J/ApJ/960/58ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/960/58CDSHaerken H.Li G.-W.Li M.Duan F.Zhao Y.2026-04-14T12:23:41Z2026-04-14T13:14:39ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frm-starsyoung-stellar-objectsvisible-astronomyspectroscopystellar-spectral-typesinfrared-sourcesstellar-agesstellar-massesThe full disk, full of gas and dust, determines the upper limit of planet masses, and its lifetime is critical for planet formation, especially for giant planets. In this work, we studied the evolutionary timescales of the full disks of T Tauri stars (TTSs) and their relations to accretion. Combined with Gaia EDR3, Two Micron All Sky Survey, and Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer data, 1077 disk-bearing TTS candidates were found in LAMOST DR8, and stellar parameters were obtained. Among them, 783 are newly classified by spectra as classical T Tauri stars (CTTSs; 169) or weak-lined T Tauri stars (WTTSs). Based on EW and FWHM of H{alpha}, 157 TTSs in accretion were identified, with ~82% also having full disks. For TTSs with M<0.35M_{sun}_, about 80% seem to already lose their full disks at ~0.1Myr, which may explain their lower mass, while the remaining 20% with full disks evolve at similar rates of non-full disks within 5Myr, allowing enough time and material to form giant planets. The fraction of accreting TTSs to disk-bearing TTSs is stable at ~10% and can last ~5-10Myr, suggesting that full disks and accretion evolve with similar rates as non-full disks. For TTSs with M>0.35M_{sun}_, almost all full disks can survive more than 0.1Myr, most for 1 Myr and some even for 20Myr. For TTSs with M>0.35M_{sun}_, almost all full disks can survive more than 0.1Myr, most for 1Myr, and some even for 20Myr, which implies planets are more likely to be formed in their disks than those of M<0.35M_{sun}_, and thus M dwarfs with M>0.35M_{sun}_ can have more planets. The fraction of full-disk TTSs to disk-bearing TTSs decreases with age following the relation f{propto}t^-0.35^, and similar relations existed in the fraction of accreting TTSs and the fraction of full-disk CTTSs, suggesting faster full disks and accretion evolution than non-full disks. For full-disk stars, the ratio of accretion of lower-mass stars is systematically lower than that of higher-mass stars, confirming the dependence of accretion on stellar mass, which may be reflective of an observational bias in the detection of accretion levels, with the lower-mass stars crossing below the detection threshold earlier than higher-mass stars.2024ApJ...960...58Hhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/960/58CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)II/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+ 2013)II/360 : Gaia DR2 x AllWISE catalogue (Marton+, 2019)I/350 : Gaia EDR3 (Gaia Collaboration, 2020)I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)V/162 : LAMOST DR11 catalogs (Luo+, 2026)J/A+A/327/1039 : Structure and evolution of low-mass stars (Chabrier+ 1997)J/AJ/117/354 : OB associations from Hipparcos (de Zeeuw+, 1999)J/AJ/128/805 : LM stars in the Cepheus OB2 region (Sicilia-Aguilar+ 2004)J/A+A/504/461 : YSOs in L1630N and L1641 (Fang+, 2009)J/ApJS/190/100 : NIR proper motion survey using 2MASS (Kirkpatrick+, 2010)J/ApJS/186/111 : Spitzer observations of Taurus members (Luhman+, 2010)J/ApJ/745/19 : Binary systems in Taurus-Auriga (Kraus+, 2012)J/ApJ/758/31 : IR photometry for members of Upper Sco (Luhman+, 2012)J/ApJ/784/126 : IR photometry of all known members in Taurus (Esplin+, 2014)J/ApJ/786/97 : Photospheric properties of T Tauri stars (Herczeg+, 2014)J/ApJ/786/29 : Catalog of distances to molecular clouds (Schlafly+, 2014)J/AJ/150/95 : Masses and ages of YSOs in Per OB2 (Azimlu+, 2015)J/ApJ/827/142 : ALMA obs. of GKM stars in Upper Sco (Barenfeld+, 2016)J/MNRAS/461/794 : Scorpius-Centaurus K-Type Stars (Pecaut+, 2016)J/AJ/153/240 : ALMA survey of protopl. disks in sigma Ori (Ansdell+, 2017)J/AJ/153/188 : Spectroscopy of the foreground pop. in Orion A (Fang+, 2017)J/AJ/156/75 : Circumstellar disks in the Upper Sco assoc. (Esplin+, 2018)J/ApJ/869/72 : IN-SYNC. VIII. YSOs in NGC1333, IC348 & Orion A (Yao+, 2018)J/MNRAS/486/4590 : 139 high-amplitude variable stars (Contreras+, 2019)J/other/Sci/365.1441 : GJ 3512 radial velocity & light curves (Morales+, 2019)J/A+A/629/A67 : T Tauri in NGC 2264 cluster (Sousa+, 2019)J/A+A/642/A115 : CARMENES input catalogue of M dwarfs. V. (Cifuentes+, 2020)J/ApJ/900/14 : Runaways stars from the Orion Nebula Cluster (Farias+, 2020)J/MNRAS/495/3104 : Runaway and walkaway stars from the ONC (Schoettler+, 2020)J/A+A/633/A51 : Distances to molecular clouds in SFR (Zucker+, 2020)J/ApJS/256/46 : Dist. & color excesses of high gal. mol. clouds (Sun+, 2021)J/AJ/163/25 : Circumstellar disk pop. in Sco-Cen complex (Luhman, 2022)J/AJ/163/24 : Stellar populations in the Sco-Cen complex (Luhman, 2022)J/A+A/663/A48 : Two Saturn-mass planets around M dwarfs (Quirrenbach+, 2022)J/AJ/163/74 : A census of the low accretors. I. (Thanathibodee+, 2022)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/960/58https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/960/58http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/960/58https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/960/58https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/960/58http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/960/58GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/960/58/table1 (M-type T Tauri stars (TTS) catalog)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/960/58/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/960/58/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/960/58/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true79.3696388927.075016110.0055555555555555565/213 270 292 299-300 302-303 307 384-385 388 390 5701 5705 5708-5710 5713-5715 5720-5721 5723 5726 5745 5931 5934 6070 6073 6/246 271 273-274 302 307 314 316 319 335 337-338 342 344 348 358 360 369 371-372 377 379-380 383 396 453 461 475 484 488 504 511 599 629 709 721 839 846 849 857 859-860 862 880-881 893 955 991 1025 1027 1031 1039-1040 1042-1043 1047-1050 1052-1054 1061 1066 1072-1073 1075-1076 1094 1098 1111-1112 1114-1115 1117 1119 1123-1124 1126-1127 1134 1146-1147 1149 1156-1157 1159 1161 1167 1173 1176-1177 1179-1182 1187 1190-1192 1194-1195 1204-1206 1225 1248 1251 1256 1258-1260 1264 1280-1281 1321 1376 1544-1545 1547-1549 1557 1564 1568 1590 1606-1607 21432 21434 21437-21439 21480 21486 21490 22176 22180 22240 22442 22655 22740 22791 22797 22799-22800 22808 22812 22814-22815 22825 22829-22831 22844 22846 22848 22850-22851 22866-22867 22871-22872 22874 22878 22888-22889 22891 22896-22898 22908 22910 22923 22931-22932 22943 22985 22989-22990 22992-22993 22995-22996 22998-22999 23001-23003 23006 23012 23024 23030-23031 23036 23039 23133 23254 23279 23291 23310 23354 23361-23362 23364 23376 23379-23380 23383 23387-23389 23395 23401 23407 23409 23416 23422 23440 23445 23495 23498 23501 23503-23504 23523 23525 23533 23539 23542-23543 23548-23549 23557 23560-23561 23564 23566 23572 23574 23584-23585 23588-23589 23597 23607-23608 23611 23614 23627 23631 23637-23639 23641 23644 23673 23680 23682 23685 23689-23691 23693-23698 23704-23705 23707 23709 23711 23715-23717 23719-23720 23728 23730 23732 23741 23764 23766-23768 23772-23773 23782 23793 23795 23801-23802 23946 24067 24072 24091 24097 24100 24105 24107 24113 24117 24131 24136 24146 24148 24152 24154 24157 24162 24164 24171-24173 24180 24190-24191 24201 24203 24219 24221 24224 24227 24233 24237-24239 24241 24244 24249 24253 24256 24262 24268 24274 24286-24289 24300 24308 24310 24318-24319 24333 24353 24448-24449 24452 24454 24458 24468 24485 24490-24491https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/960/58?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/960/58/table1M-type T Tauri stars (TTS) catalogrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1/1077] Sequential running numbermeta.idintLAMOST[502225/797212075] LAMOST Observation Identifier (obsid)meta.id;meta.mainlongGaiaGaia EDR3 identifiermeta.id.crossWISEAALLWISE position-based designationmeta.id.crosscharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharl_logAge1Limit on logAge1meta.code.errorcharRAJ2000[35.86/102.01] LAMOST Right Ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[-7.3/39.6] LAMOST Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainGLON[145.5/210.4] Galactic longitudedegpos.galactic.lonGLAT[-38.2/3.8] Galactic latitudedegpos.galactic.latdoubleTeff[2862/3999] Surface Effective Temperature (1)Kphys.temperature.effectiveintlogg[2/4.75] Log of surface gravity (1)log(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloatlogAge1[4/8] PARSEC-based, log of Age (2)log(yr)time.agefloatMstar1[0.1/0.8] PARSEC-based Mass (2)solMassphys.massfloatSpTSpectral Typesrc.spTypecharEWHa[5/209] Equivalent width, H{alpha}, Angstroms0.1nmspect.line.eqWidth;em.line.HalphafloatFWHM[2.57/9.9] Full-width at Half max, H{alpha}0.1nmspect.line.width;em.line.HalphafloatLiI[-NY? ] LiI in Medium-resolution spectra? (3)meta.codecharTTS[WC] TTS Type (4)src.classcharAcc[-Y] Y = Accretion detected (157 occurrences)meta.codecharDisk[-Y] Y = Full disk detected (238 occurrences)meta.codecharNew[-Y] Y = Newly spectrally identified TTS (783 occurrences)meta.codecharE(Ks-W3)[-1.9/5.71]? Color excess, Ks-W3magphot.color.excess;em.IR.K;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullableE(Ks-W4)[-0.07/9.1]? Color excess, Ks-W4magphot.color.excess;em.IR.K;em.IR.15-30umfloatnullableKs-W2[0.07/2.9] Color, Ks-W2magphot.color;em.IR.K;em.IR.4-8umfloatplx[1/13.2] Gaia EDR3 parallaxmaspos.parallax.trigfloatl_logAge2[<?] Limit flag on logAge2 (5)meta.code.errorcharlogAge2[5/8] MIST-based, log of Age (5)log(yr)time.agefloatl_Mstar2[<] Limit flag on Mstar2 (5)meta.code.errorcharMstar2[0.1/0.8] MIST-based Mass (5)solMassphys.massfloatRegionRegion (6)meta.notechar