J/ApJ/952/114ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/952/114CDSLazzarini M.Hinton K.Shariat C.Williams B.F.Garofali K.,Dalcanton J.J.Durbin M.Antoniou V.Binder B.Eracleous M.Vulic N.,Yang J.Wik D.Gasca A.Kuauhtzin Q.2025-12-01T06:24:56Z2025-10-30T13:09:33ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frx-ray-binary-starseffective-temperaturestellar-agesextinctionstellar-massesstellar-spectral-typeshst-photometryvisible-astronomyinfrared-astronomyultraviolet-astronomyastronomical-object-identificationgalaxiesWe present multiwavelength characterization of 65 high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB) candidates in M33. We use the Chandra ACIS survey of M33 (ChASeM33) catalog to select hard X-ray point sources that are spatially coincident with UV-bright point-source optical counterparts in the Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury: Triangulum Extended Region catalog, which covers the inner disk of M33 at near-IR, optical, and near-UV wavelengths. We perform spectral energy distribution fitting on multiband photometry for each point-source optical counterpart to measure its physical properties including mass, temperature, luminosity, and radius. We find that the majority of the HMXB companion star candidates are likely B-type main-sequence stars, suggesting that the HMXB population of M33 is dominated by Be X-ray binaries (Be-XRBs), as is seen in other Local Group galaxies. We use spatially resolved recent star formation history maps of M33 to measure the age distribution of the HMXB candidate sample and the HMXB production rate for M33. We find a bimodal distribution for the HMXB production rate over the last 80 Myr, with a peak at ~10 and ~40Myr, which match theoretical formation timescales for the most massive HMXBs and Be-XRBs, respectively. We measure an HMXB production rate of 107-136 HMXBs/(M_{sun}_/yr) over the last 50Myr and 150-199 HMXBs/(M_{sun}_/yr) over the last 80Myr. For sources with compact object classifications from overlapping NuSTAR observations, we find a preference for giant/supergiant companion stars in black hole HMXBs and main-sequence companion stars in neutron star HMXBs.2023ApJ...952..114Lhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/952/114CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/chandra : The Chandra Archive Log (CXC, 1999-2014)B/hst : HST Archived Exposures Catalog (STScI, 2007)II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)J/A+A/373/438 : X-ray view of M 33 after ROSAT (Haberl+, 2001)J/AJ/127/1531 : Star formation history of SMC (Harris+, 2004)J/A+A/426/11 : XMM-Newton survey of M33 (Pietsch+, 2004)J/ApJS/161/271 : The X-ray binary population in M33. I (Grimm+, 2005)J/A+A/455/1165 : Catalog of Galactic high-mass X-ray binaries (Liu+, 2006)J/A+A/448/1247 : XMM-Newton survey of M33 (Misanovic+, 2006)J/AJ/136/1039 : CaII index of SMC red giant branch stars (Carrera+, 2008)J/ApJS/174/366 : Chandra ACIS survey of M33 (ChaSeM33) (Plucinsky+, 2008)J/AJ/138/1243 : The star formation history of the LMC (Harris+, 2009)J/ApJ/696/729 : Fluxes and abundances of PNe in M33 (Magrini+, 2009)J/ApJS/187/495 : SNRs in M33 from optical and X-ray (Long+, 2010)J/A+A/512/A63 : Abundances of M33 HII regions (Magrini+, 2010)J/ApJS/193/31 : M33 Chandra ACIS survey: final catalog (Tullmann+, 2011)J/AJ/144/4 : Dwarf galaxies in the Local Group (McConnachie+, 2012)J/MNRAS/419/2095 : HMXBs in nearby galaxies (Mineo+, 2012)J/other/Sci/337.444 : RV curves of Galactic massive O stars (Sana+, 2012)J/ApJS/215/9 : PHAT X. UV-IR photometry of M31 stars (Williams+, 2014)J/MNRAS/451/3400 : Star clusters in M33 (Beasley+, 2015)J/ApJS/218/9 : Deep XMM-Newton survey of M33 (Williams+, 2015)J/A+A/586/A81 : High-mass X-ray binaries in the SMC (Haberl+, 2016)J/A+A/590/A122 : Spectra of high-mass X-ray binaries (Reig+, 2016)J/MNRAS/472/308 : Supernova remnants in M33: X-ray (Garofali+, 2017)J/ApJ/842/97 : Spectroscopic obs. of 413 HII regions in M33 (Lin+, 2017)J/ApJ/864/150 : BH & neutron stars in nearby galaxies (Vulic+, 2018)J/ApJS/239/13 : Chandra PHAT X-ray cat. of the M31 disk (Williams+, 2018)J/ApJ/887/20 : Deep Chandra survey of SMC. III. HMXBs (Antoniou+, 2019)J/MNRAS/489/3351 : Spectral energy distributions of AGNs (Brown+, 2019)J/ApJS/243/3 : Chandra observations of SINGS galaxies (Lehmer+, 2019)J/ApJ/906/120 : X-Ray binary population in M31 (Lazzarini+, 2021)J/ApJ/907/17 : HMXB-dominant galaxy sample & properties (Lehmer+, 2021)J/ApJS/253/53 : PHATTER. I. 22 million stars in M33 (Williams+, 2021)J/ApJ/938/81 : PHATTER. IV. Star cluster catalog (Johnson+, 2022)J/ApJ/949/32 : Progenitor masses of M33 SNRs (Koplitz+, 2023)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/952/114https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/952/114http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/952/114https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/952/114https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/952/114http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/952/114GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/952/114/table1 (X-ray properties and SED fit parameters for the 65 high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB) candidates)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/952/114/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/952/114/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/952/114/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true23.37579230.715470.0055555555555555566/21551.1796835550914393e-19 7.886974166154988e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/952/114?format=asciiX-rayUVOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/952/114/table1X-ray properties and SED fit parameters for the 65 high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB) candidatesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintChASeM33[192/545] Tullmann+ 2011, J/ApJS/193/31 (T11) ChASeM33 identifier (1)meta.id;meta.mainintprimarym_ChASeM33Number of companion star candidates for this X-ray sourcemeta.numberintnullableRAJ2000[23.37/23.65] T11 Right Ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[30.5/30.9] T11 Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainePos[0.5/1] T11 error on the X-ray source positionarcsecstat.error;posfloatNamePHATTER, Williams+ (2021, J/ApJS/253/53) position-based name (2)meta.id.assoccharCPSep[0/1.1]? Separation, PHATTER star and ChASeM33 X-ray sourcesarcsecpos.angDistancefloatnullableW15? Williams+ (2015, J/ApJS/218/9) XMM-Newton catalog number (<[WWH2015] NNNN> in Simbad)meta.id.associntnullableLx[7e+33/8.8e+38] X-ray, 0.35-8.0keV Luminosity, erg/s (2)1e-07Wphys.luminosity;em.X-rayfloatlogTeff[4.0/4.8]? log, effective temperature (3)log(K)phys.temperature.effectivefloatnullableE_logTeff[0.1/0.5]? Upper uncertainty on logTefflog(K)stat.error;stat.max;phys.temperature.effectivefloatnullablee_logTeff[0.1/0.2]? Lower uncertainty on logTefflog(K)stat.error;stat.min;phys.temperature.effectivefloatnullablelogL[2.4/6.1]? log, Bolometric luminosity, erg/s (3)log(1e-07W)phys.luminosity;phot.flux.bolfloatnullableE_logL[0.1/1.8]? Upper uncertainty on logLlog(1e-07W)stat.error;stat.max;phys.luminosityfloatnullablee_logL[0.1/0.7]? Lower uncertainty on logLlog(1e-07W)stat.error;stat.min;phys.luminosityfloatnullableRstar[2.8/72.5]? Radius (3)solRadphys.size.radiusfloatnullableE_Rstar[0.1/6.1]? Upper uncertainty on RstarsolRadstat.error;stat.max;phys.size.radiusfloatnullablee_Rstar[0.1/8.9]? Lower uncertainty on RstarsolRadstat.error;stat.min;phys.size.radiusfloatnullableAv[0/4.8]? Dust extinction at V-band (3)magphys.absorptionfloatnullableE_Av[0.1/0.7]? Upper uncertainty on Avmagstat.error;stat.max;phys.absorptionfloatnullablee_Av[0/1.1]? Lower uncertainty on Avmagstat.error;stat.min;phys.absorptionfloatnullableMstar[4/78]? Mass (3)solMassphys.massintnullableE_Mstar[1/132]? Upper uncertainty on MstarsolMassstat.error;stat.max;phys.massintnullablee_Mstar[1/40]? Lower uncertainty on MstarsolMassstat.error;stat.min;phys.massintnullableAge[1/100]? Age, from SED fit (3)Myrtime.ageintnullableE_Age[0/73]? Upper uncertainty on AgeMyrstat.error;stat.max;time.ageintnullablee_Age[0/99]? Lower uncertainty on AgeMyrstat.error;stat.min;time.ageintnullableAge2[0/69] Age, from Median SFH (4)Myrtime.ageintE_Age2[0/48] Upper uncertainty on Age2Myrstat.error;stat.max;time.ageinte_Age2[0/56] Lower uncertainty on Age2Myrstat.error;stat.min;time.ageintL22[151/1821] Region number in the L22 SFH maps (4)obs.fieldintSpTMost likely spectral type (range)src.spTypecharClassT11T11 Classification (5)src.classcharG18Garofali+ (2018MNRAS.479.3526G) HMXB catalog position-based namemeta.id.assoccharY22? Yang+ (2022ApJ...930...64Y) NuSTAR catalog number (6)meta.id.associntnullableClassY22Yang+ (2022) Class (6)src.classcharG05Grimm+ (2005, J/ApJS/161/271) catalog namemeta.id.assoccharT11Display data from Tullmann+ 2011, J/ApJS/193/31meta.ref.urlcharJ/ApJ/952/114/table3PHATTER photometry for 64 HMXB companion star candidatesChASeM33[192/545] Tullmann+ (2011, J/ApJS/193/31) ChASeM33 identifiermeta.id.associntprimaryrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNamePHATTER, Williams+ (2021, J/ApJS/253/53) position-based namemeta.id;meta.maincharF110W[19/24.4]? PHATTER HST/WFC3 near-IR F110W magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.JfloatnullableF160W[18.4/25]? PHATTER HST/WFC3 near-IR F160W magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.HfloatnullableF814W[18.9/24] PHATTER HST/ACS optical F814W magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.IfloatF475W[18.7/24.7] PHATTER HST/ACS optical F475W magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.BfloatF336W[17/24] PHATTER HST/WFC3 F336W near-UV magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.UfloatF275W[16.67/25.32] PHATTER HST/WFC3 F275W near-UV magnitudemagphot.mag;em.UV.200-300nmfloatJ/ApJ/952/114/table5Values used to determine best HMXB candidate sampleChASeM33[192/545] Tullmann+ (2011, J/ApJS/193/31) ChASeM33 identifiermeta.id;meta.mainintprimaryrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNamePHATTER, Williams+ (2021, J/ApJS/253/53) position-based namemeta.id.assoccharHR1[-0.9/3.7] Chandra Hardness Ratio (1)phot.flux;arith.ratiofloatHR2[-0.4/3] Chandra Hardness Ratio (1)phot.flux;arith.ratiofloatIRColor[-0.7/1.6]? F110W-F160W near-IR colormagphot.color;em.IR;em.IRfloatnullableSFR[0/9.1] Star formation rate in last 80Myr (2)0.0001solMass.yr**-1phys.SFRfloatNH[0.1/99.1]? Best fit column density (3)1e+21cm**-2phys.columnDensity;meta.modelledfloatnullableE_NH[0.01/46.6]? Upper Uncertainty in NH1e+21cm**-2stat.error;stat.max;phys.columnDensityfloatnullablee_NH[0.01/26.1]? Lower Uncertainty in NH1e+21cm**-2stat.error;stat.min;phys.columnDensityfloatnullableAv[0/5] SED-derived extinction (also Table 1)magphys.absorptionfloatE_Av[0/0.8] Upper Uncertainty in Avmagstat.error;stat.max;phys.absorptionfloate_Av[0/1.2] Lower Uncertainty in Avmagstat.error;stat.min;phys.absorptionfloatAv2[0.01/0.4] SFH-derived extinction (4)magphys.absorptionfloatJ/ApJ/952/114/table6Flags used to determine best HMXB candidate sampleChASeM33[192/545] Tullmann+ (2011, J/ApJS/193/31) ChASeM33 identifiermeta.id;meta.mainintprimaryrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNamePHATTER, Williams+ (2021, J/ApJS/253/53) position-based namemeta.id.assoccharfHR[0/1] Flag raised due to soft Chandra HRs, Section 3.4.1meta.codeintfIR[0/1] Flag raised due to Foreground IR Colors, Section 3.4.2meta.codeintfSED[0/1] Flag raised due to Flat SED shape, Section 3.4.3meta.codeintfSFR[0/1] Flag raised due to No Recent star formation, Section 3.4.4meta.codeintfNH[0/1] Flag raised due to NH to AV mismatch, Section 3.4.5meta.codeintfSpT[0/1] Flag raised due to Spectral Type not consistent with massive star, Section 3.4.6meta.codeintfSum[0/3] Sum of all flagsmeta.codeint