J/ApJ/946/L23ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/946/L23CDSLaskar T.Alexander K.D.Margutti R.Eftekhari T.Chornock R.,Berger E.Cendes Y.Duerr A.Perley D.A.Ravasio M.E.Yamazaki R.,Ayache E.H.Barclay T.Duran R.B.Bhandari S.Brethauer D.,Christy C.T.Coppejans D.L.Duffell P.Fong W.-F.Gomboc A.,Guidorzi C.Kennea J.A.Kobayashi S.Levan A.Lobanov A.P.,Metzger B.D.Ros E.Schroeder G.Williams P.K.G.2025-06-02T07:05:25Z2025-04-09T15:43:10ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgamma-ray-astronomygamma-ray-burstsradio-sourcesmillimeter-astronomyphotometrysubmillimeter-astronomyinfrared-photometryvisible-astronomybroad-band-photometryx-ray-sourcesGRB 221009A (z=0.151) is one of the closest known long {gamma}-ray bursts (GRBs). Its extreme brightness across all electromagnetic wavelengths provides an unprecedented opportunity to study a member of this still-mysterious class of transients in exquisite detail. We present multiwavelength observations of this extraordinary event, spanning 15 orders of magnitude in photon energy from radio to {gamma}-rays. We find that the data can be partially explained by a forward shock (FS) from a highly collimated relativistic jet interacting with a low-density, wind-like medium. Under this model, the jet's beaming-corrected kinetic energy (E_K_~4x10^50^erg) is typical for the GRB population. The radio and millimeter data provide strong limiting constraints on the FS model, but require the presence of an additional emission component. From equipartition arguments, we find that the radio emission is likely produced by a small amount of mass (<~6x10^-7^M_{sun}_) moving relativistically ({Gamma}>~9) with a large kinetic energy (>~10^49^erg). However, the temporal evolution of this component does not follow prescriptions for synchrotron radiation from a single power-law distribution of electrons (e.g., in a reverse shock or two-component jet), or a thermal- electron population, perhaps suggesting that one of the standard assumptions of afterglow theory is violated. GRB 221009A will likely remain detectable with radio telescopes for years to come, providing a valuable opportunity to track the full lifecycle of a powerful relativistic jet.2023ApJ...946L..23Lhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/946/L23CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicerelated-toJ/MNRAS/397/1177 : Swift-XRT observations of GRBs (Evans+, 2009)J/ApJ/781/37 : Multi-band photometry of GRB 130427A (Perley+, 2014)J/ApJ/814/1 : GRB 120326A, 100418A & 100901A multi-wave. obs. (Laskar+, 2015)J/ApJ/833/88 : GRB 160509A VLA monitoring campaign results (Laskar+, 2016)J/ApJ/862/94 : Multiwavelength obs. of GRB 161219B (Laskar+, 2018)J/ApJ/884/121 : Radio to UV observations of GRB 181201A (Laskar+, 2019)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/946/L23https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/946/L23http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/946/L23https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/946/L23https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/946/L23http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/946/L23GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapGamma-rayX-rayOpticalInfraredMillimeterRadiodefaultJ/ApJ/946/L23/table1Radio observations of GRB 221009AObsObservatory (2)meta.id;instr.obstycharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTime[1.14/99.1] Mid-time since Fermi/GBM trigger (1)dtime.intervalfloatFreq[4e+08/3.5e+11] Center frequencyHzem.freqdoubleFluxD[10/15000] Flux densityuJyphot.flux.densityfloate_FluxD[15/1300] Flux density uncertaintyuJystat.error;phot.flux.densityfloatDet[0/1] Detection flag: 1 for detection, 0 for 3{sigma} upper limitmeta.code.errorintBandRadio bandinstr.bandpasscharRef[0/32736]? References (3)meta.refintnullableFlagObservation flag(s) (4)meta.code.errorcharJ/ApJ/946/L23/table2Liverpool Telescope observations of GRB 221009ArecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTime[0.3/38.3] Mid-time since Fermi/GBM trigger (1)dtime.intervaldoubleFilt[griz] Filtermeta.id;instr.filtercharomag[15.29/24.1] Observed AB magnitude in Filter (2)magphot.magfloate_omag[0.01/0.8] Uncertainty in omag (2)magstat.error;phot.magfloatTint[30/1800] Integration timestime.epochintSeeing[0.75/2.7] Seeingarcsecinstr.obsty.seeingfloatJ/ApJ/946/L23/table3Swift/UVOT observations of GRB 221009ArecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStart[337.2/97761.4] Start Time (1)stime.startfloatStop[586.9/98526.1] Stop Time (1)stime.epochfloatBandSwift/UVOT Bandinstr.bandpasscharomag[15.5/20.9] Observed magnitude in Band (2)magphot.magfloate_omag[0.07/0.4] Uncertainty in omag (2)magstat.error;phot.magfloatJ/ApJ/946/L23/table4Log of NuSTAR observationsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStartStart Date Time, ISO 8601stime.startnullableStopStop Date Time, ISO 8601stime.endnullableMJD[59863.5/59893.5] Centroid Modified Julian Date, JD-2400000.5)dtime.epochdoubleTime[1.96/31.91] Time (1)dtime.intervalfloatNetExp-A[20.44/40.78] Net Exposure, NuSTAR module Akstime.expofloatNetExp-B[20.26/40.38] Net Exposure, NuSTAR module Bkstime.expofloatSize[1/1.5] Source region sizearcminphys.angSizefloatJ/ApJ/946/L23/table5Fermi/LAT ObservationsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStart[3000/67731.6] Start Time (1)stime.startfloatStop[4429.2/100000] Stop Time (1)stime.epochdoublel_EFluxLimit flag on EFluxmeta.code.errorcharEFlux[4.3e-10/2.7e-08] Energy flux, erg/s/cm2mW.m**-2em.energydoublee_EFlux[1.8e-10/1.5e-08]? Uncertainty in EFluxmW.m**-2stat.error;em.energydoublenullablel_PFluxLimit flag on PFluxmeta.code.errorcharPFlux[5.79e-07/3.1e-05] Photon flux, photons/s/cm2ph.s**-1.cm**-2phot.flux;em.X-raydoublee_PFlux[5e-07/1.1e-05]? Uncertainty in PFluxph.s**-1.cm**-2stat.error;phot.flux;em.X-raydoublenullableGamma[2/2.9] Photon Index, F_E_{propto}E^-{Gamma}^spect.indexfloate_Gamma[0.14/0.5]? Uncertainty in Gammastat.error;spect.indexfloatnullableTstat[5/177] Test statisticstat.fit.paramint