J/ApJS/222/15ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/222/15doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.22220015CDSTetarenko B.E.Sivakoff G.R.Heinke C.O.Gladstone J.C.2017-09-22T16:16:31Z2016-04-04T08:40:34ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frx-ray-binary-starsstellar-massesastronomical-reference-materialsWith the advent of more sensitive all-sky instruments, the transient universe is being probed in greater depth than ever before. Taking advantage of available resources, we have established a comprehensive database of black hole (and black hole candidate) X-ray binary (BHXB) activity between 1996 and 2015 as revealed by all-sky instruments, scanning surveys, and select narrow-field X-ray instruments on board the INTErnational Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL), Monitor of All-Sky X-ray Image (MAXI), Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE), and Swift telescopes; the Whole-sky Alberta Time-resolved Comprehensive black-Hole Database Of the Galaxy or WATCHDOG. Over the past two decades, we have detected 132 transient outbursts, tracked and classified behavior occurring in 47 transient and 10 persistently accreting BHs, and performed a statistical study on a number of outburst properties across the Galactic population. We find that outbursts undergone by BHXBs that do not reach the thermally dominant accretion state make up a substantial fraction (~40%) of the Galactic transient BHXB outburst sample over the past ~20 years. Our findings suggest that this "hard-only" behavior, observed in transient and persistently accreting BHXBs, is neither a rare nor recent phenomenon and may be indicative of an underlying physical process, relatively common among binary BHs, involving the mass-transfer rate onto the BH remaining at a low level rather than increasing as the outburst evolves. We discuss how the larger number of these "hard-only" outbursts and detected outbursts in general have significant implications for both the luminosity function and mass-transfer history of the Galactic BHXB population.2016ApJS..222...15Thttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/222/15CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/cb : Cataclysmic Binaries, LMXBs, and related objects (Ritter+, 2014)V/123 : Catalog of Cataclysmic Variables (Downes+ 2001-2006)V/106 : Catalogue of X-ray binaries (Liu+ 2001)IX/10 : ROSAT All-Sky Bright Source Catalogue (1RXS) (Voges+ 1999)J/A+A/587/A61 : BlackCAT, stellar-mass BH in X trans. (Corral-Santana+, 2016)J/ApJ/800/17 : Mass-transfer sequences in 16 Galactic LMXBs (Fragos+, 2015)J/MNRAS/437/3265 : Swift J1745-26 polarized jet (Curran+, 2014)J/ApJS/209/14 : The Swift/BAT hard X-ray transient monitor (Krimm+, 2013)J/MNRAS/428/2500 : GX 339-4 radio/X-ray flux correlation (Corbel+, 2013)J/ApJ/776/L31 : Energy feedback from XRB from z=0 to z=19.92 (Fragos+, 2013)J/AJ/143/130 : VIJH light curves of the X-Ray binary GX 339-4 (Buxton+, 2012)J/PASJ/63/S677 : MAXI/GSC catalog in high Galactic-latitude sky (Hiroi+, 2011)J/MNRAS/415/292 : MAXI J1659-152 2010 outburst analysis (Munoz-Darias+, 2011)J/ApJS/186/1 : The 4th IBIS/ISGRI soft gamma-ray survey catalog (Bird+, 2010)J/ApJ/699/453 : Determination of black hole masses (Shaposhnikov+, 2009)J/ApJ/698/1398 : H1743-322 2003 outburst (McClintock+, 2009)J/A+A/469/807 : Catalogue of Galactic low-mass X-ray binaries (Liu+, 2007)J/ApJS/170/175 : Third IBIS/ISGRI soft gamma-ray survey catalog (Bird+, 2007)J/A+A/455/1165 : Catalogue of Galactic high-mass X-ray binaries (Liu+, 2006)J/ApJ/641/410 : XMM and Chandra X-ray sources near 4U 1755-33 (Kaaret+, 2006)J/A+A/447/245 : Cyg X-1 Spectral Evolution 1999-2004 (Wilms+, 2006)J/A+A/411/L59 : INTEGRAL reference catalog (Ebisawa+, 2003)J/A+A/403/247 : Variability in the ROSAT All-Sky Survey (Fuhrmeister+, 2003)J/PAZh/26/355 : Catalog of X-ray sources from TTM/COMIS (Emelyanov+, 2000)J/A+AS/134/287 : EXMS catalog (Reynolds+ 1999)J/A+AS/132/341 : ROSAT GPS optical identification (Motch+ 1998)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/222/15https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/222/15http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/222/15https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/222/15https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/222/15http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/222/15GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJS/222/15/table12 (Galactic black hole (BH) and black hole candidate (BHC) Primary Source Information)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/222/15/table12?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/222/15/table12?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/222/15/table12?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true64.925587555.999361110.0055555555555555566/1226 1965 5609 13036 14085 14610 14632 14649 14692 22159 25691 28719 28723 28731 28744 28798 28805 28813 28814 28827 28830 28831 28843 28844 28852 28857 28877 28885 28898 28922 29078 29101 29180 29208 29220 29416 29460 29691 29885 30260 30328 30428 30453 30506 30580 30618 30622 32208 33094 33801 37196 37979 38470 41404 41522 41583 41748 41809 41810 42189 42196 42209 42215 42279 42364 42378 42389 42417 42441 42458 42468 42487 42533https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJS/222/15?format=asciidefaultJ/ApJS/222/15/table13Galactic BH/BHC Binary Source InformationrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSource Name used in this workmeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryDist1[1/50] Distance to source or lower range of distance (1)kpcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloatB_Dist? Upper range of distance to sourcekpcpos.distance;instr.bandwidth;stat.maxfloatnullablee_Dist? The 1{sigma} confidence level error in Distkpcstat.errorfloatnullablee_Dist2? A second value for e_Distkpcstat.errorfloatnullablemBH1[2.4/15]? Mass of BH or lower range of Mass (1)solMassphys.massfloatnullableB_mBH? Upper range of Mass of BH (1)solMassphys.mass;stat.maxfloatnullablel_e_mBHLimit flag on e_mBHmeta.code.errorchare_mBH? The 1{sigma} confidence level error in mBHsolMassstat.errorfloatnullablee_mBH2? A second value for e_mBHsolMassstat.errorfloatnullablef(M)[0.2/9.5]? Mass functionsolMassphys.massfloatnullablee_f(M)? The 1{sigma} confidence level error in f(M)solMassstat.errorfloatnullablee_f(M)2? A second value of f(M)solMassstat.errorfloatnullablel_iLimit flag on inclinationmeta.code.errorchari[4/81]? Inclination or lower range of Inclinationdegsrc.orbital.inclinationfloatnullableB_i? Upper range of Inclinationdegsrc.orbital.inclination;stat.maxfloatnullablee_i? The 1{sigma} confidence level error in idegstat.errorfloatnullablee_i2? A second value of e_idegstat.errorfloatnullablel_qLimit flag on qmeta.code.errorcharq[0/1.3]? Mass ratio; m_2_/m_BH_ or lower range of qphys.massfloatnullableB_q? Upper range of mass ratio qphys.mass;stat.maxfloatnullablee_q? The 1{sigma} confidence level error in qstat.errorfloatnullablee_q2? A second value of e_qstat.errorfloatnullableSpTSpectral type of counterpartsrc.spTypecharl_PorbLimit flag on Porbmeta.code.errorcharPorb[2.4/1449]? Orbital periodhtime.perioddoublenullableRefReference list (see refs.dat file)meta.ref;pos.framecharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharJ/ApJS/222/15/table8Activity of the transient (and long-term transient) Galactic black hole X-ray binary (BHXB) population from 1996-2015recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSource Name used in this work (1)meta.id;meta.maincharSOut[0/10] Number of successful outbursts detected (2)meta.numberintIOut[0/19] Number of indeterminate outbursts detected (3)meta.numberintHOut[0/5] Number of hard-only outbursts detected (4)meta.numberintTOut[1/24] Total number of outbursts (5)meta.numberinttQs[0/7054] Days spent in quiescence (6)dtime.intervalinttOut[14/7068] Days spent in outbursts (6)dtime.intervalintl_<tRec>Limit flag on <tRec> (7)meta.code.errorchar<tRec>[154/7068] Median outburst recurrence timedtime.epochintdc[0.2/100] Transient duty cycle%meta.number;time.periodfloatStatesStates achieved during outbursts (8)meta.codecharJ/ApJS/222/15/table9Mass Transfer History of the Galactic BHXB population from 1996-2015recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSource name used in this workmeta.id;meta.maincharTypeSource type (T = transient or P = persistent)src.classchar<Lbol>t[0.0008/1290] Time averaged bolometric luminosity (1)1e-29Wphys.luminositydoubleE_<Lbol>tUpper bound error in <Lbol>t1e-29Wstat.error;stat.maxdoublee_<Lbol>tLower bound error in <Lbol>t1e-29Wstat.errordoublel_<Mdot>tLimit flag on <Mdot>t (2)meta.code.errorchar<Mdot>t[0.0001/229] Average mass-transfer rate (1)solMass/yrphys.mass.lossdoubleE_<Mdot>tUpper bound error in <Mdot>tsolMass/yrstat.error;stat.maxdoublee_<Mdot>tLower bound error in <Mdot>tsolMass/yrstat.errordoubleOutTypeProminent outburst behaviour (3)src.classcharALink to activity detections of this object (table 8)meta.ref.urlintnullableJ/ApJS/222/15/table15Luminosity data for Galactic BHs & BHCs between 1996-2014recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSource name used in this workmeta.id;meta.maincharIDUnique outburst identification code (1)meta.idchartDur[21/7069] Duration of the outburstdtime.durationinttotalE[0.08/53460] Total outburst energy released; 1e43erg1e+36Jphys.energydoublee_totalEError in totalE1e+36Jstat.errorfloatLtot[0.003/4300] Peak bolometric outburst luminosity; 1e38erg/s1e+31Wphys.luminositydoubleE_LtotUpper error bound in Ltot1e+31Wstat.error;stat.maxdoublee_LtotLower error bound in Ltot1e+31Wstat.errordoubleLEdd[0.0003/290] Peak bolometric outburst luminosity (2)phys.luminositydoubleE_LEddUpper error bound in LEddstat.error;stat.maxdoublee_LEddLower error bound in LEddstat.errordoubleLHCS[0.002/101] Peak bolometric hard comptonized state (HCS) state luminosity (3)1e+31Wphys.luminositydoubleE_LHCSUpper error bound in LHCS1e+31Wstat.error;stat.maxdoublee_LHCS? Lower error bound in LHCS1e+31Wstat.errorfloatnullableLSDS[0.04/4300]? Peak bolometric soft disc dominated state (SDS) state luminosity (3)1e+31Wphys.luminositydoublenullableE_LSDS? Upper error bound in LSDS1e+31Wstat.error;stat.maxdoublenullablee_LSDS? Lower error bound in LSDS1e+31Wstat.errordoublenullabletHCS[0/5409] Total time spent in the HCSdtime.intervalinttSDS[0/5392] Total time spent in the SDSdtime.intervalinttIMS[0/3578]? Total time spent in HCS to SDS transitiondtime.intervalintnullabletUND[0/544]? Total time not sufficient data to determine statedtime.intervalintnullableJ/ApJS/222/15/table16State transitions occurring in the transient Galactic BHXB population between 1996-2015recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSource name used in this workmeta.id;meta.maincharIDUnique outburst identification codemeta.idcharStageOutburst stage (1)src.classcharStateAccretion state (2)src.classchartBeg[50087/57154]? MJD start time of an outburstdtime.epochintnullabletEnd[50092/57173]? MJD end time of an outburstdtime.epochintnullabletDur[0/4088]? Duration of outburst stage (3)dtime.epochintnullableJ/ApJS/222/15/table17State transitions occurring in the persistent Galactic BHXB population between 1996-2015StageOutburst stage (1)src.classcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSource name used in this workmeta.id;meta.maincharIDUnique outburst identification codemeta.idcharStateAccretion state (2)src.classchartBeg[50087/57154]? MJD start time of an outburstdtime.epochintnullabletEnd[50092/57173]? MJD end time of an outburstdtime.epochintnullabletDur[0/4088]? Duration of outburst stage (3)dtime.epochintnullableJ/ApJS/222/15/refsReferencesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRefReference codemeta.notecharBibCodeBibcodemeta.bib.bibcodecharAuthFirst author's name(s)meta.bib.authorcharCommCommentmeta.notecharJ/ApJS/222/15/table14Galactic BHXB Outburst HistoryrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSource Name used in this workmeta.id;meta.mainchartBeg[50134/57036]? MJD begin time of outburst (1)dtime.epochfloatnullabletEnd[50216/57168]? MJD end time of outburst (1)dtime.epochfloatnullableIDUnique outburst identification codemeta.idcharLClassLiterature spectral/timing outburst classification (2)meta.codecharAClassAlgorithm outburst classification (2)meta.codecharInstList of instruments that have detected the outburst (3)meta.id;instrcharRefList of references (see refs.dat file)meta.refcharJ/ApJS/222/15/table12Galactic black hole (BH) and black hole candidate (BHC) Primary Source InformationTypeType (3)meta.code.classcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSource name exclusively used in this workmeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryONameOther source name(s) (1)meta.idcharClassBlack Hole class (2)meta.code.classcharRAJ2000? Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullablee_RAJ2000? Error in RAs (4)arcsecstat.error;pos.eq.radoublenullableDEJ2000? Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullablee_DEJ2000[0.00005/318]? Error in DEs (4)arcsecstat.error;pos.eq.decdoublenullableObs.Y[1966/2014]? Year source was discoveredyrtimeintnullableTelX-ray telescope discovery (5)instr.telcharN[0/26]? Total number of outbursts detected (6)meta.numberintnullableRefReference list (see refs.dat file)meta.ref;pos.framecharNtNumber of state transitions for this transient BHXB (table 16)meta.numberintnullableNpNumber of state transitions for this persistent BHXB (table 17)meta.numberintnullableLNumber of luminosity data for this source (table 15)meta.numberintnullableHDisplay the outburst history for this source (table 14)meta.ref.urlintnullableMtDisplay the mass transfer history for this source (table 9)meta.ref.urlintnullable