J/ApJ/950/14ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/950/14doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19500014CDSRavi A.P.Rho J.Park S.Park S.H.Yoon S.-C.Geballe T.R.Vinko J.,Tinyanont S.Bostroem K.A.Burke J.Hiramatsu D.Howell D.A.,McCully C.Newsome M.Gonzalez E.P.Pellegrino C.Cartier R.,Pritchard T.Andersen M.Blinnikov S.Dong Y.Blanchard P.,Kilpatrick C.D.Hoeflich P.Valenti S.Filippenko A.V.Suntzeff N.B.,Seok Ji Y.Konyves-Toth R.Foley R.J.Siebert M.R.Jones D.O.2025-09-01T20:04:53Z2025-08-29T09:21:07ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frinfrared-photometryvisible-astronomybroad-band-photometryspectroscopyinfrared-astronomysupernovaeWe present near-infrared (NIR) and optical observations of the Type Ic supernova (SN Ic) SN 2021krf obtained between days 13 and 259 at several ground-based telescopes. The NIR spectrum at day 68 exhibits a rising K-band continuum flux density longward of ~2.0{mu}m, and a late-time optical spectrum at day 259 shows strong [OI]6300 and 6364{AA} emission-line asymmetry, both indicating the presence of dust, likely formed in the SN ejecta. We estimate a carbon-grain dust mass of ~2x10^-5^M_{sun}_ and a dust temperature of ~900-1200K associated with this rising continuum and suggest the dust has formed in SN ejecta. Utilizing the one-dimensional multigroup radiation-hydrodynamics code STELLA, we present two degenerate progenitor solutions for SN 2021krf, characterized by C-O star masses of 3.93 and 5.74M_{sun}_, but with the same best-fit ^56^Ni mass of 0.11M_{sun}_ for early times (0-70 days). At late times (70-300 days), optical light curves of SN 2021krf decline substantially more slowly than those expected from ^56^Co radioactive decay. Lack of H and He lines in the late-time SN spectrum suggests the absence of significant interaction of the ejecta with the circumstellar medium. We reproduce the entire bolometric light curve with a combination of radioactive decay and an additional powering source in the form of a central engine of a millisecond pulsar with a magnetic field smaller than that of a typical magnetar.2023ApJ...950...14Rhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/950/14CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicerelated-toJ/A+A/508/371 : UBVRIJHK observations of SN 2007gr (Hunter+, 2009)J/ApJ/756/173 : Phot. of type IIn SNe 2005ip and 2006jd (Stritzinger+, 2012)J/ApJ/785/37 : Type Ic SN 2010mb optical photometry (Ben-Ami+, 2014)J/MNRAS/438/L101 : First month on SN 2013ej (Valenti+, 2014)J/ApJ/821/57 : Photometry of the Type Ib/c SN2013ge (Drout+, 2016)J/MNRAS/459/3939 : Type II supernova light curves (Valenti+, 2016)J/A+A/609/A134 : CSP-I photometry for 34 supernovae (Stritzinger+, 2018)J/ApJ/887/75 : NIR sp. of SN 2014C 1-5yr post-explosion (Tinyanont+, 2019)J/A+A/656/A61 : SN Ib nebular phase properties (Dessart+, 2021)J/ApJ/913/143 : Opt. light curves of the type Ic SN 2019stc (Gomez+, 2021)J/ApJ/908/232 : SN 2020bvc optical and near-IR spectra (Rho+, 2021)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/950/14https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/950/14http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/950/14https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/950/14https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/950/14http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/950/14GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/950/14/table1aOptical spectroscopy of SN 2021krfrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintDateDate of observation (UT)'Y:M:D'time.epochnullableMJD[59330/59589] Modified Julian Datedtime.epochinte_MJD[4.5/4.5]? MJD uncertaintydstat.error;time.epochfloatnullableDay[0/259] Days after explosiondtime.intervalintf_Day[a] Flag on Day (1)meta.codecharTelTelescopemeta.id;instr.telcharf_Tel[c] Flag on Tel (1)meta.codecharExp[1200/3600]? Total exposure timestime.duration;obs.exposureintnullableSlit[0.45/2]? Slit widtharcsecinstr.setupfloatnullableu_Res[~] Uncertainty flag on Resmeta.code.errorcharRes[400/1600]? Resolution, R ({lambda}/{Delta}{lambda})pos.angResolutionintnullablespInteractive spectrum plotmeta.ref.urlcharJ/ApJ/950/14/table1bNIR spectroscopy of SN 2021krfrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintDateDate of observation (UT)'Y:M:D'time.epochnullableMJD[59330/59589] Modified Julian Datedtime.epochinte_MJD[4.5/4.5]? MJD uncertaintydstat.error;time.epochfloatnullableDay[0/259] Days after explosiondtime.intervalintf_Day[a] Flag on Day (1)meta.codecharTelTelescopemeta.id;instr.telcharf_Tel[c] Flag on Tel (1)meta.codecharExp[1200/3600]? Total exposure timestime.duration;obs.exposureintnullableSlit[0.45/2]? Slit widtharcsecinstr.setupfloatnullableu_Res[~] Uncertainty flag on Resmeta.code.errorcharRes[400/1600]? Resolution, R ({lambda}/{Delta}{lambda})pos.angResolutionintnullablespInteractive spectrum plotmeta.ref.urlcharJ/ApJ/950/14/fig1Multicolor light curves of SN 2021krfrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintObs[2021/2022] Year of the observation'Y:M:D'time.epochMJD[59334.2/59663.9] Modified Julian Datedtime.epochdoublemag[16.66/22.42] Apparent magnitude in Filt (1)magphot.magfloate_mag[0/0.5] Uncertainty in magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatTelTelescope identifiermeta.id;instr.telcharFilt[UBVgir] Filter identifiermeta.id;instr.filtercharl_mag[U] Upper limit flag on magmeta.code.errorcharJ/ApJ/950/14/fig6Optical spectra of SN 2021krfrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintInstTelescope/Instrument; column added by CDSmeta.id;instrcharEpoch[0/259] Days after discovery (1)time.epochintlambda[0/10895]? Wavelength; Angstroms0.1nmem.wldoublenullableFlux[-170800/85370]? Observed flux densityphot.fluxdoublenullablee_Flux[0/59680]? Uncertainty in Fluxstat.error;phot.fluxdoublenullableJ/ApJ/950/14/fig7NIR Spectra of SN 2021krfrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintEpoch[13/68] Days after discovery (1)time.epochintlambda[0.69/2.6] Wavelengthumem.wlfloatFlux[-4.81e-13/7.5e-14] Observed flux densityphot.fluxdoublee_Flux[0/1.5e-11]? Uncertainty in Fluxstat.error;phot.fluxdoublenullable