J/ApJ/996/69ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/996/69CDSMiller D.R.Caiazzo I.Heyl J.Richer H.B.Hollands M.A.,Tremblay P.-E.El-badry K.Rodriguez A.C.Vanderbosch Z.P.2026-03-26T08:34:00Z2026-03-26T09:22:25ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fropen-star-clusterswhite-dwarf-starsspectroscopyvisible-astronomyThe initial-final mass relation (IFMR) links a star's birth mass to the mass of its white dwarf (WD) remnant, providing key constraints on stellar evolution. Open clusters offer the most straightforward way to empirically determine the IFMR, as their well-defined ages allow for direct progenitor lifetime estimates. We construct the most comprehensive open cluster WD IFMR to date by combining new spectroscopy of 22 WDs with an extensive literature review of WDs with strong cluster associations. To minimize systematics, we restrict our analysis to spectroscopically confirmed hydrogen-atmosphere (DA) WDs consistent with single-stellar origins. We separately analyze a subset with reliable Gaia-based astrometric membership assessments, as well as a full sample that adds WDs with strong cluster associations whose membership cannot be reliably assessed with Gaia. The Gaia-based sample includes 69 spectroscopically confirmed DA WDs, more than doubling the sample size of previous Gaia-based open cluster IFMRs. The full sample, which includes 53 additional literature WDs, increases the total number of cluster WDs by over 50% relative to earlier works. We provide functional forms for both the Gaia-based and full-sample IFMRs. The Gaia-based result useful for Mi>=2.67_{sun}_ is Mf=0.179-0.100H(Mi-3.84M}_{sun}_x(Mi-3.84M_{sun}_)+0.628M_{sun}_, where H(x) is the Heaviside step function. Comparing our IFMR to recent literature, we identify significant deviations from best-fit IFMRs derived from both Gaia-based volume-limited samples of field WDs and double WD binaries, with the largest discrepancy occurring for initial masses of about 5M_{sun}_.2026ApJ...996...69Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/996/69CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/996/69https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/996/69http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/996/69https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/996/69https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/996/69http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/996/69GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/996/69/ifmr_wds (Spectroscopic and derived quantities for final DA white dwarf used in the IFMR analysis)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/996/69/ifmr_wds?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/996/69/ifmr_wds?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/996/69/ifmr_wds?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true159.69086-58.8402150.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/996/69/clusters (Adopted cluster parameters)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/996/69/clusters?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/996/69/clusters?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/996/69/clusters?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true99.722625-42.83447220.0055555555555555566/279 326 463 473 1554 1624 1733 2386 2394-2395 2417 2436 3123 3138 3259 3263 3601-3604 3608 3611 3985 4298 4685 4690 4696 4698-4699 4702 4709 4720 4726 5866 7168 13296 13962 14058 14090 14157 14162 14175 14363 14644 14752 15424 15437 15450 20797 20799 21416 21682 23101 23407 23468 23495 23539 23544-23545 24339 24345 24522 28444 28482 29045 29728 29730 32188 32191 37583 37592-37593 37616 37933 37938 37944-37945 38018 39288 39486 42955https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/996/69?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/996/69/ifmr_wdsSpectroscopic and derived quantities for final DA white dwarf used in the IFMR analysisrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameIdentifier assigned in this workmeta.id;meta.maincharNamelitLiterature identifiermeta.idcharClusterHost cluster namemeta.id.parentcharRA_ICRSRight ascension (ICRS)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDE_ICRSDeclination (ICRS)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainrPosSource of the adopted coordinatesmeta.bibcharGaiaDR3? Gaia DR3 source identifiermeta.idnullablef_GaiaDR3[y/n] Gaia-supported membership flag (1)meta.codecharlogglog10(surface gravity in cm/s2)log(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloatE_loggUpper uncertainty in log_glog(cm.s**-2)stat.error;stat.maxfloate_loggLower uncertainty in log_glog(cm.s**-2)stat.errorfloatSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableTeffBest-fit effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effective;meta.modelledintE_TeffUpper uncertainty in teffKstat.error;stat.maxinte_TeffLower uncertainty in teffKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveintrspecSource of the spectroscopymeta.bibcharrfitsourceSource of the atmospheric-parameter fitmeta.bibcharWDMassWhite dwarf masssolMassphys.massfloatE_WDMassUpper uncertainty in WDMasssolMassstat.error;stat.maxfloate_WDMassLower uncertainty in WDMasssolMassstat.errorfloatTcoolWhite dwarf cooling ageMyrtime.agedoubleE_TcoolUpper uncertainty in TcoolMyrstat.error;stat.maxfloate_TcoolLower uncertainty in TcoolMyrstat.errorfloatRadWhite dwarf radiuskmphys.size.radiusintE_RadUpper uncertainty in Radkmstat.error;stat.maxinte_RadLower uncertainty in Radkmstat.errorintProgMassProgenitor masssolMassphys.massfloatE_ProgMassUpper uncertainty in prog_masssolMassstat.error;stat.maxfloate_ProgMassLower uncertainty in prog_masssolMassstat.errorfloatrSourceSource of the derived parametersmeta.bibcharJ/ApJ/996/69/clustersAdopted cluster parametersSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullable_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintClusterCluster or association namemeta.id;meta.maincharAV? V-band extinction (1)magphys.absorptionfloatnullableZMetal mass fractionphys.abund.ZfloatAgeAdopted cluster ageMyrtime.ageintE_AgeUpper uncertainty in ageMyrstat.error;stat.maxinte_AgeLower uncertainty in ageMyrstat.error;time.ageintr_AgeSource of the adopted isochrone fitmeta.ref;pos.framechar