J/ApJS/190/1ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/190/1doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.21900001CDSRaghavan D.McAlister H.A.Henry T.J.Latham D.W.Marcy G.W.,Mason B.D.Gies D.R.White R.J.Ten Brummelaar T.A.2017-06-22T14:28:40Z2010-11-02T12:17:49ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frsurveysg-starsmultiple-starsproper-motionsWe present the results of a comprehensive assessment of companions to solar-type stars. A sample of 454 stars, including the Sun, was selected from the Hipparcos catalog with {pi}>40mas, {sigma}{pi}/{pi}<0.05, 0.5<=B-V<=1.0 (~F6-K3), and constrained by absolute magnitude and color to exclude evolved stars. These criteria are equivalent to selecting all dwarf and subdwarf stars within 25pc with V-band flux between 0.1 and 10 times that of the Sun, giving us a physical basis for the term "solar-type". New observational aspects of this work include surveys for (1) very close companions with long-baseline interferometry at the Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy Array, (2) close companions with speckle interferometry, and (3) wide proper-motion companions identified by blinking multi-epoch archival images. In addition, we include the results from extensive radial-velocity monitoring programs and evaluate companion information from various catalogs covering many different techniques. The results presented here include four new common proper-motion companions discovered by blinking archival images. Additionally, the spectroscopic data searched reveal five new stellar companions. Our synthesis of results from many methods and sources results in a thorough evaluation of stellar and brown dwarf companions to nearby Sun-like stars. The overall observed fractions of single, double, triple, and higher-order systems are 56%+/-2%, 33%+/-2%, 8%+/-1%, and 3%+/-1%, respectively, counting all confirmed stellar and brown dwarf companions.2010ApJS..190....1Rhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJS/190/1CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/wds : The Washington Visual Double Star Catalog (Mason+ 2001-2010)I/239 : The Hipparcos and Tycho Catalogues (ESA 1997)I/311 : Hipparcos, the New Reduction (van Leeuwen, 2007)V/70 : Nearby Stars, Preliminary 3rd Version (Gliese+ 1991)J/A+A/341/121 : Visual binary orbits and masses (Soederhjelm 1999)J/AJ/126/2048 : NStars project: the Northern Sample. I. (Gray+, 2003)J/AJ/132/161 : NStars project: The southern sample. I. (Gray+, 2006)J/A+A/464/377 : HIP binaries with radial velocities (Frankowski+, 2007)http://www.usno.navy.mil/USNO/astrometry/optical-IR-prod/wds/orb6 : Sixthhttp://www.usno.navy.mil/USNO/astrometry/optical-IR-prod/wds/int4 : Fourthhttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/190/1https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/190/1http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJS/190/1https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/190/1https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/190/1http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJS/190/1GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJS/190/1/table13 (Survey stars and their stellar, brown dwarf, and planetary companions)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/190/1/table13?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/190/1/table13?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/190/1/table13?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000trueCone search capability for table J/ApJS/190/1/stars (Sample of 454 solar-type stars with physical parameters)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/190/1/stars?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/190/1/stars?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJS/190/1/stars?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true6/60 100 137 309 377 684 742 815 819 824 1098 1341 1530 1556 1603 1875 2051 2167 2317 2381 2472 2476 2491 2622 2652 2697 2923 3006 3020 3036 3102 3118 3147 3313 3363 3372 3509 3639 3780 3809 3932 3979 4241 4278 4316 4591 4670 4762 4766 4808 4942 5009 5074 5154 5304 5309 5377 5413 5434 5488 5498 5522 5670 5726 5772 5836 5929 6066 6217 6226 6273 6287 6308 6339 6385 6409 6523 6662 6766 6926 6953 7390 7763 8094 8109 8156 8224 8357 8424 8466 8591 8663 8746 8788 8790 8843 8845 8993 8995 9072 9403 9442 9476 9492 9662 9679 9801 9835 9843 9873 10004 10225 10375 10598 10812 10854 10899 10914 11103 11126 11142 11150 11165 11290 11314 11405 11412 11534 11633 11713 11732 11834 12228 12232 12390 12592 12654 12798 12846 12856 12890 12944 12983 13025 13036 13215 13487 13547 13568 13749 13763 13778 13791 14180 14252 14278 14290 14342 14419 14459 14502 14522 14539 14650 14693 14850 15030 15154 15174 15221 15227 15373 15861 15906 15962 16069 16220 16342 16393 16502 16518 16678 16689 17219 17266 17314 17425 17576 17605 17731 17752 17860 17944 17965 18115 18139 18614 18641 18821 19109 19219 19323 19327 19585 19766 19912 20127 20145 20278 20328 20402 20593 20640 20701 20753 21076 21177 21185 21477 21484 21568 21703 21726 21838 21901 21953 22708 22981 23096 23140 23177 23190 23201 23230 23342 23575 23583 23661 23774 23960 24016 24028 24102 24151 24160 24212 24558 24713 24729 24831 24924 25037 25102 25407 25766 25869 25880 25906 25966 26133 26183 26379 26462 26521 26575 26652 26676 26761 26906 26924 26975 27088 27462 27973 28122 28180 28400 28605 28664 28696 28987 29084 29196 29756 29784 30015 30576 30665 30759 30878 30965 31029 31073 31101 31130 31132 31145 31393 31399 31416 31425 31433 31478 31720 31742 31751 31768 32067 32211 32318 32372 32520 32561 32619 32645 32757 32848 32930 33116 33224 33281 33340 33456 33552 33717 33813 33818 33849 33854 33998 34074 34442 34446 34481 34508 34581 34817 34896 34905 34947 34990 35064 35079 35351 35690 35753 35802 35948 36288 36365 36379 36664 36697 36762 37408 37479 37595 38064 38238 38765 38788 38807 38932 38936 38950 39034 39154 39256 39284 39500 39693 39709 40007 40078 40242 40515 40692 40716 40784 40892 40932 40968 41163 41272 41460 41463 41556 41612 41721 41752 41763 41935 41941 42022 42115 42248 42285 42700 42758 42760 42845 42887 43065 43258 43296 43318 43639 43804 43989 44557 44669 44792 44879 44891 45107 45175 45265 45272 45334 45472 45535 45668 45669 45865 45902 45941 45992 46076 46113 46247 46320 46640 46681 46726 46734 46785 47107 47137 47589 47740 47742 47824 47910 48254 48283 48291 48334 48652 48705 48923 490608.650015785639275e-20 1.7003137259100215e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJS/190/1?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJS/190/1/table6Optical WDS entriesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintWDSThe WDS identification (Cat. B/wds)meta.idcharm_WDSWDS pair identifiermeta.code.multipcharf_WDS[a] Flag for HD 200560 (1)meta.codecharDiscWDS discoverer designationmeta.idcharPNamePrimary name (HD or HIP)meta.idcharNobsNumber of observationsmeta.numberintthetaCompanion position angledegpos.posAngintrhoCompanion separationarcsecpos.angDistancefloatEpochCompanion epoch of observationtime.epoch;obsintHIPHipparcos name of the system (added by CDS)meta.id;meta.mainintJ/ApJS/190/1/table8Accelerating proper motion solutionsStCompanion status (5)meta.codecharNoteCompanion reason note (6)meta.noteintrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHD? HD namemeta.idintnullablef_HD[cde] Flag on HD (1)meta.codecharHIPHipparcos name of primarymeta.id;meta.mainintH59[CGOX] Primary identification of companions in the Hipparcos catalog (2)meta.codecharpmRAHipparcos proper motion along RA (3)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloate_pmRAUncertainty in pmRAmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatpmDEHipparcos proper motion along DEmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decdoublee_pmDEUncertainty in pmDEmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatpmRA2? Tycho-2 proper motion along RA (3)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatnullablee_pmRA2? Uncertainty in pmRA2mas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatnullablepmDE2? Tycho-2 proper motion along DEmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatnullablee_pmDE2? Uncertainty in pmDE2mas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatnullablesigma? Significance of difference between Hipparcos Tycho-2 proper motions (4)pos.pm;arith.difffloatnullableMK05[Y] if proper-motion binary in Makarov & Kaplan 2005, Cat. J/AJ/129/2420meta.codecharF07[Y] if proper-motion binary in Frankowski et al., 2007, Cat. J/A+A/464/377)meta.codecharHIPc? HIP number of companion (added at CDS)meta.id.associntnullableHIP2Display the Hipparcos data (van Leeuven, 2007)meta.ref.urlcharJ/ApJS/190/1/table11Visual orbit solutionsHIPHipparcos namemeta.id;meta.mainintHDHD namemeta.idintrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTypeVisual orbit typemeta.codecharWDSThe WDS identificationmeta.idcharDiscWDS discoverer designationmeta.idcharNobs? Number of observationsmeta.numberintnullableDelT? Observational time spanyrtime.intervalintnullablePer? Orbital periodmeta.notedoublenullablex_PerUnits for Per (y = years, d = days)meta.unitcharGOrbit grade from ORB6, (1=definitive to 5=indeterminate) (1)meta.codeintr_GOrbit reference from ORB6, see refs.dat file (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharSB[1,2]? single-lined (1) or double-lined (2) SBmeta.codeintnullableStatusCompanion status (3)meta.codecharJ/ApJS/190/1/table13Survey stars and their stellar, brown dwarf, and planetary companionsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000? Sample star Hour of Right Ascension (J2000) (1)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullableDEJ2000? Sample star Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullableHD? HD namemeta.idintnullableONameOther name (1)meta.idN[N] System has specific note in Section 4.3. See notes.dat filemeta.codecharCompCompanion identificationmeta.code.multipcharf_Comp[abc] Flag on Comp (2)meta.codecharPer? Orbital period of the pairmeta.notedoublenullablex_PerUnits for Per (y = years, d = days, h = hours)meta.unitcharAsep? Angular separation between the componentsarcsecpos.angDistancefloatnullableLsep? Projected linear separation (3)AUpos.distancedoublenullableSt[YM] Companionship status: confirmed (Y) or candidate (M)meta.codecharVB[OPU] Visual binary orbit quality code (5)meta.codecharSB[12V] Spectroscopic binary code (6)meta.codecharCP[M-T] Common proper motion code (7)meta.codecharOT[ELM] Other unresolved companion code (8)meta.codecharCH[SV] Companions seen by CHARA LBOI (9)meta.codecharHIPHipparcos name of the system (added by CDS) (1)meta.id;meta.mainintJ/ApJS/190/1/table18Spectral types and masses of the companionsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintCompNameCompanion name (HD or HIP NNNNNN AA)meta.idcharONameAlternative namemeta.idSpTypeMK spectral typesrc.spTypecharr_SpTypeReference for SpType. See refs.dat filemeta.ref;pos.framecharMass? Companion masssolMassphys.massfloatnullablef_Mass[a] Flag on Mass (1)meta.codecharr_MassReference for Mass. See refs.dat filemeta.refcharHIPHipparcos name of the system (added by CDS)meta.id;meta.mainintJ/ApJS/190/1/refsReferences for table 1, 5, 11, 17 and 18recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRefReference identificationmeta.bibcharBibCodeBibcodemeta.bib.bibcodecharAutAuthor's namemeta.bib.authorcharComCommentmeta.notecharJ/ApJS/190/1/notesNotes on individual systems (from section 4.3)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHIPHipparcos name of the system (added at CDS)meta.id;meta.mainintHDHD number of the starmeta.idintTextText of notemeta.noteJ/ApJS/190/1/starsSample of 454 solar-type stars with physical parametersr_[Fe/H]Reference for [Fe/H]. See refs.dat filemeta.refcharr_logRHKReference for logRHK. See refs.dat filemeta.ref;pos.framecharr_SpT2Reference for SpType. See refs.dat filemeta.ref;pos.framecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000? Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullableDEJ2000? Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullableNSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.notecharHIPHipparcos name (Cat. I/239) (1)meta.id;meta.mainintprimaryHD? HD name (Cat. III/135)meta.idintnullableVmag? Hipparcos V band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.VfloatnullableB-VHipparcos (B-V) colormagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.Vfloatplx? Hipparcos parallaxmaspos.parallax.trigfloatnullabler_plx[12]? Reference for plxmeta.ref;pos.frameintnullablee_plx? The 1{sigma} uncertainty in plxmasstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatnullablevLplx? van Leeuwen 2007 (Cat. I/311) parallaxmaspos.parallax.trigfloatnullablee_vLplx? The 1{sigma} uncertainty in vLplxmasstat.errorfloatnullableSpT1MK Spectral typesrc.spTypecharr_SpT1? Spectral type reference. See refs.dat filemeta.ref;pos.frameintnullableHIP2Display the Hipparcos data (van Leeuven, 2007)meta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.refcharCompComponent identificationmeta.code.multipcharSpT2MK spectral typesrc.spTypecharMass? Stellar masssolMassphys.massfloatnullabler_MassReference for Mass. See refs.dat filemeta.refchar[Fe/H]? Metallicitylog(Sun)phys.abund.ZfloatnullablelogRHK? Chromospheric emission measure log(R'_HK_)phys.emissMeasurefloatnullableJ/ApJS/190/1/table4CPM (Common Proper Motion) companions identifiedrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTypeCPM companion type: Associated or Refutedmeta.codecharWDSThe WDS identifier (Cat. B/wds)meta.idcharDiscWDS discoverer designationmeta.idcharm_DiscWDS pair identifiermeta.code.multipcharPNamePrimary name (HD or HIP)meta.idcharf_PName[a] New companion discovered by this effort.meta.idcharrhoCPM candidate companion separationarcsecpos.angDistanceintthetaCPM candidate companion position angledegpos.posAngintEpochCPM candidate companion epoch of observationtime.epoch;obsfloatNameCPM candidate companion namemeta.idCodeReason code for association/refutation (3)meta.codeintHIPHipparcos name of the system (added by CDS)meta.id;meta.mainintJ/ApJS/190/1/table5Spectral type, proper motion, and photometry of CPM (Common Proper Motion) candidatesHDPrimary namemeta.idintrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTypeCPM companion type (1)meta.codecharrho? Separationarcsecpos.angDistanceintnullableSpTypeCPM candidate MK spectral typesrc.spTypecharr_SpType? SpType reference. See refs.dat file.meta.ref;pos.frameintnullablepmRA? CPM candidate proper motion along RAmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.raintnullablepmDE? CPM candidate proper motion along DEmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decintnullabler_pmRA? Proper motion reference. See refs.dat file.meta.ref;pos.pm;pos.eq.raintnullableVmagCCD V-band magnitude of the CPM candidatemagphot.mag;em.opt.Vfloatr_VmagVmag reference. See refs.dat file.meta.ref;pos.frameintRmag? CCD R-band magnitude of the CPM candidatemagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatnullabler_Rmag? Rmag reference. See refs.dat file.meta.ref;pos.frameintnullableImag? CCD I-band magnitude of the CPM candidatemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullabler_Imag? Imag reference. See refs.dat file.meta.ref;pos.frameintnullableNo? Observation numbermeta.idintnullableJmagCPM candidate 2MASS J-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.JfloatHmagCPM candidate 2MASS H-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.HfloatKsmagCPM candidate 2MASS Ks-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.KfloatDistCPM candidate distancepcpos.angDistancefloatf_Dist[abc] Flag on Dist (2)meta.codechare_DistDist errorpcstat.errorfloatHIPHipparcos name of the system (added by CDS)meta.id;meta.mainint