J/ApJS/240/26ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/240/26doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.22400026CDSSewilo M.Whitney B.A.Yung B.H.K.Robitaille T.P.Elia D.,Indebetouw R.Schisano E.Szczerba R.Karska A.Wiseman J.Babler B.,Boyer M.L.Fischer W.J.Meade M.Olmi L.Padgett D.Siodmiak N.2021-02-23T10:52:21Z2019-08-12T09:31:14ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fryoung-stellar-objectsinfrared-photometrystar-forming-regionsstellar-radiiastronomical-object-identificationWe study a very young star-forming region in the outer Galaxy that is the most concentrated source of outflows in the Spitzer Space Telescope GLIMPSE360 survey. This region, dubbed CMa-l224, is located in the Canis Major OB1 association. CMa-l224 is relatively faint in the mid-infrared, but it shines brightly at the far-infrared wavelengths as revealed by the Herschel Space Observatory data from the Hi-GAL survey. Using the 3.6 and 4.5{mu}m data from the Spitzer/GLIMPSE360 survey, combined with the JHKs Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) and the 70-500{mu}m Herschel/Hi-GAL data, we develop young stellar object (YSO) selection criteria based on color-color cuts and fitting of the YSO candidates' spectral energy distributions with YSO 2D radiative transfer models. We identify 293 YSO candidates and estimate physical parameters for 210 sources well fit with YSO models. We select an additional 47 sources with GLIMPSE360-only photometry as "possible YSO candidates." The vast majority of these sources are associated with high H2 column density regions and are good targets for follow-up studies. The distribution of YSO candidates at different evolutionary stages with respect to Herschel filaments supports the idea that stars are formed in the filaments and become more dispersed with time. Both the supernova-induced and spontaneous star formation scenarios are plausible in the environmental context of CMa-l224. However, our results indicate that a spontaneous gravitational collapse of filaments is a more likely scenario. The methods developed for CMa-l224 can be used for larger regions in the Galactic plane where the same set of photometry is available.2019ApJS..240...26Shttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/240/26CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/ocl : Optically visible open clusters and Candidates (Dias+ 2002-2015)II/332 : c2d Spitzer final data release (DR4) (Evans+, 2003)II/297 : AKARI/IRC mid-IR all-sky Survey (ISAS/JAXA, 2010)VII/20 : Catalogue of HII Regions (Sharpless 1959)VII/21 : Catalogue of Reflection Nebulae (Van den Bergh, 1966)V/114 : MSX6C Infrared Point Source Catalog (Egan+ 2003)VIII/85 : SPECFIND V2.0 Catalog of radio continuum spectra (Vollmer+ 2009)II/297 : AKARI/IRC mid-IR all-sky Survey (ISAS/JAXA, 2010)II/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+ 2013)J/A+AS/80/149 : IRAS Sources behind the Solar circle (Wouterloot+ 1989)J/A+AS/115/81 : A CS(2-1) survey of UC HII regions (Bronfman+, 1996)J/A+AS/132/211 : Interstellar SiO sources (Harju+ 1998)J/MNRAS/310/210 : Stellar composition of CMa R1 (Shevchenko+, 1999)J/other/RMxAA/37.115 : Optical coordinates of southern PNe (Kimeswenger+, 2001)J/A+A/368/845 : Arcetri updated cat. of H2O maser sources (Valdettaro+, 2001)J/A+A/399/141 : Merged catalogue of reflection nebulae (Magakian, 2003)J/PASJ/56/313 : 13CO survey of Mon & CMa molecular clouds (Kim+, 2004)J/A+A/451/1053 : Fundamental parameters of Be stars (Fremat+, 2006)J/ApJ/669/493 : Spitzer/Chandra YSOs in Serpens cloud core (Winston+, 2007)J/AJ/136/2391 : GLIMPSE Extended Green Objects catalog (Cyganowski+, 2008)J/A+A/506/711 : Canis Major R1 X-ray sources (Gregorio-Hetem+, 2009)J/ApJS/184/18 : Spitzer survey of young stellar clusters (Gutermuth+, 2009)J/A+A/501/539 : RMS survey. 6cm observations of YSOs (Urquhart+, 2009)J/ApJ/738/27 : Galactic HII regions RRL and continuum data (Balser+, 2011)J/AJ/142/35 : The VLBA Galactic Plane Survey (VGaPS) (Petrov+, 2011)J/ApJS/194/14 : A Pan-Carina YSO catalog (Povich+, 2011)J/ApJS/202/1 : 1mm spectral line survey toward GLIMPSE EGOs (He+, 2012)J/ApJS/200/8 : AGES: the AGN and Galaxy Evolution Survey (Kochanek+, 2012)J/AJ/144/192 : Spitzer survey of Orion A & B. I. YSOs (Megeath+, 2012)J/ApJ/764/61 : H2O maser & NH_3_ survey of GLIMPSE EGOs (Cyganowski+, 2013)J/ApJ/772/45 : Hi-GAL obs.: star formation in the 3rd quadrant (Elia+, 2013)J/ApJS/207/5 : YSOs in LDN 1641 with Hectochelle spectra (Fang+, 2013)J/A+A/558/A53 : MW global survey of star clusters. II. (Kharchenko+, 2013)J/ApJS/208/9 : Intrinsic colors & temperatures of PMS stars (Pecaut+, 2013)J/ApJ/778/96 : Spitzer and NEWFIRM observations of NGC 6334 (Willis+, 2013)J/ApJS/220/11 : SEDs of Spitzer YSOs in the Gould Belt (Dunham+, 2015)J/A+A/584/A91 : Cat. of dense cores in Aquila from Herschel (Konyves+, 2015)J/MNRAS/450/4364 : H2 emission from massive YSOs survey (Navarete+, 2015)J/ApJ/827/96 : WISE census of YSOs in Canis Major (Fischer+, 2016)J/A+A/591/A149 : Hi-GAL. inner Milky Way: +68>=l>=70 (Molinari+, 2016)J/A+A/594/A58 : Hi-GAL l=224deg region CO(1-0) data cubes (Olmi+, 2016)J/A+A/594/A28 : Planck Catalog of Galactic cold clumps (PGCC) (Planck+, 2016)http://irsa.ipac.caltech.edu/data/SPITZER/GLIMPSE : GLIMPSE archive on IRSAhttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/240/26https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/240/26http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/240/26https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/240/26https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/240/26http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/240/26GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJS/240/26/table5 (Data from the 2MASS, Spitzer/GLIMPSE360, AllWISE, AKARI, MSX, and Herschel/Hi-GAL point source catalogs and the classification of YSO candidates)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/240/26/table5?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/240/26/table5?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/240/26/table5?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true107.416885-9.449368890.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJS/240/26/table6 (The Spitzer GLIMPSE360 IRAC catalog photometry of "possible YSO candidates" in CMa-l224)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/240/26/table6?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/240/26/table6?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/240/26/table6?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true106.56161-9.828760.0055555555555555566/21638 21639 21644 21645 21647 21650 21658 216693.2031150387835462e-22 1.7003137259100215e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJS/240/26?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/ApJS/240/26/table5Data from the 2MASS, Spitzer/GLIMPSE360, AllWISE, AKARI, MSX, and Herschel/Hi-GAL point source catalogs and the classification of YSO candidatese_F70[20/308]? Uncertainty in F70mJystat.errorfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintPDisplay the physical parameters for this YSO candidate (link to Table 4)meta.ref.urlcharSSTGLMAIRAC designation (GLLL.llll+BB.bbbb) (G1)meta.id;meta.maincharprimaryRAJ2000[106.5/108.7] Right Ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[-11.7/-9.4] Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main2MASS[286257892/286739699]? Sequential number for a 2MASS source (Col. 'Cntr' in II/246)meta.recordlongnullableWISEAIdentifier from the AllWISE catalog (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s; II/328 or "null")meta.id.crosscharAKARI? 'objID' from the AKARI catalog (II/297) (1)meta.id.crosslongnullableMSX6CIdentifier from the MSX catalog (GLLL.llll+BB.bbbb; V/114)meta.id.crosscharE13[492/936]? Herschel source sequential number (2)meta.recordintnullableoGWISEA[0.005/2.3]? GLIMPSE360 and AllWISE source distancearcsecpos.angDistancefloatnullableoGAKARI[0.4/0.9]? GLIMPSE360 and AKARI source distancearcsecpos.angDistancefloatnullableoGMSX[0.5/0.6]? GLIMPSE360 and MSX source distancearcsecpos.angDistancefloatnullableoGE13[0.2/3.8]? GLIMPSE360 and E13 (Elia+, 2013, J/ApJ/772/45) source distancearcsecpos.angDistancefloatnullableoGFull[0.3/4.6]? GLIMPSE360 and Herschel Full source distancearcsecpos.angDistancefloatnullableJmag[11/17.3]? 2MASS J band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_Jmag[0.02/0.3]? Uncertainty in Jmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableHmag[10.7/16.7]? 2MASS H band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_Hmag[0.02/0.3]? Uncertainty in Hmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableKsmag[9.4/15]? 2MASS K_s_ band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_Ksmag[0.01/0.2]? Uncertainty in Ksmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullable3.6mag[7/16.8] GLIMPSE360 IRAC 3.6 micron band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloate_3.6mag[0.02/0.2] Uncertainty in 3.6magmagstat.errorfloat4.5mag[6.3/14.3] GLIMPSE360 IRAC 4.5 micron band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloate_4.5mag[0.01/0.2] Uncertainty in 4.5magmagstat.errorfloatl_12magUpper limit flag on 12magmeta.code.errorchar12mag[3.6/12.4]? AllWISE 12 micron (W3) band magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullablee_12mag[0.01/0.4]? Uncertainty in 12magmagstat.errorfloatnullablel_22magUpper limit flag on 22magmeta.code.errorchar22mag[0.9/9]? AllWISE 22 micron (W4) band magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umfloatnullablee_22mag[0.008/0.4]? Uncertainty in 22magmagstat.errorfloatnullableFJ[0.2/55.5]? 2MASS J band flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.Jdoublenullablee_FJ[0.04/1.2]? Uncertainty in FJmJystat.errordoublenullableFH[0.2/50.6]? 2MASS H band flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.Hdoublenullablee_FH[0.04/1.3]? Uncertainty in FHmJystat.errordoublenullableFKs[0.6/109.2]? 2MASS K_s_ band flux densitymJyphot.mag;em.IR.Kdoublenullablee_FKs[0.08/2.5]? Uncertainty in FKsmJystat.errordoublenullableF3.6[0.05/374] GLIMPSE360 IRAC 3.6 micron band flux densitymJyphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umdoublee_F3.6[0.006/13] Uncertainty in F3.6mJystat.errordoubleF4.5[0.3/534.5] GLIMPSE360 IRAC 4.5 micron band flux densitymJyphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umdoublee_F4.5[0.01/11.1] Uncertainty in F4.5mJystat.errordoublel_F12Upper limit flag on F12meta.code.errorcharF12[0.3/1137]? AllWISE 12um band flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umdoublenullablee_F12[0.1/10.5]? Uncertainty in F12mJystat.errordoublenullablel_F22Upper limit flag on F22meta.code.errorcharF22[2/3601]? AllWISE 22 micron band flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umdoublenullablee_F22[0.9/26.6]? Uncertainty in F22mJystat.errordoublenullableF9[87.3/1105]? AKARI 9 micron band flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullablee_F9[3.9/93.2]? Uncertainty in F9mJystat.errordoublenullableF18[197/2404]? AKARI 18 micron band flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullablee_F18[3.8/68]? Uncertainty in F18mJystat.errorfloatnullableF8.3[1041.4]? MSX 8.3 micron band flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullablee_F8.3[43.7388]? Uncertainty in F8.3mJystat.errordoublenullableF12.1[1473.5]? MSX 12.1 micron band flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullablee_F12.1[100.198]? Uncertainty in F12.1mJystat.errordoublenullableF14.7[2299]? MSX 14.7 micron band flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullablee_F14.7[149.435]? Uncertainty in F14.7mJystat.errordoublenullableF21.3[3814.1]? MSX 21.3 micron band flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umfloatnullablee_F21.3[244.1024]? Uncertainty in F21.3mJystat.errordoublenullableF70[111/16540]? Hi-Gal PACS 70 micron band flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.30-60umfloatnullableF160[242/17710]? Hi-Gal PACS 160 micron band flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.1500-3000GHzfloatnullablee_F160[40/471.2]? Uncertainty in F160mJystat.errorfloatnullableF250[834/21340]? SPIRE 250 micron band flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzfloatnullablee_F250[0.9/470]? Uncertainty in F250mJystat.errordoublenullableF350[1320/14770]? SPIRE 350 micron band flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzfloatnullablee_F350[0.9/50]? Uncertainty in F350mJystat.errordoublenullableF500[590/9390]? SPIRE 500 micron band flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.400-750GHzfloatnullablee_F500[0.9/50]? Uncertainty in F500mJystat.errordoublenullableYSOYSO classification from SED fitting (3)meta.codecharPhotYSO class from 12 micron photometry (4)src.classcharr_PhotReference flag for Phot (5)meta.ref;pos.framecharSEDInfra-red SED plot of this sourcemeta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharJ/ApJS/240/26/table4Physical parameters for a subset of YSO candidates in CMa-l224ModModel namemeta.id;stat.param;meta.modelledcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintf_SSTGLMAFlag on SSTGLMA G224.4696-00.3780 (1)meta.codecharSSTGLMAIRAC designation (GLLL.llll+BB.bbbb) (G1)meta.id;meta.maincharNpt[5/18] Number of valid data points used in fittingmeta.numberintMSetModel set identifier (2)meta.id;stat.param;meta.modelledcharchi2[0.02/14.5] The {chi}^2^ per data point (3)arith.zpfloatNf[1/1046] Number of fits (4)meta.numberintRad[0.8/20.7] Stellar radiussolRadphys.size.radiusfloatTemp[3020/10800] Stellar temperatureKphys.temperatureintLum[0.09/418] Stellar luminositysolLumphys.luminositydoubleMass[0.3/5.2]? Stellar mass (5)solMassphys.massfloatnullableAge[0.01/4.1]? Stellar age (5)Myrtime.agefloatnullableJ/ApJS/240/26/table6The Spitzer GLIMPSE360 IRAC catalog photometry of "possible YSO candidates" in CMa-l224recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSSTGLMAIRAC designation (GLLL.llll+BB.bbbb) (G1)meta.id;meta.maincharf_SSTGLMA[a] Flag on SSTGLMA (1)meta.codecharRAJ2000[106.5/108.3] Right Ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[-11.4/-9.8] Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainF3.6[0.05/10.3] GLIMPSE360 Spitzer/IRAC 3.6um band flux densitymJyphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloate_F3.6[0.004/0.5] Uncertainty in F3.6mJystat.errorfloatF4.5[0.2/10.7] GLIMPSE360 Spitzer/IRAC 4.5um band flux densitymJyphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloate_F4.5[0.01/0.5] Uncertainty in F4.5mJystat.errorfloat3.6mag[11/17] GLIMPSE360 Spitzer/IRAC 3.6um band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloate_3.6mag[0.03/0.2] Uncertainty in 3.6magmagstat.errorfloat4.5mag[10.5/15] GLIMPSE360 Spitzer/IRAC 4.5um band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloate_4.5mag[0.02/0.2] Uncertainty in 4.5magmagstat.errorfloatNH2[2.5/95] H_2_ column density1e+21cm**-2phys.columnDensityfloat