J/ApJ/948/7ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/948/7doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19480007CDSDas S.R.Gupta S.Prakash P.Samal M.Jose J.2025-10-10T20:09:49Z2025-06-18T15:00:44ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frstar-forming-regionsopen-star-clustersyoung-stellar-objectsproper-motionsapparent-magnitudevisible-astronomyIdentifying and characterizing young populations of star-forming regions are crucial to unraveling their properties. In this regard, Gaia-DR3 data and machine-learning tools are very useful for studying large star-forming complexes. In this work, we analyze the ~7.1deg^2^ area of one of our Galaxy's dominant feedback-driven star-forming complexes, i.e., the region around Trumpler 37. Using the Gaussian mixture and random-forest classifier methods, we identify 1243 highly probable members in the complex, of which ~60% are new members and are complete down to the mass limit of ~0.1-0.2M_{sun}_. The spatial distribution of the stars reveals multiple clusters toward the complex, where the central cluster around the massive star HD 206267 reveals two subclusters. Of the 1243 stars, 152 have radial velocity, with a mean value of -16.41+/-0.72km/s. We investigate stars' internal and relative movement within the central cluster. The kinematic analysis shows that the cluster's expansion is relatively slow compared to the whole complex. This slow expansion is possibly due to newly formed young stars within the cluster. We discuss these results in the context of hierarchical collapse and feedback-induced collapse mode of star formation in the complex.2023ApJ...948....7Dhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/948/7CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)J/AJ/117/354 : OB associations from Hipparcos (de Zeeuw+, 1999)J/A+A/416/125 : RI photometry in alpha Per and Pleiades (Deacon+, 2004)J/AJ/128/805 : Low-mass stars in the CephOB2 region (Sicilia-Aguilar+ 2004)J/AJ/130/188 : Young stars in Tr 37 & NGC 7160 (Sicilia-Aguilar+, 2005)J/ApJ/638/897 : IR phot. in Trumpler 37 & NGC 7160 (Sicilia-Aguilar+, 2006)J/AJ/132/2135 : High-resolution sp. in Tr 37 (Sicilia-Aguilar+, 2006)J/A+A/470/585 : NGC 2682 uvby-Hbeta photometry (Balaguer-Nunez+, 2007)J/ApJ/654/316 : X-ray sources in IC 1396N (Getman+, 2007)J/ApJ/669/493 : Spitzer/Chandra YSOs in Serpens cloud core (Winston+, 2007)J/AJ/135/2323 : H{alpha} stars and HH objects near BRCs (Ikeda+, 2008)J/ApJ/702/1507 : Mid-IR photometry in IC 1396A (Morales-Calderon+, 2009)J/ApJ/717/1067 : Triggered star formation in SFO 38 (Choudhury+, 2010)J/MNRAS/415/103 : IPHAS T Tauri candidates in IC 1396 (Barentsen+, 2011)J/MNRAS/414/2602 : Automated classification of HIP variables (Dubath+, 2011)J/MNRAS/426/2917 : X-rays sources in Trumpler 37 (Getman+, 2012)J/MNRAS/424/2832 : Pulsars in {gamma}-ray sources (Lee+, 2012)J/MNRAS/422/1495 : UKIDSS Gal. Clusters Survey Pleiades members (Lodieu+ 2012)J/AJ/143/61 : H{alpha} spectroscopy in IC 1396 HII region (Nakano+, 2012)J/A+A/538/A74 : Massive binaries in Cepheus OB2/3 region (Peter+, 2012)J/MNRAS/432/3445 : YSOs on HII complex Sh2-252 (Jose+, 2013)J/A+A/559/A3 : Low-mass stars in Trumpler 37 (Sicilia-Aguilar+, 2013)J/MNRAS/443/1614 : YSOs in BRC 5, 7 and 39 (Panwar+, 2014)J/A+A/566/A122 : JHK and IRAC photometry of Sh2-90 YSOs (Samal+, 2014)J/A+A/563/A45 : Pleiades cluster membership probabilities (Sarro+, 2014)J/A+A/573/A19 : Cep OB2 Herschel/PACS view (Sicilia-Aguilar+, 2015)J/ApJ/822/49 : YSOs in AFGL 333 with NEWFIRM & Spitzer (Jose+, 2016)J/ApJS/229/28 : SFiNCs: X-ray, IR and membership catalogs (Getman+, 2017)J/ApJ/836/98 : YSOs search in Stock 8 with opt. to IR photom. (Jose+, 2017)J/A+A/618/A93 : Gaia DR2 open clusters in the MW (Cantat-Gaudin+, 2018)J/A+A/616/A10 : 46 open clusters GaiaDR2 HR diag. (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)J/A+A/616/A12 : Gaia DR2 sources in GC and dSph (Gaia Collaboration+, 2018)J/ApJ/869/9 : Machine-learning investigation of M67 (Gao, 2018)J/AJ/156/121 : Likely open cluster NGC 6405 members (Gao, 2018)J/A+A/623/A108 : Age of 269 GDR2 open clusters (Bossini+, 2019)J/ApJ/871/46 : Hectoschelle sp. of 2MASS stars in Cep OB3b (Karnath+, 2019)J/ApJ/870/32 : Kinematics in young star clusters & assoc. (Kuhn+, 2019)J/A+A/625/A115 : Ruprecht 147 DANCe. I. (Olivares+, 2019)J/A+A/643/A148 : Lupus DANCe. Census & 6D structure with Gaia (Galli+, 2020)J/ApJS/254/42 : Hipparcos-Gaia (EDR3) Cat. of Accelerations (Brandt, 2021)J/MNRAS/500/3123 : Star formation in the clumps of the NAN complex (Das+, 2021)J/A+A/646/A46 : Chamaeleon DANCe. Stellar pop. with Gaia-DR2 (Galli+, 2021)J/MNRAS/508/3388 : Cygnus OB2 Complex survey with Subaru HSC (Gupta+, 2021)J/ApJ/912/162 : Open clusters in solar neighborhood (Pang+, 2021)J/AJ/162/279 : 421 YSOs in of IC 1396 with UKIRT/WFCAM (Silverberg+, 2021)J/A+A/668/A19 : Stellar pop. of Rosette Nebula and NGC 2244 (Muzic+, 2022)J/ApJ/926/25 : Sh 2-301 & NE cluster multiwavelength study (Pandey+, 2022)J/A+A/669/A22 : Star formation in IC1396 (Pelayo-Baldarrago+, 2023)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/948/7https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/948/7http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/948/7https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/948/7https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/948/7http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/948/7GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/948/7/table2 (List of the Gaia-based member population identified using the RF method)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/948/7/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/948/7/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/948/7/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true327.648657.35570.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/948/7/table6 (3-dimensional position, heliocentric velocities, and LSR velocities of the 68 stars within the cluster C-1; See Sections 4 and 5.1)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/948/7/table6?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/948/7/table6?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/948/7/table6?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true325.147923357.47538310.0055555555555555565/3869 3871 6/15455 15473 15475 15481 15626 15648 15650 156561.9867573869263685e-19 3.916500758235022e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/948/7?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/948/7/table2List of the Gaia-based member population identified using the RF methodrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1/1803] Sequential identifier, this workmeta.idintGaiaSource ID from Gaia-DR3 [source_ID]meta.id;meta.mainprimaryC1Star within the cluster C-1, display the velocity data (link to Table 6)meta.ref.urlcharRA_ICRS[322.3/328] Right Ascension (ICRS) at Epoch=2016degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000, proper motions taken into accountdegpos.eq.raindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000, proper motions taken into accountdegpos.eq.decindexedDE_ICRS[56.3/59.4] Declination (ICRS) at Epoch=2016degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainRUWE[0.7/21.4] Gaia DR3 Renormalised unit weight errorstat.errorfloatplx[0.8/1.7] Gaia DR3 parallaxmaspos.parallax.trigfloate_plx[0.009/0.8] Uncertainty in plxmasstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatpmRA[-10.1/-0.16] Gaia DR3 proper motion in RAmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloate_pmRA[0.01/1.1] Uncertainty in pmRAmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatpmDE[-7/5.7] Gaia DR3 proper motion in Declinationmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloate_pmDE[0.009/1.1] Uncertainty in pmDEmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatGmag[6.7/20.7] Gaia G magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloatBPmag[6.8/23] Gaia BP magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.BfloatRPmag[6.4/19.2] Gaia RP magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.RfloatPRF[0.6/1] Membership probability (1)stat.probabilityfloatJ/ApJ/948/7/table63-dimensional position, heliocentric velocities, and LSR velocities of the 68 stars within the cluster C-1; See Sections 4 and 5.1GaiaSource ID from Gaia-DR3meta.id;meta.mainrxdv3[-8/12] Cross product, position vector and relative velocity vectorkm/sphys.velocfloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1/68] Sequential identifier, this tablemeta.idintRAdeg[324/325.2] Right Ascension (FRAME + EPOCH)degpos.eq.raDEdeg[57.3/57.7] Declination (FRAME + EPOCH)degpos.eq.decX[-184/-135] Galactic Cartesian coordinate, toward Galactic Centerpcpos.cartesian.x;pos.galacticfloatY[832.29/1147.79] Galactic Cartesian coordinate, in the plan orthogonal to Xpcpos.cartesian.y;pos.galacticfloatZ[82/107] Galactic Cartesian coordinate, orthogonal to the Galatic planepcpos.cartesian.z;pos.galacticfloatU[8/32] Velocity toward Galactic Center, in the Heliocentric framekm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.xfloatV[-74/78] Velocity in direction of Galactic rotation, in the Heliocentric framekm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.yfloatW[-18/-2] Velocity toward North Galactic Pole, in the Heliocentric framekm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.zfloatuLSR[19/43] Velocity toward Galactic Center, relative to the Local Standard of Rest (1)km/sphys.veloc;pos.lsr;pos.cartesian.xfloatvLSR[-62/90] Velocity in direction of Galactic rotation, relative to the Local Standard of Rest (1)km/sphys.veloc;pos.lsr;pos.cartesian.yfloatwLSR[-11/5.1] Velocity toward North Galactic Pole, relative to the Local Standard of Rest (1)km/sphys.veloc;pos.lsr;pos.cartesian.zfloatrddv[-61/93] Dot product, position vector and relative velocity vectorkm/sphys.velocfloatrxdv1[-6/22] Cross product, position vector and relative velocity vectorkm/sphys.velocfloatrxdv2[-2/6] Cross product, position vector and relative velocity vectorkm/sphys.velocfloat