J/ApJ/949/33ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/949/33CDSLim G.Im M.Paek G.S.H.Yoon S.-C.Choi C.Kim S.Wheeler J.C.,Thomas B.P.Vinko J.Kim D.Seo J.Kang W.Kim T.Sung H.-I.,Kim Y.Yoon J.-N.Kim H.Kim J.Bae H.Ehgamberdiev S.Burhonov O.,Mirzaqulov D.2025-08-01T08:20:05Z2025-07-22T12:45:13ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frsupernovaeinfrared-photometryvisible-astronomybroad-band-photometryspectroscopyThe progenitor system of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) is expected to be a close binary system consisting of a carbon/oxygen white dwarf (WD) and a nondegenerate star or another WD. Here, we present results from high-cadence monitoring observations of SN 2021hpr in a spiral galaxy, NGC 3147, and constraints on the progenitor system based on its early multicolor light-curve data. First, we classify SN 2021hpr as a normal SN Ia from its long-term photometric and spectroscopic data. More interestingly, we found a significant "early excess" in the light curve over a simple power-law ~t^2^ evolution. The early light curve evolves from blue to red to blue during the first week. To explain this, we fitted the early part of the BVRI-band light curves with a two-component model consisting of ejecta-companion interaction and a simple power-law model. The early excess and its color can be explained by shock-cooling emission due to a companion star having a radius of 8.84+/-0.58R_{sun}_. We also examined Hubble Space Telescope preexplosion images, finding no detection of a progenitor candidate, consistent with the above result. However, we could not detect signs of a significant amount of stripped mass from a nondegenerate companion star (<~0.003M_{sun}_ for H{alpha} emission). The early excess light in the multiband light curve supports a nondegenerate companion in the progenitor system of SN 2021hpr. At the same time, the nondetection of emission lines opens the door for other methods to explain this event.2023ApJ...949...33Lhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/949/33CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicerelated-toJ/ApJ/645/488 : SN type Ia luminosities (Wang+, 2006)J/ApJ/659/122 : Improved distances to type Ia supernovae (Jha+, 2007)J/ApJ/686/749 : Improved cosmological constraints from SNe (Kowalski+, 2008)J/MNRAS/389/1577 : UBVRI absolute magnitudes of Type Ia SNe (Takanashi+, 2008)J/ApJ/700/331 : Light curves of type Ia supernovae (CfA3) (Hicken+, 2009)J/ApJ/716/712 : HST light curves of six SNe and Union2 (Amanullah+, 2010)J/ApJS/190/166 : Optical catalog of AKARI NEP-wide survey (Jeon+, 2010)J/ApJ/750/99 : The Pan-STARRS1 photometric system (Tonry+, 2012)J/A+A/554/A27 : 2011fe spectrophotometric time series (Pereira+, 2013)J/AJ/146/86 : Cosmicflows-2 catalog (Tully+, 2013)J/AJ/148/1 : Optical and ultraviolet phot. of SN 2012fr (Zhang+, 2014)J/ApJ/813/30 : UV-Opt. light curves of the SNIa iPTF14bdn (Smitka+, 2015)J/A+A/609/A114 : Local Group AGB stars & red supergiants (Groenewegen+, 2018)J/ApJ/893/143 : UBVRIJHK & spec. obs. of type Ia SN2019ein (Kawabata+, 2020)J/ApJ/933/L45 : LCs and spectra of type Ia SN 2021aefx (Hosseinzadeh+, 2022)J/ApJ/924/35 : Optical spectra of type Ia SN 2015bq (Li+, 2022)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/949/33https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/949/33http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/949/33https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/949/33https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/949/33http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/949/33GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/949/33/table2Optical light curve of SN 2021hprrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintMJD[59256.85/59578.77] Epoch in Modified Julian datedtime.epochdoublePhase[-65.01/256.91] Days after B-band maximum where Phase=t-59321.856dtime.phasefloatFiltObserved bandmeta.code;instr.filtercharmag[14.12/23.07] AB magnitude in Filter (2)magphot.magfloate_mag[0.01/0.9]? The 1-sigma uncertainty in magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableTel[1/8] Telescope used for the observation (3)meta.code;instr.telintDet[0/1] Detection code (1=detected; or 0=3-sigma detection limit)meta.code;instr.saturationintJ/ApJ/949/33/fig7SAO/LISA spectra of SN 2021hprrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSpIDSpectrum identifier (1)meta.code;obscharlambda[4600.6/8997] Observed wavelength; Angstroms0.1nmem.wlfloatFlux[-3.7e-14/2.5e-13] Observed flux density; erg/cm^2^/s/AngstrommW.nm**-1.m**-2phot.fluxdoubleJ/ApJ/949/33/fig10HET/LRS2-B spectrum of SN 2021hpr at the nebular phase of +243 days since the explosione_Flux[0/1.6e-15] 1-sigma uncertainty in FluxmW.nm**-1.m**-2stat.error;phot.fluxdoubleBack[0/4.5e-14] Flux density of the background; erg/cm^2^/s/AngstrommW.nm**-1.m**-2phot.flux.density;instr.backgrounddoubleApcor[0.75/0.94] Aperture correction valueinstr.paramfloatTelcor[0/1.1] Telluric correction valuearith.factorfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintlambda[3640/6950.3] Observed wavelength; Angstroms0.1nmem.wlfloatFlux[-5.5e-16/1e-15] Observed flux density; erg/cm^2^/s/AngstrommW.nm**-1.m**-2phot.fluxdouble