J/ApJ/948/94ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/948/94doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19480094CDSChu D.S.Do T.Ghez A.Gautam A.K.Ciurlo A.O'neil K.K.,Hosek M.W.J.Hees A.Naoz S.Sakai S.Lu J.R.Chen Z.Bentley R.O.,Becklin E.E.Matthews K.2025-08-01T20:11:31Z2025-07-17T09:46:43ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalactic-centerspectroscopic-binary-starsinfrared-astronomyspectroscopyradial-velocitystellar-spectral-typesstellar-massesWe present the results of the first systematic search for spectroscopic binaries within the central 2x3arcsec^2^ around the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy. This survey is based primarily on over a decade of adaptive optics-fed integral-field spectroscopy (R~4000), obtained as part of the Galactic Center Orbits Initiative at Keck Observatory, and it has a limiting K'-band magnitude of 15.8, which is at least 4mag deeper than previous spectroscopic searches for binaries at larger radii within the central nuclear star cluster. From this primary data set, over 600 new radial velocities are extracted and reported, increasing by a factor of 3 the number of such measurements. We find no significant periodic signals in our sample of 28 stars, of which 16 are massive, young (main-sequence B) stars and 12 are low-mass, old (M and K giant) stars. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we derive upper limits on the intrinsic binary star fraction for the young star population at 47% (at 95% confidence) located ~20mpc from the black hole. The young star binary fraction is significantly lower than that observed in the field (70%). This result is consistent with a scenario in which the central supermassive black hole drives nearby stellar binaries to merge or be disrupted, and it may have important implications for the production of gravitational waves and hypervelocity stars.2023ApJ...948...94Chttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/948/94CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/ApJ/523/248 : Variable stars in the Galactic center (Ott+, 1999)J/ApJ/659/1241 : Stellar variability in Galactic Center (Rafelski+, 2007)J/ApJS/190/1 : A survey of stellar families (Raghavan+, 2010)J/A+A/511/A18 : NIR observations of stars near SgrA* (Schoedel+, 2010)J/other/Sci/337.444 : RV curves of Galactic massive O stars (Sana+, 2012)J/ApJ/830/17 : Gal. Center secondary IR astrometric standards (Boehle+, 2016)J/ApJ/837/30 : 25yrs obs. of stellar orbits in the GC (Gillessen+, 2017)J/ApJ/854/12 : 16yrs of radial velocity measurements of S0-2 (Chu+, 2018)J/ApJ/871/103 : Catalog of 563 stars in the Galactic Center (Gautam+, 2019)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/948/94https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/948/94http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/948/94https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/948/94https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/948/94http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/948/94GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/948/94/sample (S-star RV (Table 2), Companion star search results (Table 5) and Companion mass limits (Table 7))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/948/94/sample?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/948/94/sample?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/948/94/sample?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true266.4168408-29.00786780.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/948/94/table6 (Excluded stars)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/948/94/table6?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/948/94/table6?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/948/94/table6?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true6/28830https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/948/94?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/948/94/sampleS-star RV (Table 2), Companion star search results (Table 5) and Companion mass limits (Table 7)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStarStar namemeta.id;meta.maincharprimarySpTSpectral Typesrc.spTypechardRA[-1.4/0.6] Projected offset in Right Ascension from SgrA*arcsecpos.eq.ra;arith.difffloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchardDE[-0.97/0.8] Projected offset in Declination from SgrA*arcsecpos.eq.dec;arith.difffloatR2D[0.048/1.51] Projected offset (depth) from SgrA*arcsecpos;arith.difffloatNrv[7/115] Total number of Radial Velocity points usedmeta.numberintVPInteractive Velocity Plotmeta.ref.urlcharsigRV[2.6/200] Median radial velocity uncertaintykm/sstat.error;stat.median;spect.dopplerVelocfloatRVBase[10/18] Baseline of radial velocity measurementsyrtime.intervalintRVMethMethod for subtracting Long-term Trendmeta.notecharamaj[4.8/163] Semimajor Axis estimate (1)mpcphys.size.smajAxisfloate_amaj[0.02/33]? Uncertainty in amaj (1)mpcstat.error;phys.size.smajAxisfloatnullableLS[56/99.8] Lomb-Scargle model amplitude significance (2)%stat.fit.goodness;src.var.amplitude;meta.modelledfloatMC[64/100] Monte Carlo simulation significance (2)%stat.fit.goodnessfloatBS[4.47/99.94] Bootstrap False Alarm Significance (2)%stat.fit.goodnessfloatCompHas Detected Companion?meta.codecharK[3/90.4] K velocity amplitude limitkm/sphys.velocfloatKpmag[12.48/15.9] Mean Magnitude in K' bandmagphot.mag;em.IR.KfloatMassIso[1.2/20.2] Mass from the isochronesolMassphys.massfloatMcomp[0.1/6] Upper limit on companion masssolMassphys.massfloatLimMRatio[0.06/0.7] Upper limit on the mass ratiophys.mass;arith.ratiofloatMEqual[1.2/16.7] Mass of equal mass Binary (3)solMassphys.massfloat_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/948/94/table3Polynomial fit resultsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStarStar namemeta.id;meta.mainchart0[2011.8/2014.5] t0 Epoch from polynomial fityrtime.epochdoublevz0[-749.1/183] constant velocity offsetkm/sphys.veloc;arith.difffloate_vz0[0.4/10.6]? Uncertainty in vz0km/sstat.errorfloatnullableaz[0.3/9.3] acceleration parameter (1)km.s**-1.yr**-1phys.accelerationfloate_az[0.12]? Uncertainty in az (1)km.s**-1.yr**-1stat.errorfloatnullablechi2[1/6.8] Reduced {chi}^2 of fitstat.fit.chi2floatJ/ApJ/948/94/table4Radial velocities and residualsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[0/969] Sequential identifiermeta.id;meta.recordintStarStar namemeta.id;meta.maincharYear[2000.4/2018.8] Julian Yearyrtime.epochdoubleMJD[51718.5/58377.3] Modified Julian Date (JD-2400000.5)dtime.epochdoubleRV[-1830/4017] radial velocity corrected to local standard of restkm/sspect.dopplerVeloc;pos.lsrdoublee_RV[2/473] Uncertainty in vzkm/sstat.errordoubleRes[-256/360] Residualkm/sstat.fit.residualfloatr_RVReference for RV if noted (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharJ/ApJ/948/94/table6Excluded starsStarStar Namemeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKpmag[9.9/16] Magnitude in K' bandmagphot.mag;em.IR.KfloatSpTSpectral Typesrc.spTypechardRA[-1.7/1.11] Projected offset in Right Ascension from SgrA*arcsecpos.eq.ra;arith.difffloatdDE[-1.1/1.1] Projected offset in Declination from SgrA*arcsecpos.eq.dec;arith.difffloatR2D[0.2/1.7] Projected offset (depth) from SgrA*arcsecpos;arith.difffloatReasonExclusion Reasonmeta.notechar_RAPositions from SIMBAD if any (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullable_DEPositions from SIMBAD if any (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullableSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableJ/ApJ/948/94/table1Summary of spectroscopic observations with new radial velocitiesScalePixel scale usedmasinstr.scale;instr.pixelcharFWHM[56/115]? Full Width at Half Maximum of reference starkm/sspect.line.widthintnullabler_FWHM[5/9]? Reference on FWHM (2)meta.bibintnullableS/N[13/121] Spectral signal-to-noise ratio of reference starstat.snrintr_S/N[5/9]? Reference on S/N (2)meta.bibintnullableNew[1/24] New radial velocity measurements reported in this work (3)meta.numberintrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintDateDate of observation (UT)'Y:M:D'time.epochnullabler_Date[1/4]? Reference on Date (1)meta.bibintnullableMJD[53554.5/58341.4] Modified Julian Datedtime.epochdoubleEpoch[2005.5/2018.61] Epoch of observationyrtime.epochdoubleInstInstrument ("OSIRIS" or "NIFS")meta.id;instrcharNfrNumber of frames combinedmeta.numberinttIntExposure time of each framestime.duration;obs.exposureintFiltFiltermeta.id;instr.filterchar