 39355 39356 39359 39367 39371 39373 39374 39375 39378 39386 39390 39393 39396 39399 39412 39415 39420 39423 39548 39696 39709 39714 39715 39739 39748 39749 39751 39752 39754 39756 39757 39764 39766 39767 39769 39770 39771 39774 39775 39776 39777 39779 39781 39782 39785 39788 39789 39793 39795 39796 39797 39798 39801 39867 39871 39875 39879 39882 39883 39888 39892 39894 39895 39906 39907 39919 39920 39921 39925 39931 39934 39935 39946 39956 39977 40071 40101 40104 40105 40106 40457 40490 40579 40580 40587 40601 40603 40609 40610 40611 40615 40616 40618 40619 40620 40623 40625 40631 40696 41304 41445 41455 41461 41466 41467 41507 41522 41557 41558 41577 41582 41583 41595 41599 41613 41620 41630 41631 41643 41645 41646 41647 41649 41651 41653 41655 41657 41666 41667 41670 41676 41678 41688 41691 41696 41698 41699 41710 41711 41740 41747 41753 41754 41756 41758 41762 41764 41765 41768 41769 41770 41773 41775 41777 41789 41799 41808 41809 41812 41813 41829 41834 41852 41863 41878 41893 41922 41995 42076 42127 42135 42151 42153 42155 42157 42159 42163 42164 42166 42170 42171 42172 42173 42177 42197 42203 42208 42209 42211 42213 42216 42218 42225 42274 42278 42314 42351 42353 42365 42374 42376 42378 42379 42384 42387 42394 42399 42400 42402 42415 42416 42417 42420 42433 42434 42435 42437 42438 42452 42455 42464 42470 42476 42486 42496 42500 42522 42548 42583 42700 42841 42955 42964 43012 43024 43026 43032 43033 43034 43036 43040 43041 43042 43044 43048 43050 43052 43059 43136 43137 43140 43227 43301 47777 47825 47868 47971 48035https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJS/245/32?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJS/245/32/table1Parameters of the 2443 star cluster candidates identified by the Star cluster Hunting Pipeline (SHiP) in this workSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintID[0/2442] Friend of Friend identifiermeta.id;meta.mainintprimaryn_IDn: new (link to Table 3)meta.ref.urlcharGLONGalactic longitude (G1)degpos.galactic.lone_GLON[0.01/1.3] Uncerainty in GLONdegstat.errorfloatGLAT[-23.31/23.1] Galactic latitude (G1)degpos.galactic.late_GLAT[0.01/0.8] Uncerainty in GLATdegstat.errorfloatrmax[0.05/3.6] Maximum cluster member's distance to average positiondegpos.angDistancefloatplx[0.2/6.6] Parallax (G1)maspos.parallax.trigfloate_plx[0.006/0.3] The 1{sigma} uncertainty in plxmasstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatpmRA[-24.7/16] Proper motion along RA times cos(DE) (G1)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloate_pmRA[0.1/1.2] The 1{sigma} uncertainty in pmRAmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatpmDE[-26.7/23.4] Proper motion along DE (G1)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloate_pmDE[0.1/1.7] The 1{sigma} uncertainty in pmDEmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatnTot[50/10576] Total number of stars in primary samplemeta.numberintAge[0.004/12.9] Star cluster age (G2)Gyrtime.agefloate_Age[0.0002/0.8] The 1{sigma} uncertainty in AgeGyrstat.error;time.agefloatZ[-2/0.5] Metallicity (G2)log(Sun)phys.abund.ZfloatClass[1/3] Class code (1: likely genuine star cluster) (1)meta.code.classintK13[0/3005]? Kharchenko+ 2013, J/A+A/558/A53 identifier (G3)meta.id.crossintnullableCG18[2/1274]?=-1 Cantat-Gaudin+ 2018, J/A+A/618/A93 or 2019, J/A+A/624/A126 identifier (G3)meta.id.crossintnullableB19[10/10931]? Bica+ 2019, J/AJ/157/12 identifier (G3)meta.id.crossintnullableNameOther namemeta.idcharG1: member of a star cluster group candidatemeta.ref.urlintnullable_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.ranullableindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.decnullableindexedJ/ApJS/245/32/table3The 76 new star cluster candidates classified as Class 1 (likely genuine star clusters)Z[-2/0.5] Metallicity (G2)log(Sun)phys.abund.ZfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintID[5/2442] Friend of Friend identifiermeta.id;meta.mainintGLON[12.8/360] Galactic longitude (G1)degpos.galactic.lone_GLON[0.02/1.1] Uncerainty in GLONdegstat.errorfloatGLAT[-13.8/6.3] Galactic latitude (G1)degpos.galactic.late_GLAT[0.02/0.8] Uncerainty in GLATdegstat.errorfloatr[0.07/3.6] Cluster member's distance to average positiondegpos.angDistancefloatplx[0.2/5.7] Parallax (G1)maspos.parallax.trigfloate_plx[0.01/0.2] The 1{sigma} uncertainty in plxmasstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatpmRA[-12/3] Proper motion along RA times cos(DE) (G1)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloate_pmRA[0.1/1] The 1{sigma} uncertainty in pmRAmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatpmDE[-21.3/7.1] Proper motion along DE (G1)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloate_pmDE[0.1/1.1] The 1{sigma} uncertainty in pmDEmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatnTot[59/482] Total number of stars in primary samplemeta.numberintAge[0.006/3.2] Star cluster age (G2)Gyrtime.agefloate_Age[0.0004/0.2] The 1{sigma} uncertainty in AgeGyrstat.error;time.agefloat_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.ranullableindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.decnullableindexedJ/ApJS/245/32/group*Star cluster group candidate membersrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGroup[0/55] Group numbermeta.id.parentintNcNumber of members for this groupmeta.numberintnullableID[30/2441] Friend of Friend identifier of the clustermeta.id;meta.mainintGLON[9.8/358] Galactic longitude (G1)degpos.galactic.lone_GLON[0.03/0.9] Uncerainty in GLONdegstat.errorfloatGLAT[-21/17.2] Galactic latitude (G1)degpos.galactic.late_GLAT[0.02/0.6] Uncerainty in GLATdegstat.errorfloatr[0.1/3.4] Cluster member's distance to average positiondegpos.angDistancefloatplx[0.2/6.6] Parallax (G1)maspos.parallax.trigfloate_plx[0.013/0.2] The 1{sigma} uncertainty in plxmasstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatpmRA[-24.7/15.9] Proper motion along RA times cos(DE) (G1)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloate_pmRA[0.1/1.1] The 1{sigma} uncertainty in pmRAmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatpmDE[-26.7/23.4] Proper motion along DE (G1)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloate_pmDE[0.14/1.05] The 1{sigma} uncertainty in pmDEmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatnTot[54/1880] Total number of stars in primary samplemeta.numberintAge[0.005/12.9] Star cluster age (G2)Gyrtime.agefloatZ[-2/0.5] Metallicity (G2)log(Sun)phys.abund.ZfloatClass[1] Class code (always "1": n_G<17_>=50, t_age_>5Myr, r_n_<0.1, d^2^<0.05)meta.code.classintK13[16/2969]? Kharchenko+ 2013, J/A+A/558/A53 identifier (G3)meta.id.crossintnullableCG18[2/1273]?=-1 Cantat-Gaudin+ 2018, J/A+A/618/A93 or 2019, J/A+A/624/A126 identifier (G3)meta.id.crossintnullableB19[527/10861]? Bica+ 2019, J/AJ/157/12 identifier (G3)meta.id.crossintnullablex[-1959.3/4056] x valuepixpos.cartesian.xdoubley[-2680.2/2685] y valuepixpos.cartesian.ydoublez[-167.4/245.4] z valuepixpos.cartesian.zdouble_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.ranullableindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.decnullableindexed