J/ApJS/231/11ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/231/11doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.22310011CDSYuan J.Wu Y.Ellingsen S.P.Evans II N.J.Henkel C.Wang K.,Liu H.-L.Liu T.Li J.-Z.Zavagno A.2020-06-15T07:04:17Z2017-09-06T08:20:04ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frinterstellar-mediummillimeter-astronomysubmillimeter-astronomysurveysWe report a sample of 463 high-mass starless clump (HMSC) candidates within -60{deg}<l<60{deg} and -1{deg}<b<1{deg}. This sample has been singled out from 10861 ATLASGAL clumps. None of these sources are associated with any known star-forming activities collected in SIMBAD and young stellar objects identified using color-based criteria. We also make sure that the HMSC candidates have neither point sources at 24 and 70{mu}m nor strong extended emission at 24{mu}m. Most of the identified HMSCs are infrared dark, and some are even dark at 70{mu}m. Their distribution shows crowding in Galactic spiral arms and toward the Galactic center and some well-known star-forming complexes. Many HMSCs are associated with large-scale filaments. Some basic parameters were attained from column density and dust temperature maps constructed via fitting far-infrared and submillimeter continuum data to modified blackbodies. The HMSC candidates have sizes, masses, and densities similar to clumps associated with Class II methanol masers and H II regions, suggesting that they will evolve into star-forming clumps. More than 90% of the HMSC candidates have densities above some proposed thresholds for forming high-mass stars. With dust temperatures and luminosity-to-mass ratios significantly lower than that for star-forming sources, the HMSC candidates are externally heated and genuinely at very early stages of high-mass star formation. Twenty sources with equivalent radii r_eq_<0.15pc and mass surface densities {Sigma}>0.08g/cm^2^ could be possible high-mass starless cores. Further investigations toward these HMSCs would undoubtedly shed light on comprehensively understanding the birth of high-mass stars.2017ApJS..231...11Yhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/231/11CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toVII/233 : The 2MASS Extended sources (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)II/293 : GLIMPSE Source Catalog (I + II + 3D) (IPAC 2008)VIII/96 : 6-GHz methanol multibeam maser catalogue (Caswell+, 2010-12)J/A+A/291/943 : Protostellar cores (Ossenkopf+, 1994)J/A+A/474/891 : 13CO obs. of YSOs in South Gal. plane (Urquhart+, 2007)J/ApJ/680/349 : Galactic distribution of IRDCs (Jackson+, 2008)J/A+A/487/993 : MAMBO Mapping of c2d Clouds and Cores (Kauffmann+, 2008)J/A+A/481/345 : SED evolution in massive YSOs (Molinari+, 2008)J/ApJS/184/18 : Spitzer survey of young stellar clusters (Gutermuth+, 2009)J/A+A/499/149 : 1.2mm maps of southern Infrared Dark Clouds (Vasyunina+, 2009)J/ApJ/723/1019 : Galactic SFR and gas surface densities (Heiderman+, 2010)J/A+A/515/A55 : NGC 6334-NGC 6357 complex (Russeil+, 2010)J/ApJ/720/1055 : VBLA observations of W51 Main/South (Sato+, 2010)J/ApJ/741/110 : The BGPS. VII. Massive star-forming regions (Dunham+, 2011)J/MNRAS/426/1972 : H_2_O Southern Gal. Plane Survey, HOPS. II (Purcell+, 2012)J/A+A/540/A113 : Starless clumps in ATLASGAL (Tackenberg+, 2012)J/A+A/544/A146 : ATLASGAL cold high-mass clumps with NH_3_ (Wienen+, 2012)J/A+A/553/A115 : Millimetric and far-IR maps of IRDC 18310-4 (Beuther+, 2013)J/A+A/549/A45 : ATLASGAL Compact Source Catalog: 330<l<21 (Contreras+, 2013)J/ApJ/772/45 : Hi-GAL obs.: star formation in the 3rd quadrant (Elia+, 2013)J/ApJS/208/11 : The Red MSX Source Survey: massive protostars (Lumsden+, 2013)J/ApJS/209/2 : The BGPS. X. Dense molecular gas (Shirley+, 2013)J/MNRAS/435/400 : ATLASGAL. Compact HII regions (Urquhart+, 2013)J/A+A/549/A130 : YSOs in Herschel-Hi-GAL survey (Veneziani+, 2013)J/A+A/565/A75 : ATLASGAL. Dust condensations in Gal. plane (Csengeri+, 2014)J/A+A/568/A41 : ATLASGAL Compact Source Catalog: 280<l<60 (Urquhart+, 2014)J/A+A/570/A65 : ATLASGAL massive clumps CO depletion (Giannetti+, 2014)J/MNRAS/437/1791 : RMS survey: molecular observations (Urquhart+, 2014)J/MNRAS/443/1555 : ATLASGAL massive star forming clumps (Urquhart+, 2014)J/A+A/579/A91 : ATLASGAL inner Galaxy massive cold dust clumps (Wienen+, 2015)J/A+A/581/A119 : Starless gas clump IRDC 18310-4 images (Beuther+, 2015)J/AJ/149/64 : MIPSGAL 24{mu}m point source catalog (Gutermuth+, 2015)J/MNRAS/451/3089 : Young clumps embedded in IRDC (Traficante+, 2015)J/A+A/586/A149 : SiO in ATLASGAL-selected massive clumps (Csengeri+, 2016)J/A+A/591/A149 : Hi-GAL. inner Milky Way: +68>=l>=70 (Molinari+, 2016)J/ApJ/822/59 : BGPS. XIV. Molecular cloud clumps GBT obs. (Svoboda+, 2016)J/ApJ/824/29 : ATLASGAL clumps with IRAS flux & MALT90 data (Stephens+, 2016)J/A+A/599/A139 : ATLASGAL massive clumps dust characterization (Koenig+, 2017)J/A+A/602/A37 : Millimeter RRL in ATLASGAL massive clumps (Kim+, 2017)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/231/11https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/231/11http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/231/11https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/231/11https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/231/11http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/231/11GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJS/231/11/hmsc (High-mass starless clump (HMSC) candidates parameters (tables 2 and 3))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/231/11/hmsc?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/231/11/hmsc?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/231/11/hmsc?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true266.2252917-28.80061110.0055555555555555565/10556 10614 6/28808 28809 28814 28824 28825 28827 28828 28830 28831 28874 28875 28879 28890 28897 28900 28901 28912 28913 28915 28918 28919 29090 29091 29097 29099 29101 29103 29113 29115 29116 29118 29119 29463 29505 29508 29510 29529 29532 29533 29535 30218 30241 30244 30245 30256 30259 30260 30262 30268 30269 30312 30313 30315 30319 30618 30644 30694 41655 41767 41780 41782 41811 41812 41813 41814 41817 41820 42159 42169 42171 42172 42173 42175 42206 42207 42214 42215 42217 42228 42378 42379 42387 42391 42396 42441 42444 42447 42460 42461 42462 42496 42497 42498https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJS/231/11?format=asciiMillimeterdefaultJ/ApJS/231/11/hmscHigh-mass starless clump (HMSC) candidates parameters (tables 2 and 3)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint[CUS2014]Identifier (GLLL.llll+B.bbbb)meta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainMajAxis[21/97] Angular major half-intensity axisarcsecphys.angSizeintMinAxis[20/50] Angular minor half-intensity axisarcsecphys.angSize.sminAxisintPAPosition angle (1)degpos.posAngfloatFWHM[20/59] Full-Width at Half-Maximumarcsecphys.angSizeintVLSR[-122/206] Local Standard of Rest velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.lsrfloatDist[0.2/19] Distancekpcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloate_DistUncertainty in Distkpcstat.errorfloatr_VLSRReference for VLSR (2)meta.ref;phys.veloc;pos.framecharFlagThe 70 micron dark clump flag (3)meta.code.errorcharf_[CUS2014]s : possible starless core; column added by CDS following table 5meta.codecharReq[0.05/4] Equivalent radiipcphys.size.radiusfloatTdust[10/25] Dust temperatureKphys.temperaturefloatNH2H_2_ column densitycm**-2phys.columnDensitydoublenH2H_2_ number densitycm**-3meta.iddoubleSigM[0.02/3] Mass surface densityg.cm**-2phys.densityfloatMcl[7.7/61358] Clump masssolMassphys.massdoubleLcl[8.6/140822] Clump luminositysolLumphys.luminositydoubleLcl/Mcl[0.09/23] Ratio of clump luminosity to masssolLum/solMassphys.luminosityfloatAGALDisplay data from the ATLASGAL compact source catalog (Contreras+, 2013, J/A+A/549/A45 and Urquhart+, 2014, J/A+A/568/A41) within 10"meta.ref.urlintnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar