J/ApJ/952/68ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/952/68CDSSun Q.Wang S.X.Mann A.W.Tofflemire B.M.Kraus A.L.Gan T.,Barber M.G.2025-11-19T14:10:09Z2025-11-19T14:22:42ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frexoplanetsstellar-associationstwo-color-diagramsphotometryvisible-astronomyradial-velocitystellar-agesultraviolet-astronomyinfrared-astronomyYoung planets (<1Gyr) are helpful for studying the physical processes occurring at the early stage of planet evolution. TOI-251 b is a recently discovered sub-Neptune orbiting a young G dwarf, which has an imprecise age estimation of 40-320Myr. We select TOI-251 sibling candidates based on kinematics and spatial proximity to TOI-251 and further use the color-magnitude diagram to refine the list and to compare to multiple open clusters. We report the stellar rotational period for 321 sibling candidates in a 50pc radius around TOI-251 by analyzing their stellar light curves and find a color-rotational period sequence that lies in between the Group X (300Myr) and Pleiades (120Myr) members, suggesting an age ~200Myr. A quantitative age analysis using gyrochronology relations gives 204+/-45Myr, consistent with the average Li age of selected siblings (238+/-38Myr) and the Gaia variability age (193_-54_^102^Myr). The detection fraction of comoving candidates that have a short rotational period is 68.1%, much higher than the typical value in the field (14%-16% from Kepler). The overdensity of young stars and consistency in age of stellar siblings suggest a potential young association candidate in the Phoenix-Grus constellation. Though TOI-251 b has a radius larger than most of its field-age counterparts, we are uncertain whether TOI-251 is inflated, due to a lack of knowledge on the planet's mass.2023ApJ...952...68Shttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/952/68CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/311 : WISE All-Sky Data Release (Cutri+ 2012)II/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+ 2013)II/335 : Revised cat. of GALEX UV sources (GUVcat_AIS GR6+7) (Bianchi+ 2017)IV/34 : K2 Ecliptic Plane Input Catalog (EPIC) (Huber+, 2017)IV/39 : TESS Input Catalog version 8.2 (TIC v8.2) (Paegert+, 2021)I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)J/A+A/331/81 : Hyades membership (Perryman+ 1998)J/ApJ/687/1264 : Age estimation for solar-type dwarfs (Mamajek+, 2008)J/ApJ/695/679 : Stellar rotation in M35 (Meibom+, 2009)J/ApJ/733/115 : Rotation periods and membership in M34 (Meibom+, 2011)J/MNRAS/416/3108 : Membership of Sco OB2 moving group (Rizzuto+, 2011)J/ApJ/756/L33 : Rvel of 2 hot Jupiters in Praesepe (Quinn+, 2012)J/ApJS/208/9 : Intrinsic colors & temperatures of PMS stars (Pecaut+, 2013)J/AJ/147/146 : Spectroscopy of Tuc-Hor candidate members (Kraus+, 2014)J/ApJS/211/24 : Rotation periods of Kepler MS stars (McQuillan+, 2014)J/A+A/588/A103 : 2nd ROSAT all-sky survey (2RXS) source cat. (Boller+, 2016)J/AJ/152/113 : Pleiades members with K2 LCs. I. Periods (Rebull+, 2016)J/AJ/153/128 : WOCS. LXXV. Hyades&Praesepe lithium data (Cummings+, 2017)J/AJ/156/37 : Li abund. of cool dwarfs in M35 (Anthony-Twarog+, 2018)J/ApJ/855/115 : Lithium abundances of KOIs from CKS spectra (Berger+, 2018)J/A+A/613/A63 : Lithium content for 148 Pleiades stars (Bouvier+, 2018)J/A+A/618/A93 : Gaia DR2 open clusters in the MW (Cantat-Gaudin+, 2018)J/ApJ/856/23 : BANYAN. XI. The BANYAN {Sigma} algorithm (Gagne+, 2018)J/AJ/156/102 : TESS Input Catalog & Candidate Target List (Stassun+, 2018)J/ApJ/879/100 : K2 rot. periods for Hyades & Praesepe (Douglas+, 2019)J/A+A/633/A53 : TESS planet candidates classification (Osborn+, 2020)J/AJ/160/239 : Cluster difference imaging phot. survey. II. (Bouma+, 2020)J/ApJ/898/27 : Ages For Field LowEr-mass Stars (Stanford-Moore+, 2020)J/AJ/159/19 : SOAR TESS survey. I. (Ziegler+, 2020)J/AJ/159/220 : WOCS LXXIX. M48. I. WIYN/Hydra sp. for M48 (Sun+, 2020)J/ApJS/250/20 : Rotation periods in TOIs (Canto+, 2020)J/MNRAS/500/1158 : Rotation & lithium depletion of M35 dwarfs (Jeffries+, 2021)J/ApJ/917/23 : SPYGLASS. I. Mapping young stellar structures (Kerr+, 2021)J/AJ/161/65 : THYME. IV. 3 Exoplanets around TOI-451 B (Newton+, 2021)J/ApJS/254/39 : Exoplanets from TESS first 2yr obs (Guerrero+, 2021)J/ApJS/255/17 : Rotation & activity for Kepler stars. II. (Santos+, 2021)J/AJ/161/171 : THYME. V. A new stellar assoc. (Tofflemire+, 2021)J/A+A/661/A23 : Exoplanet X-ray irradiation & evaporation (Foster+, 2022)J/AJ/164/88 : THYME. VIII. MELANGE-3 candidate members (Barber+, 2022)J/AJ/163/121 : Radial velocity & light curve of Kepler 1627A (Bouma+, 2022)J/AJ/163/228 : Limb-darkening coeff. of TESS exoplanets (Patel+, 2022)J/AJ/164/215 : Candidate members of Cep-Her, RSG-5 and CH-2 (Bouma+, 2022)J/ApJS/260/8 : 541 new open cluster candidates (He+, 2022)J/ApJS/259/33 : Faint-star TOIs from TESS Primary Mission (Kunimoto+, 2022)J/AJ/163/156 : THYME. VI. TOI-1227 radial velocity (Mann+, 2022)J/AJ/164/115 : TESS Hunt for Young and Maturing Exopl. VII. (Newton+, 2022)J/AJ/168/177 : Detecting exoplanet transits: X-ray data (Cilley+, 2024)J/A+A/699/A100 : Exoplanets & host stars Gaia spect. cat. (de Laverny+, 2025)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/952/68https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/952/68http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/952/68https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/952/68https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/952/68http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/952/68GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/952/68/table1 (Parameters for TOI-251 sibling candidates)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/952/68/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/952/68/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/952/68/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true353.0620734-37.25586270.0055555555555555566/16392 16398 16400 16405 16410 16430 16435 16454 16464 16471 16480 16485 16491-16492 16495 16509 16512 16515 16535 16552-16553 16562-16563 16571-16572 16574 16591 16606-16607 16772 16779-16781 16787 16789 16805 16828 16838 16896-16898 16901 16906 16911 16915-16916 16930 16933-16934 16938 16951 16958 16973-16974 16978 16980 16990 17008 17038 17044 17049 17051 17065 17071 17096 17100 17147 17153 17158 17164 17174 17176 17180 17182 17192 17198 17209-17210 17258-17259 17307 17320 18451 18457 18466 18512 18518 34827 34848 34862-34863 34871 34877 34884 34956 34961 34971 34980 34983 34986 35000 35003 35009 35013 35034 35039 35047 35071 35215 35256 35329 35345 35355 35363 35388 35397 35405 35422 35425 35429 35438 35441 35449 35464 35467 35470 35473-35474 35497 35499 35511 35516 35522 35529 35536 35541 35559 35583 35591 35625 35657 35693 35695 35722 35742 35775 35815 45522 45540 45566 45917 45927 45940 45946 45948 46036 46044 46065 46084 46108 46121 46133 46155 46158 46160 46187 46193 46201 46212 46249 46266 46268 46288 46315 46324-46326 46328 46330 46334 46349 46355 46359-46360 46367 46377 46386 46390 46393 46396 46403 46407 46420-46421 46423 46426 46432 46436 46440 46462 46477 46481 46490 46492 46497 46524 46544 46555 46562 46564 46569 46574 46580 46590 46598 46604 46606 46609 46629-46630 46662 46672 46677 46682 46695 46708 46729 46735 46742 46753 46757 46785 46804 46812 46832 46843 46845 46847 46851 46855 46863 46872 46882 46899 46907 46916 46927 46931 46941 46945 46949 46953 46958 46963 46965-46966 46969 46981-46982 46986 46995 47003 47022 47048 47051 47053 47055-47056 47066 47081 47084 47086 48134 48194 48205 48212-48213 48219 48385 48405 48430 484651.9867573869263685e-19 3.916500758235022e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/952/68?format=asciiUVOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/952/68/table1Parameters for TOI-251 sibling candidatesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGaiaGaia DR3 identifiermeta.id;meta.mainTIC[2733583/2056038856] TESS Input Catalog identifiermeta.idlongprimaryRA_ICRSRight Ascension (ICRS) at Epoch=2016.0degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDE_ICRS[-65/-8.8] Declination (ICRS) at Epoch=2016.0degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainGmag[3.7/19.5] Gaia DR3 G-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharplx[6.7/17] Gaia DR3 parallaxmaspos.parallax.trigfloatRpmag[2.7/18]? Gaia DR3 RP-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.RfloatnullableBP-RP[-0.08/4.2]? Gaia DR3 BP-RP colormagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.RfloatnullableBP/RP[1/2.8]? Gaia DR3 BP/RP flux excessmagphot.flux;arith.ratio;em.optfloatnullableVoff[0/5] Tangential velocity offsetkm/sphys.veloc;arith.difffloatSep[0/29.5] Spatial separation to TOI-251degpos.angDistancefloatSepProj[0/50] (3D) projected separation to TOI-251pcpos.distancefloatRVelpre[-12.2/8.1] Predicted radial velocitykm/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatRVelobs[-6.3/3.4]? Gaia DR3 observed radial velocitykm/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatnullablee_RVelobs[0.14/25.2]? Uncertainty in RVel-obskm/sstat.error;spect.dopplerVelocfloatnullableVtot[0/6.5]? Total velocity offsetkm/sphys.veloc;arith.difffloatnullableSpTGaia DR3 Spectral Type (1)src.spTypecharFnuvJ[5e-06/0.023]? GALEX (II/335) Flux ratio, F_NUV_/F_J_ (https://doi.org/10.26131/irsa166)phot.flux;arith.ratiodoublenullableGALEXDisplay data from GALEX (II/335) within 3"meta.ref.urlcharW1-W3[-0.22/1]? ALLWISE (II/311) W1-W3 color (https://doi.org/10.26131/irsa1)magphot.color;em.IR.3-4um;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullableWISEADisplay data from AllWISE (II/328) and WISE (II/311) within 3"meta.ref.urlcharRUWE[0.78/9.6] Gaia DR3 renormalized unit weight errorstat.errorfloatProt[1/13.8]? Derived stellar rotational perioddtime.periodfloatnullablee_Prot[0.06/1.7]? Uncertainty in Protdstat.error;time.periodfloatnullableCommComments (2)meta.notecharSibSiblingship (3)meta.codecharJ/ApJ/952/68/table2Siblingship and gyrochronology age for TOI-251 comoving candidatesTIC[5774692/616064178] TESS Input Catalog identifiermeta.id;meta.mainlonge_Prot[0.06/1.4]? Uncertainty in Protdstat.error;time.periodfloatnullableAge1[106/757]? Age, Mamajek & Hillenbrand (2008) (5)Myrtime.ageintnullablee_Age1[34/521]? Uncertainty in Age1 (5)Myrstat.error;time.ageintnullableAge2[83/865]? Age, Meibom et al. (2009) (5)Myrtime.ageintnullablee_Age2[31/883]? Uncertainty in Age2 (5)Myrstat.error;time.ageintnullableSib[NUY] Siblingship (Y=sibling; U=Uncertain; or N=non-sibling)meta.codecharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintgrp[1/2] Subset (1)meta.noteintflagsSource flags (2)meta.code.errorcharGmag[8/15.2] Gaia DR3 G band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloatBP-RP[0.4/2.9] Gaia DR3 BP-RP colormagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.RfloatVoff[0/5] Tangential velocity offsetkm/sphys.veloc;arith.difffloatRVel[-6.3/3.1] Radial Velocitykm/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatRUWE[0.78/9] Gaia DR3 renormalized unit weight errorstat.errorfloatB-V0[0.27/1.81]? TIC dereddened B-V color (3)magphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.Vfloatnullablee_B-V0[0.029/0.35]? Uncertainty in B-V0 (3)magstat.error;phot.color;em.optfloatnullableProt[1.69/9.3]? Derived stellar rotational perioddtime.periodfloatnullablef_ProtFlag on Prot (4)meta.codecharJ/ApJ/952/68/table3EW and age posterior for selected candidatesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSimbadSIMBAD namemeta.id;meta.maincharONameOther namemeta.idcharTIC[12434574/224225541] TESS Input Cat. identifier (1)meta.idlongBP-RP[0.13/0.98] Gaia DR3 BP-RP colormagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.RfloatB-V0[0.08/0.85] TIC dereddened B-V colormagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.VfloatMmProt[NUY] Membership based on rotational periodmeta.code.membercharf_EWLi[*] *=treat EWLi<10mA as upper limit (1)meta.codecharEWLi[6/139] Lithium equivalent width, m{AA} (2)0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthintAge[210/437]? Age from BAFFLE posteriorMyrtime.ageintnullableAgeR1lo[53.9/331]? 1 {sigma} Age range, lower boundMyrtime.agefloatnullableAgeR1up[441/596]? 1 {sigma} Age range, upper boundMyrtime.ageintnullableAgeR2lo[13/168]? 2 {sigma} Age range, lower boundMyrtime.agefloatnullableAgeR2up[577/763]? 2 {sigma} Age range, upper boundMyrtime.ageintnullableSibLi[NUY] Association member based on its Li agemeta.codecharf_SibLiFinal membership for HD 798 uncertain (3)meta.codechar