J/ApJS/244/19ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/244/19doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.22440019CDSAlexandersen M.Benecchi S.D.Chen Y.-T.Eduardo M.R.Thirouin A.,Schwamb M.E.Lehner M.J.Wang S.-Y.Bannister M.T.Gladman B.J.,Gwyn S.D.J.Kavelaars JJ.Petit J.-M.Volk K.2020-04-16T13:24:50Z2020-03-19T10:12:47ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frasteroidsinfrared-photometryvisible-astronomyphotometryabsolute-magnitudeWe present variability measurements and partial light curves of trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) from a two-night pilot study using Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) on the Subaru Telescope (Maunakea, Hawaii, USA). Subaru's large aperture (8m) and HSC's large field of view (1.77deg^2^) allow us to obtain measurements of multiple objects with a range of magnitudes in each telescope pointing. We observed 65 objects with m_r_=22.6-25.5mag in just six pointings, allowing 20-24 visits of each pointing over the two nights. Our sample, all discovered in the recent Outer Solar System Origins Survey (OSSOS), spans absolute magnitudes of H_r_=6.2-10.8mag and thus investigates smaller objects than previous light curve projects have typically studied. Our data supports the existence of a correlation between the light curve amplitude and absolute magnitude seen in other works but does not support a correlation between the amplitude and orbital inclination. Our sample includes a number of objects from different dynamical populations within the trans-Neptunian region, but we do not find any relationship between variability and the dynamical class. We were only able to estimate periods for 12 objects in the sample and found that a longer baseline of observations is required for a reliable period analysis. We find that 31 objects (just under half of our sample) have variability of {Delta}_mag_ greater than 0.4mag during all of the observations; in smaller 1.25hr, 1.85hr, and 2.45hr windows, the median {Delta}_mag_ is 0.13, 0.16, and 0.19mag, respectively. The fact that variability on this scale is common for small TNOs has important implications for discovery surveys (such as OSSOS or the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope) and color measurements.2019ApJS..244...19Ahttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/244/19CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicerelated-toJ/AJ/127/3023 : R magnitudes of Kuiper Belt object 2001QG298 (Sheppard+, 2004)J/A+A/505/1283 : (84922) 2003 VS2 differential light curve (Duffard+, 2009)J/A+A/522/A93 : Short-term variability of 29 minor planets (Thirouin+, 2010)J/ApJS/189/336 : HST astrometry of TNOs (Benecchi+, 2010)J/ApJ/750/99 : The Pan-STARRS1 photometric system (Tonry+, 2012)J/A+A/569/A3 : Rotational properties of TNOs (Thirouin+, 2014)J/A+A/584/A96 : Observations of 50 TNOs and Centaurs (Desmars+, 2015)J/AJ/152/111 : A 2011-2013 survey of TNOs (Alexandersen+, 2016)J/AJ/152/70 : Outer Solar System Origins Survey (OSSOS) (Bannister+, 2016)J/AJ/153/116 : Trojan asteroids in the Kepler campaign 6 field (Ryan+, 2017)J/AJ/154/241 : Photom. of a Kuiper Belt object: 2002CC_249_ (Thirouin+, 2017)J/AJ/156/33 : Resonance sticking in the pop. of scattering TNOs (Yu+, 2018)J/ApJS/236/18 : OSSOS. VII. TNOs complete data release (Bannister+, 2018)J/AJ/157/120 : TNOs & Centaurs observed within the DES (Banda-Huarca+, 2019)J/AJ/157/228 : Cold Classical TNOs: LCs & rotational data (Thirouin+, 2019)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/244/19https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/244/19http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/244/19https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/244/19https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/244/19http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/244/19GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/ApJS/244/19/table2Summary of information about the objects in our sampleLCInteractive Plotmeta.ref.urlcharFieldField in which the target was observed (1)meta.id;obs.fieldcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDInternal OSSOS designation; see Bannister+ (2018, J/ApJS/236/18)meta.idchara[21.9/200.2] Barycentric semi-major axisauphys.angSize.smajAxis;src.orbitalfloate_a[0.001/0.5] Uncertainty in aaustat.errorfloate[0.01/0.8] Barycentric eccentricity (2)src.orbital.eccentricityfloati[0.4/40.4] Barycentric orbital inclination (2)degsrc.orbital.inclinationfloatClassDynamical classification of the objectmeta.code.class;pos.parallax.dyncharMPCMinor Planet Center designationmeta.id;meta.maincharprimarymrmag[22.6/25.7] Mean apparent magnitude, in m_r_-bandmagphot.mag;stat.mean;em.opt.Rfloate_mrmag[0.002/0.02] Uncertainty in mrmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatHrMag[6/11] Mean absolute magnitude, in H_r_-bandmagem.IR.Hfloatdmag[0.1/1.1] Maximum variation of magnitudes measured in this workmagsrc.var.amplitude;stat.maxfloate_dmag[0.01/0.09] Lower uncertainty on dmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatE_dmag[0.01/0.1] Upper uncertainty on dmagmagstat.error;stat.maxfloatsmag[0.02/0.3] Standard deviation of the magnitudes measured in this workmagstat.stdev;phot.mag;em.opt.Rfloate_smag[0.002/0.02] Lower uncertainty on dmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatE_smag[0.002/0.02] Upper uncertainty on dmagmagstat.error;stat.maxfloatPerDisplay the best periods for this TNO (link to Table 6)meta.ref.urlcharNpNumber of photometric measurements for this TNO (link to Table 3)meta.numberintnullableJ/ApJS/244/19/table3Photometric measurements from this Subaru/HSC data setrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDInternal OSSOS designation; see Bannister+ (2018, J/ApJS/236/18)meta.idcharMPCMinor Planet Center designationmeta.id;meta.maincharMJD[6.3/7.7] Modified Julian Date, MJD-57620dtime.epochdoublemrmag[22.5/26.2] Magnitude measurement in r-bandmagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloate_mrmag[0.007/0.2] Random uncertainty in mrmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatZpt[26.4/27.3] Zero-point usedmagstat.fit;arith.zpfloate_Zpt[0.003/0.02] Systematic uncertainty on the zero-pointmagstat.errorfloatJ/ApJS/244/19/table6Best periods from two methodsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintMPCMinor Planet Center designationmeta.id;meta.maincharLCPer-PDM[6/20.3] Light curve period, PDM method (1)htime.periodfloate_LCPer-PDM[0.02/0.3] Uncertainty in Per-PDMhstat.errorfloatpPDM[30.3/100] Percent best period, PDM (2)%stat.fit.paramfloatLCPer-PDS[6/20.3] Light curve period, PDS method (1)htime.periodfloate_LCPer-PDS[0.03/0.2] Uncertainty in Per-PDShstat.errorfloatpPDS[41.3/100] Percent best light curve period, PDS (2)%stat.fit.paramfloat