J/ApJ/951/33ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/951/33CDSTristan I.I.Notsu Y.Kowalski A.F.Brown A.Wisniewski J.P.,Osten R.A.Vrijmoet E.H.White G.L.Carter B.D.Grady C.A.,Henry T.J.Hinojosa R.H.Lomax J.R.Neff J.E.Paredes L.A.,Soutter J.2025-10-01T06:29:29Z2025-09-23T11:40:12ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frvariable-starsstellar-flaresx-ray-sourcesvisible-astronomyh-alpha-photometrybroad-band-photometryWe present light curves and flares from a 7 day, multiwavelength observational campaign of AU Mic, a young and active dM1e star with exoplanets and a debris disk. We report on 73 unique flares between the X-ray to optical data. We use high-time-resolution near-UV (NUV) photometry and soft X-ray (SXR) data from the X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission to study the empirical Neupert effect, which correlates the gradual and impulsive phase flaring emissions. We find that 65% (30 of 46) flares do not follow the Neupert effect, which is 3 times more excursions than seen in solar flares, and propose a four-part Neupert effect classification (Neupert, quasi-Neupert, non-Neupert types I and II) to explain the multiwavelength responses. While the SXR emission generally lags behind the NUV as expected from the chromospheric evaporation flare models, the Neupert effect is more prevalent in larger, more impulsive flares. Preliminary flaring rate analysis with X-ray and U-band data suggests that previously estimated energy ratios hold for a collection of flares observed over the same time period, but not necessarily for an individual, multiwavelength flare. These results imply that one model cannot explain all stellar flares and care should be taken when extrapolating between wavelength regimes. Future work will expand wavelength coverage using radio data to constrain the nonthermal empirical and theoretical Neupert effects to better refine models and bridge the gap between stellar and solar flare physics.2023ApJ...951...33Thttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/951/33CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicerelated-toB/xmm : XMM-Newton Observation Log (XMM-Newton Science Operation Center, 2012-)V/137 : Extended Hipparcos Compilation (XHIP) (Anderson+, 2012)I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)J/A+AS/121/369 : UBVRI observations of active stars (Cutispoto, 1997)J/A+A/367/910 : UBV(RI)c photometry of active stars. IX (Cutispoto+, 2001)J/A+A/400/659 : UBV(RI)c photometry of active stars. X. (Cutispoto+, 2003)J/AJ/128/463 : A preliminary 20pc census from the NLTT catalog (Reid+, 2004)J/A+A/474/495 : X-ray flares from Cygnus OB2 stars (Albacete Colombo+, 2007)J/A+A/487/293 : Em. lines in a giant flare of CN Leo (Fuhrmeister+, 2008)J/AJ/135/785 : SDSS-DR5 low-mass star spectroscopic sample (West+, 2008)J/A+A/534/A133 : Proxima Cen chromospheric emission lines (Fuhrmeister+, 2011)J/PASP/124/140 : UBVRI Hp BT and VT photonic responses (Bessell+, 2012)J/AcA/62/67 : ASAS photometry of ROSAT sources (Kiraga, 2012)J/ApJ/754/4 : HST monitoring of flaring stars in Gal. bulge (Osten+, 2012)J/ApJS/207/15 : M dwarf flare spectra (Kowalski+, 2013)J/AJ/149/5 : Solar neighborhood. XXXV. Dist. to M dwarfs (Winters+, 2015)J/ApJ/829/23 : Stellar flares from Q0-Q17 Kepler LCs (Davenport, 2016)J/ApJ/851/91 : Stat. studies of solar white-light flares (Namekata+, 2017)J/AJ/155/265 : Solar neighborhood. XLIV. RECONS discoveries (Henry+, 2018)J/AJ/160/215 : Solar neighborhood. XLVI. M dwarf binaries (Vrijmoet+, 2020)J/AJ/164/110 : HST/COS far-UV sp. of AU Mic flares (Feinstein+, 2022)J/MNRAS/512/L60 : Flare detections of TOI host stars (Howard+, 2022)J/AJ/164/17 : GJ 1243 flares data with Kepler and TESS (Mendoza+, 2022)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/951/33https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/951/33http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/951/33https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/951/33https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/951/33http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/951/33GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapX-rayOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/951/33/table6Common flare propertiesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintID[1/73] Flare identifiermeta.id;meta.mainintObsObservation identifier (1)meta.id;instr.telcharBandObservation band used by Obsinstr.setup;obschartTotal[0.5/482.4]? Flare durationmintime.durationfloatnullabletRise[0.17/331.5]? Rise timemintime.epochfloatnullablePCRate[0.02/101.4]? Peak count rate (2)phot.count;em.X-rayfloatnullableEnergy[1.8e+30/2.8e+33]? Observed Energy; ergs1e-07Jphys.energyfloatnullablee_Energy[0/6e+32]? Uncertainty in Energy1e-07Jstat.error;phys.energyfloatnullableStart? Flare UTC start date (ISO)'Y-M-D,h:m:s'time.startnullableEndFlare UTC end time (ISO)'Y-M-D,h:m:s'time.endPeakFlare UTC peak time (ISO)'Y-M-D,h:m:s'time.epoch;stat.max