J/ApJS/207/15ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/207/15doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.22070015CDSKowalski A.F.Hawley S.L.Wisniewski J.P.Osten R.A.Hilton E.J.,Holtzman J.A.Schmidt S.J.Davenport J.R.A.2017-11-06T12:23:42Z2013-07-11T14:06:41ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frstellar-flaresstellar-atmospheresspectroscopyWe present a homogeneous analysis of line and continuum emission from simultaneous high-cadence spectra and photometry covering near-ultraviolet and optical wavelengths for 20 M dwarf flares. These data were obtained to study the white-light continuum components at bluer and redder wavelengths than the Balmer jump. Our goals were to break the degeneracy between emission mechanisms that have been fit to broadband colors of flares and to provide constraints for radiative-hydrodynamic (RHD) flare models that seek to reproduce the white-light flare emission. New model constraints are presented for the time evolution among the hydrogen Balmer lines and between CaII K and the blackbody continuum emission. We calculate Balmer jump flux ratios and compare to the solar-type flare heating predictions from RHD models. The model ratios are too large and the blue-optical ({lambda}=4000-4800{AA}) slopes are too red in both the impulsive and gradual decay phases of all 20 flares. This discrepancy implies that further work is needed to understand the heating at high column mass during dMe flares.2013ApJS..207...15Khttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/207/15CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/207/15https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/207/15http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/207/15https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/207/15https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/207/15http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/207/15GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJS/207/15/table2 (*Observing log)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/207/15/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/207/15/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/207/15/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true116.16739173.55245420.0055555555555555566/4444 13743 14781 20071 22289https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJS/207/15?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJS/207/15/table2*Observing logStarStar namemeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintDateUT date of observation (1)time.epoch;obsnullableMJD? Modified Julian date of observationdtime.epochintnullableTime? Total monitoring time for the nighthtime.expofloatnullableExp? Exposure timestime.duration;obs.exposurecharnB? Number of exposures of sufficient quality for blue analysis (2)meta.numberintnullablenT? Total number of exposures obtained (2)meta.numberintnullablef_nT[c] Flag on nT (3)meta.codecharnR? Number of short exposures obtained at a lower cadence (2)meta.numberintnullableslit? Slit widtharcsecspect.line.widthfloatnullableFWHM? FWHM of arc line HeI44710.1nmspect.line.width;spect.linefloatnullableRes? Full width at 0.1max of arc line HeI44710.1nmspect.line.widthintnullableFWHMg? FWHM of H{gamma} for a sample target spectrum0.1nmspect.line.widthcharInst? Instrument (4)mmeta.id;instrfloatnullableFiltFilter(s) (U or ugri)meta.id;instr.filtercharInst2? 2nd Instrument (4)mmeta.id;instrfloatnullableFilt2Filter(s) for Inst2 (ugr)meta.code;instr.filtercharFlareFlare(s) ID (1)meta.idcharFile1Name of the band-photometry file (first filter) in subdirectory photmeta.id;phot;meta.filecharFile2Name of the band-photometry file (2nd filter) in subdirectory photmeta.id;phot;meta.filecharFile3Name of the band-photometry file (3rd filter) in subdirectory photmeta.id;phot;meta.filecharFile4Name of the band-photometry file (4th filter) in subdirectory photmeta.id;phot;meta.filecharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.refchar_RAPositions from SIMBAD (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from SIMBAD (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJS/207/15/table6Flare summary tableStarStar namemeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintFlareFlare identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharf_Flare[bc] Flag on Flare (1)meta.codecharDateObservation datetime.epoch;obsnullableExtExtension number for the fits files (see Note (1) of list.dat)meta.idintTpkTime from the beginning of the MJD (2)htime.epochfloatTpk2? 2nd Tpkhtime.epochfloatnullableIfI_f_, U+1 at peak photometry (3)phot.flux;arith.ratiofloatIf2? 2nd If (for GF5, this is the upper range and If is the lower range)phot.flux;arith.ratiofloatnullablef_If2[d] Flag on If2 (1)meta.codecharEDEquivalent duration in U (4)stime.durationintEUU-band energy (in 10^32^erg)1e-25Jphys.energyfloatuEU? Upper EU for IF9 (in this case, EU is the lower range)1e-25Jphys.energyintnullableLUU-band luminosity at peak photometry1e+22Wphys.luminosityfloatt1/2t_1/2_, U (5)minspect.line.widthfloatIImpulsiveness index (6)stat.fit.paramfloatJ/ApJS/207/15/listList of FITS filesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintFileNameName of the file in subdirectory fits (1)meta.id;meta.filecharTitleTitle of the filemeta.note