J/ApJ/949/120ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/949/120CDSHo A.Y.Q.Perley D.A.Gal-Yam A.Lunnan R.Sollerman J.Schulze S.,Das K.K.Dobie D.Yao Y.Fremling C.Adams S.Anand S.Andreoni I.,Bellm E.C.Bruch R.J.Burdge K.B.Castro-Tirado A.J.Dahiwale A.,De K.Dekany R.Drake A.J.Duev D.A.Graham M.J.Helou G.,Kaplan D.L.Karambelkar V.Kasliwal M.M.Kool E.C.Kulkarni S.R.,Mahabal A.A.Medford M.S.Miller A.A.Nordin J.Ofek E.Petitpas G.,Riddle R.Sharma Y.Smith R.Stewart A.J.Taggart K.Tartaglia L.,Tzanidakis A.Winters J.M.2025-09-01T07:18:35Z2025-08-29T08:36:47ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frtransient-sourcesinfrared-photometryvisible-astronomybroad-band-photometrysupernovaeredshiftedspectroscopyultraviolet-astronomyWe present a search for extragalactic fast blue optical transients (FBOTs) during Phase I of the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF). We identify 38 candidates with durations above half-maximum light 1day<t_1/2_<12days, of which 28 have blue (g-r<~-0.2mag) colors at peak light. Of the 38 transients (28 FBOTs), 19 (13) can be spectroscopically classified as core-collapse supernovae (SNe): 11 (8) H- or He-rich (Type II/IIb/Ib) SNe, 6 (4) interacting (Type IIn/Ibn) SNe, and 2 (1) H&He-poor (Type Ic/Ic-BL) SNe. Two FBOTs (published previously) had predominantly featureless spectra and luminous radio emission: AT2018lug (The Koala) and AT2020xnd (The Camel). Seven (five) did not have a definitive classification: AT 2020bdh showed tentative broad H{alpha} in emission, and AT 2020bot showed unidentified broad features and was 10 kpc offset from the center of an early-type galaxy. Ten (eight) have no spectroscopic observations or redshift measurements. We present multiwavelength (radio, millimeter, and/or X-ray) observations for five FBOTs (three Type Ibn, one Type IIn/Ibn, one Type IIb). Additionally, we search radio-survey (VLA and ASKAP) data to set limits on the presence of radio emission for 24 of the transients. All X-ray and radio observations resulted in nondetections; we rule out AT2018cow-like X-ray and radio behavior for five FBOTs and more luminous emission (such as that seen in the Camel) for four additional FBOTs. We conclude that exotic transients similar to AT2018cow, the Koala, and the Camel represent a rare subset of FBOTs and use ZTF's SN classification experiments to measure the rate to be at most 0.1% of the local core-collapse SN rate.2023ApJ...949..120Hhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/949/120CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toVII/233 : 2MASS All-Sky Extended Source Catalog (XSC) (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)V/139 : The SDSS Photometric Catalog, Release 9 (Adelman-McCarthy+, 2012)II/349 : The Pan-STARRS release 1 (PS1) Survey - DR1 (Chambers+, 2016)II/335 : Revised cat. of GALEX UV sources (GUVcat_AIS GR6+7) (Bianchi+ 2017)II/363 : The band-merged unWISE Catalog (Schlafly+, 2019)J/MNRAS/397/1177 : Swift-XRT observations of GRBs (Evans+, 2009)J/ApJ/741/97 : Light curves of Ibc supernovae (Drout+, 2011)J/MNRAS/410/166 : Morphological types from Galaxy Zoo 1 (Lintott+, 2011)J/AJ/144/4 : Dwarf galaxies in the Local Group (McConnachie+, 2012)J/MNRAS/425/1789 : Berkeley supernova Ia program. I. (Silverman+, 2012)J/ApJ/763/42 : X-ray emission from 28 SNe (IIn, Ibn; SLSN-I) (Ofek+, 2013)J/ApJ/769/39 : SN Ibn PS1-12sk optical & NIR light curves (Sanders+, 2013)J/ApJ/794/23 : Pan-STARRS1 transients optical photometry (Drout+, 2014)J/ApJ/792/30 : NEOWISE magnitudes for near-Earth objects (Mainzer+, 2014)J/AJ/147/99 : Spectroscopy of stripped core-collapse SNe (Modjaz+, 2014)J/A+A/579/A40 : PESSTO catalog (Smartt+, 2015)J/ApJ/819/35 : LCs of four transients from PTF & SNLS (Arcavi+, 2016)J/A+A/593/A68 : PTF12os & iPTF13bvn spectra & light curves (Fremling+, 2016)J/ApJ/851/107 : iPTF 16asu photometry follow-up (Whitesides+, 2017)J/MNRAS/481/894 : Rapidly evolving transients in the DES (Pursiainen+, 2018)J/ApJ/880/7 : Census of the Local Universe survey. I. (Cook+, 2019)J/ApJ/887/169 : UV-Opt light curves of the type Ic SN 2018gep (Ho+, 2019)J/A+A/631/A147 : Transient processing & analysis using AMPEL (Nordin+, 2019)J/ApJ/886/152 : ZTF early observations of Type Ia SNe. I. LCs (Yao+, 2019)J/ApJ/904/155 : gri photometry for 32 kilonovae with ZTF (Andreoni+, 2020)J/ApJ/895/L23 : Radio obs. of the transient CSS161010 (Coppejans+, 2020)J/ApJ/905/58 : The local universe with ZTF. I. (De+, 2020)J/ApJ/895/32 : Zwicky Transient Facility BTS. I. (Fremling+, 2020)J/ApJ/905/98 : Keck/LRIS optical spectrum of ZTF20aajnksq (Ho+, 2020)J/ApJ/895/49 : Optical sp. of ZTF18abvkwla and its host galaxy (Ho+, 2020)J/ApJ/903/132 : Radio & optical obs. of supernova SN2020oi (Horesh+, 2020)J/ApJ/898/166 : UV to NIR obs. of SN 2019ehk (Jacobson-Galan+, 2020)J/MNRAS/498/2575 : Rapidly evolving transients with DES (Wiseman+, 2020)J/ApJ/900/46 : UV, opt & IR light curve of supernova SN2019dge (Yao+, 2020)J/ApJ/922/247 : ZTF photometric measurements of AT 2018lqh (Ofek+, 2021)J/ApJ/915/121 : Type Ic SN2018gep phot. & sp. follow-up (Pritchard+, 2021)J/ApJ/908/232 : SN 2020bvc optical and near-IR spectra (Rho+, 2021)J/ApJS/255/29 : PTF core-collapse SN host-galaxy sample. I. (Schulze+, 2021)J/MNRAS/503/3931 : Core-collapses supernovae host galaxies (Taggart+, 2021)J/ApJ/910/42 : LCs & spectroscopic observations of AT2018cow (Xiang+, 2021)J/ApJ/924/55 : UV and optical obs. of type Ic SN 2020oi (Gagliano+, 2022)J/ApJ/927/10 : Photometry follow-up of 3 core-collapse SNe (Irani+, 2022)J/ApJ/926/125 : Fast-evolving SNIbn with LCO & FLOYDS (Pellegrino+, 2022)J/ApJ/927/180 : Type Icn SN2021csp photometry & spectra (Perley+, 2022)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/949/120https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/949/120http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/949/120https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/949/120https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/949/120http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/949/120GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/949/120/table2 (Candidate extragalactic transients from ZTF Phase I with durations 1d<t_1/2,g_<12d and well-sampled light curves)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/949/120/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/949/120/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/949/120/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true243.59437535.91788890.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/949/120/table11 (Log of spectroscopic observations of objects presented in this paper)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/949/120/table11?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/949/120/table11?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/949/120/table11?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true9.361958315.014250.0055555555555555566/645 765 2287 2610 5212 5396 5492 5765 6089 7075 7756 7994 8794 9183 9328 9449 9635 9720 10010 10117 10168 10289 10344 10911 11069 12099 12732 15046 15107 15977 18671 18943 19279 19601 19751 23274 26454 28035 36764https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/949/120?format=asciiUVOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/949/120/table2Candidate extragalactic transients from ZTF Phase I with durations 1d<t_1/2,g_<12d and well-sampled light curvesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintZTFZTF identifiermeta.idcharf_ZTF[Mm] Flag on ZTF (1)meta.codecharRAJ2000Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainNameIAU identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryMJD[58230.3/59141.5] Modified Julian Date of peakdtime.epochdoublePmag[14/19.8] Peak apparent AB magnitudemagphot.magfloate_Pmag[0.01/0.2] Uncertainty in Pmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatt0.5g[3.3/11.9] Duration, t_1/2,g_dtime.duration;em.opt.Bfloate_t0.5g[0.1/2] Uncertainty in t0.5gdstat.errorfloatg-r[-0.7/0.4] The (g-r) colormagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.Rfloatf_g-r[d] Flag on g-r (2)meta.code;phot.color;em.optcharz[0.005/0.3]? Spectroscopic redshiftsrc.redshiftdoublenullableNspNumber of spectroscopic observations for this source (link to Table 11)meta.numberintnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharClassClassification (3)src.spTypecharf_Class[Dd ] Flag on Class (4)meta.code;src.spTypecharRefReference(s) (5)meta.refcharNpNumber of photometry measurements for this source (link to Table 4)meta.numberintnullableHostHost photometry for this source (link to Table 9)meta.numberintnullableLCInteractive LC Plotmeta.ref.urlcharJ/ApJ/949/120/table4Forced photometry of the ZTF transients in Table 2NameSN identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintFilt[ugriz] Filter usedinstr.setup;instr.filtercharJDJulian Date of the observationdtime.epochdoubleFlux[-106/10927] Flux density in FiltuJyphot.flux.densitydoublee_Flux[0.7/14072] Uncertainty in FluxuJystat.error;phot.fluxdoublel_mag[<] 5-sigma upper limit on magmeta.code.errorcharmag[11.78/23.1] Apparent AB magnitude in Filt not corrected for Milky Way extinctionmagphot.magfloate_mag[0.01/0.8]? Uncertainty in magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableTelTelescope identifier (1)meta.id;instr.telcharJ/ApJ/949/120/table9Photometry of the host galaxiesNameSN identifiermeta.id;meta.mainchare_Hmag[0.09/78.5]? Uncertainty in Hmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.HdoublenullableKsmag[0.2/1434]? 2MASS Ks band AB magnitude; uncorrected from reddeningmagphot.mag;em.IR.Kdoublenullablee_Ksmag[0.1/66.1]? Uncertainty in Ksmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.KdoublenullableW1mag[0.01/34]? WISE W1 band AB magnitude; uncorrected from reddeningmagphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umdoublenullablee_W1mag[0.005/0.3]? Uncertainty in W1magmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.3-4umdoublenullableW2mag[0.004/20.4]? WISE W2 band AB magnitude; uncorrected from reddeningmagphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umdoublenullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[0/27] Index numbermeta.idintz[0.005/0.3] Spectroscopic redshiftsrc.redshiftfloatFUVmag[0.007/32.5]? GALEX FUV band AB magnitude; uncorrected from reddeningmagphot.mag;em.UV.100-200nmdoublenullablee_FUVmag[0.0009/0.5]? Uncertainty in FUVmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.UV.100-200nmdoublenullableNUVmag[0.01/55]? GALEX NUV band AB magnitude; uncorrected from reddeningmagphot.mag;em.UV.200-300nmdoublenullablee_NUVmag[0.0008/1]? Uncertainty in NUVmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.UV.200-300nmdoublenullableUVW2mag[0.037/0.038]? Swift UVW2 band AB magnitude; uncorrected from reddeningmagphot.mag;em.UV.100-200nmdoublenullablee_W4mag[0.2/0.4]? Uncertainty in W4magmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.15-30umdoublenullablee_UVW2mag[0.00405]? Uncertainty in UVW2magmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.UV.100-200nmdoublenullableUVM2mag[0.035/0.036]? Swift UVM2 band AB magnitude; uncorrected from reddeningmagphot.mag;em.UV.200-300nmdoublenullablee_UVM2mag[0.004554]? Uncertainty in UVM2magmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.UV.200-300nmdoublenullableUVW1mag[0.030/0.031]? Swift UVW1 band AB magnitude; uncorrected from reddeningmagphot.mag;em.UV.200-300nmdoublenullablee_UVW1mag[0.004667]? Uncertainty in UVW1magmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.UV.200-300nmdoublenullableUmag[0.04795]? Swift U band AB magnitude; uncorrected from reddeningmagphot.mag;em.opt.Udoublenullablee_Umag[0.006914]? Uncertainty in Umagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.UdoublenullableBmag[0.06149]? Swift B band AB magnitude; uncorrected from reddeningmagphot.mag;em.opt.Bdoublenullablee_Bmag[0.01139]? Uncertainty in Bmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.BdoublenullableVmag[0.1526]? Swift V band AB magnitude; uncorrected from reddeningmagphot.mag;em.opt.Vdoublenullablee_Vmag[0.02999]? Uncertainty in Vmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.VdoublenullableS-umag[0.008/173]? SDSS u band AB magnitude; uncorrected from reddeningmagphot.mag;em.opt.Udoublenullablee_S-umag[0.003/6]? Uncertainty in S-umagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.UdoublenullableS-gmag[0.0004/486]? SDSS g band AB magnitude; uncorrected from reddeningmagphot.mag;em.opt.Bdoublenullablee_S-gmag[0.0001/8.5]? Uncertainty in S-gmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.BdoublenullableS-rmag[0/807]? SDSS r band AB magnitude; uncorrected from reddeningmagphot.mag;em.opt.Rdoublenullablee_S-rmag[0.0002/21]? Uncertainty in S-rmagmagstat.error;phot.color;em.opt.RdoublenullableS-imag[0.01/1092]? SDSS i band AB magnitude; uncorrected from reddeningmagphot.mag;em.opt.Idoublenullablee_S-imag[0.002/33]? Uncertainty in S-imagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.IdoublenullableS-zmag[0/1287]? SDSS z band AB magnitude; uncorrected from reddeningmagphot.mag;em.opt.Idoublenullablee_S-zmag[0.0002/55]? Uncertainty in S-zmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.IdoublenullableP-gmag[0.01/16.3]? PANSTARRS g band AB magnitude; uncorrected from reddeningmagphot.mag;em.opt.Bdoublenullablee_P-gmag[0.0008/0.4]? Uncertainty in P-gmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.BdoublenullableP-rmag[0.01/26.2]? PANSTARRS r band AB magnitude; uncorrected from reddeningmagphot.mag;em.opt.Rdoublenullablee_P-rmag[0.001/0.4]? Uncertainty in P-rmagmagstat.error;phot.color;em.opt.UdoublenullableP-imag[0.01/33]? PANSTARRS i band AB magnitude; uncorrected from reddeningmagphot.mag;em.opt.Idoublenullablee_P-imag[0.0008/0.7]? Uncertainty in P-imagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.IdoublenullableP-zmag[0.02/38.2]? PANSTARRS z band AB magnitude; uncorrected from reddeningmagphot.mag;em.opt.Idoublenullablee_P-zmag[0.002/0.6]? Uncertainty in P-zmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.IdoublenullableP-ymag[0.01/45.5]? PANSTARRS y band AB magnitude; uncorrected from reddeningmagphot.mag;em.IR.Jdoublenullablee_P-ymag[0.01/1.5]? Uncertainty in P-ymagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.JdoublenullableJmag[0.19/1542]? 2MASS J band AB magnitude; uncorrected from reddeningmagphot.mag;em.IR.Jdoublenullablee_Jmag[0.06/71.1]? Uncertainty in Jmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.JdoublenullableHmag[0.2/1703]? 2MASS H band AB magnitude; uncorrected from reddeningmagphot.mag;em.IR.Hdoublenullablee_W2mag[0.005/0.3]? Uncertainty in W2magmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.4-8umdoublenullableW3mag[0.2/12.4]? WISE W3 band AB magnitude; uncorrected from reddeningmagphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umdoublenullablee_W3mag[0.03/0.2]? Uncertainty in W2magmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.8-15umdoublenullableW4mag[0.3/15]? WISE W4 band AB magnitude; uncorrected from reddeningmagphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umdoublenullableJ/ApJ/949/120/table11Log of spectroscopic observations of objects presented in this paperNameTarget name (1)meta.id;meta.maincharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintDateDate of observation (UT)'Y:M:D'time.epochnullableTTypeTarget type: "Transient" or "Host"src.classcharPhase[-4/290] Phase given with respect to the observed maximum of the g-band light curvetime.phaseintTelTelescopemeta.id;instr.telcharRef[1/3]? Reference (2)meta.ref;pos.frameintnullable_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main