J/ApJ/946/98ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/946/98doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19460098CDSCruz Aguirre F.Youngblood A.France K.Bourrier V.2025-06-02T07:05:25Z2025-04-09T14:21:18ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frdwarf-starsspectroscopyultraviolet-astronomyradial-velocitystellar-radiistellar-distanceHI Ly{alpha} (1215.67{AA}) and the OI triplet (1302.17, 1304.86, and 1306.03{AA}) are bright far-ultraviolet (FUV) emission lines that trace the stellar chromosphere. Observations of stellar Ly{alpha} and OI using the Hubble Space Telescope's (HST) most sensitive FUV spectrograph, the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS), are contaminated with geocoronal emission, or airglow. This study demonstrates that airglow emission profiles as observed by COS are sufficiently stable to create airglow templates that can be reliably subtracted from the data, recovering the underlying stellar flux. We developed a graphical user interface to implement the airglow subtraction on a sample of 171 main-sequence F-, G-, K-, and M-type dwarfs from the COS data archive. Correlations between recovered stellar emission and measures of stellar activity were investigated. Several power-law relationships are presented for predicting the stellar Ly{alpha} and OI emission. The apparent brightness of the stellar emission relative to the airglow is a critical factor in the success or failure of an airglow subtraction. We developed a predictor for the success of an airglow subtraction using the signal-to-noise ratio of the nearby chromospheric emission line SiIII (1206.51{AA}). The minimum attenuated Ly{alpha} flux that was successfully recovered is 1.39x10^-14^erg/cm^2^/s, and we recommend this as a minimum flux for COS Ly{alpha} recoveries.2023ApJ...946...98Chttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/946/98CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toV/55 : A catalogue of high-velocity stars (Roman, 1955)III/119 : Spectral classifications of proper motion stars (Bidelman+ 1985)III/135 : Henry Draper Catalogue and Extension (Cannon+ 1918-1924; ADC 1989)III/150 : Perkins Revised MK Types for the Cooler Stars (Keenan+ 1989)II/224 : Catalogue of Stellar Diameters (CADARS) (Pasinetti-Fracassini+ 2001)III/279 : RAVE 5th data release (Kunder+, 2017)J/ApJ/408/305 : Cat of Stellar Lyman-Alpha Fluxes (Landsman, Simon 1993)J/AJ/111/439 : Chromospheric emission in late-type stars. (Henry+ 1996)J/A+AS/125/149 : CHIANTI - Atomic Database For Emission Lines I. (Dere+ 1997)J/AJ/121/2148 : Precise spectral types for 372 A, F & G stars (Gray+, 2001)J/MNRAS/328/45 : Late-type stars members of young groups (Montes+, 2001)J/ApJS/141/503 : Radial Velocities for 889 late-type stars (Nidever+, 2002)J/A+A/392/215 : CORALIE survey for extrasolar planets. IX. (Santos+ 2002)J/AJ/126/2048 : NStars project: the Northern Sample. I. (Gray+, 2003)J/A+A/411/559 : Effective temperature for 181 F-K dwarfs (Kovtyukh+, 2003)J/A+A/397/147 : Activity-rotation relationship in stars (Pizzolato+ 2003)J/A+A/398/721 : Temperature catalog of class IV-V stars (Taylor, 2003)J/ApJS/152/261 : Chromospheric Ca II emission in nearby stars (Wright+, 2004)J/A+A/442/211 : Spectroscopic distances of 322 NLTT stars (Scholz+, 2005)J/ApJS/159/141 : Spectroscopic properties of cool stars. I. (Valenti+, 2005)J/AJ/132/161 : NStars project: The southern sample. I. (Gray+, 2006)J/A+A/450/735 : Effective temperatures and radii of stars (Masana+, 2006)J/AJ/132/866 : New M dwarfs in solar neighborhood (Riaz+, 2006)J/A+A/460/695 : Search for Assoc. Containing Young stars (Torres+, 2006)J/MNRAS/374/664 : Stellar atmospheric param. in MILES library (Cenarro+, 2007)J/AJ/133/2524 : Spectra of young nearby stars (White+, 2007)J/A+A/478/507 : Distances & atmospheric param. of MSU stars (Morales+, 2008)J/A+A/496/527 : RV curves of HD 47186 and HD 181433 (Bouchy+, 2009)J/MNRAS/396/1895 : MgI and sTiO index definitions (Cenarro+, 2009)J/A+A/493/1099 : CaII HK emission in rapidly rot. stars (Schroeder+, 2009)J/ApJ/694/1085 : Radii of exoplanet host stars (van Belle+, 2009)J/ApJ/720/1290 : Abundances of stars hosting planets (Ghezzi+, 2010)J/MNRAS/407/1657 : Rotation velocities of dwarf M stars (Houdebine, 2010)J/ApJ/725/875 : Chromospheric activity for CPS stars (Isaacson+, 2010)J/MNRAS/403/1949 : UBV(RcIc)JHK photometry of HIP nearby stars (Koen+, 2010)J/A+A/520/A15 : RACE-OC project: YSOs within 100pc (Messina+, 2010)J/MNRAS/411/435 : Stellar parameters and extinction (Bailer-Jones, 2011)J/A+A/526/A71 : C abundances in G and K nearby stars (da Silva+, 2011)J/A+A/531/A8 : Activity indices & velocities for 890 stars (Jenkins+, 2011)J/ApJ/743/48 : Stars with rot. periods & X-ray luminosities (Wright+, 2011)J/ApJ/746/101 : Diameters and temperatures of AFG stars (Boyajian+, 2012)J/A+A/537/A147 : Optimizing exoplanet transit searches (Herrero+, 2012)J/MNRAS/427/343 : Infrared excesses of Hipparcos stars (McDonald+, 2012)J/AJ/145/102 : Sp. of bright M dwarfs in the northern sky (Lepine+, 2013)J/A+A/553/A95 : PCA approach to stellar effective temp. (Bermejo+, 2013)J/A+A/552/A27 : Stellar activity and kinematics of FGK stars (Murgas+, 2013)J/A+A/557/L10 : Rotation periods of 12000 Kepler stars (Nielsen+, 2013)J/MNRAS/443/L89 : Kapteyn's star sp. measurements (Anglada-Escude+ 2014)J/ApJ/790/L23 : Solar analogs & twins rot. by Kepler (do Nascimento+, 2014)J/MNRAS/443/2561 : CONCH-SHELL catalog of nearby M dwarfs (Gaidos+, 2014)J/AJ/147/146 : Spectroscopy of Tuc-Hor candidate members (Kraus+, 2014)J/ApJ/788/81 : BANYAN III. RVel & rotation of low-mass stars (Malo+, 2014)J/AJ/147/20 : Spectroscopy of 447 nearby M dwarfs (Newton+, 2014)J/ApJS/220/18 : BDKP IV. RVs of late-M and L dwarfs (Burgasser+, 2015)J/ApJS/220/16 : SpeX NIR survey of 886 nearby M dwarfs (Terrien+, 2015)J/A+A/585/A5 : Exoplanet hosts/field stars ages (Bonfanti+, 2016)J/ApJ/821/93 : Rot. & Galactic kinematics of mid M dwarfs (Newton+, 2016)J/MNRAS/463/1844 : M dwarfs rotation-activity relation (Stelzer+, 2016)J/A+A/600/A13 : HARPS M dwarf magnetic activity (Astudillo-Defru+, 2017)J/ApJ/848/34 : CATalog of Stellar Unified Properties (Hinkel+, 2017)J/ApJ/834/85 : H{alpha} emission in nearby M dwarfs (Newton+, 2017)J/ApJ/840/87 : Young star systems observed with SALT (Riedel+, 2017)J/AJ/153/136 : Planets & their host stars with Gaia plx (Stassun+, 2017)J/AJ/154/184 : Multiplicity of RV exoplanet host stars (Wittrock+, 2017)J/ApJ/843/31 : MUSCLES Treasury Survey. IV. UV fluxes (Youngblood+, 2017)J/A+A/616/A108 : Cool stars chromospheric activity cat. (Boro Saikia+, 2018)J/A+A/615/A31 : PTPS stars IV. (Deka-Szymankiewicz+, 2018)J/MNRAS/475/1960 : ESPaDOnS spectropolarimeter obs. of M dwarfs (Fouque+, 2018)J/A+A/612/A96 : Sp. survey of youngest field stars II. (Frasca+, 2018)J/A+A/619/A81 : Multiplicity among solar-type stars. IV. (Halbwachs+, 2018)J/A+A/612/L2 : Compilation of stellar rotation data (Kovacs, 2018)J/MNRAS/479/1332 : Binaries with F, G or K primaries & M dwarfs (Montes+, 2018)J/AJ/156/217 : Stellar data for M dwarfs in MEarth-South (Newton+, 2018)J/A+A/615/A76 : Spectroscopic param. of stars (SPECIES). I. (Soto+, 2018)J/A+A/616/A7 : Gaia DR2 RV standard stars cat. (Soubiran+, 2018)J/AJ/158/87 : Cool dwarfs observed during K2 C1-17 (Dressing+, 2019)J/A+A/623/A72 : Bin. of HIP stars from Gaia pm anomaly (Kervella+, 2019)J/ApJS/241/12 : Asteroseismic Target List (ATL) for TESS (Schofield+, 2019)J/A+A/642/A115 : CARMENES input catalogue of M dwarfs. V. (Cifuentes+, 2020)J/MNRAS/491/5216 : Rot. periods for 107 M dwarfs from APACHE (Giacobbe+, 2020)J/ApJ/907/91 : HAZMAT VII. Early M-dwarfs (Loyd+, 2021)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/946/98https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/946/98http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/946/98https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/946/98https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/946/98http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/946/98GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/946/98/tableb2 (Observing programs of the stellar COS and literature values)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/946/98/tableb2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/946/98/tableb2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/946/98/tableb2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true295.453973150.52506110.0055555555555555566/78 307 322 2497 3979 4651 4881 5009 5522 6073 6316 7763 8357 9403 9483 9662 10088 10180 10188 10235 10983 11535 11546 11686 11709 11713 11734 11746 11856 12146 12644 12983 13301 14525 14682 14825 15091 15133 15174 15221 15231 15275 15345 15881 16037 16134 16177 16185 16652 16847 17219 17266 17341 17502 18496 18666 18726 19912 20746 22590 22626 22878 23230 23400 23505 23521 23523 23527 23545 24151 24178 24192 24227 24232 24831 25954 26183 26394 26977 27018 27088 28400 28548 28664 30009 30015 30878 31216 31374 32319 32509 32561 32848 32860 32891 32978 33027 33068 33082 33091 33201 33219 33501 33510 33520 33543 33557 33630 33716 33737 33810 33813 33854 33966 33968 33996 33998 34058 34069 34073 34181 34450 34830 34905 35079 35531-35532 35861 36078 36697 36862 37021 37516 37531 37573 37607 37610 37616 37954 38461 38464 38807 38966 38975 38998 39040 39118 39364 40692 41432 41724 42248 42459 43228 43911 44921 45120 45336 45345 45372 45389 45471 45544 46076 46429 46632 47550 48652 48935 49103https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/946/98?format=asciiUVdefaultJ/ApJ/946/98/tableb2Observing programs of the stellar COS and literature valuesNameStar namemeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSpTSpectral typesrc.spTypecharr_SpT[0/69]? Reference for SpT (see refs.dat file)meta.ref;src.spTypeintnullableObsIDObserving Program identifiermeta.id;obscharObsDate of First Observation UTCstime.epochnullableHostExoplanet Host? ("Yes"=78 occurrences)meta.codecharRVel[-99/913]? Radial Velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloatnullabler_RVel[1/65]? Reference for RVel (see refs.dat file)meta.ref;phys.veloc;pos.heliocentricintnullableRVISM[-29.3/27.4] ISM radial velocitykm/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatlogNHI[17.46/19.3]? Log, HI column densitylog(cm**-2)phys.columnDensity;em.line.HIfloatnullableE_logNHI[0.02/0.9]? Upper Uncertainty on logNHI (2)log(cm**-2)stat.error;stat.max;phys.columnDensityfloatnullablel_Prot[dd] dd: Prot is an upper limit based on vsinimeta.code.error;time.periodchare_logNHI[0.02/0.5]? Lower Uncertainty on logNHI (2)log(cm**-2)stat.error;stat.min;phys.columnDensityfloatnullabler_logNHI[70/81]? Reference for logNHI (see refs.dat file)meta.ref;phys.columnDensity;em.line.HIintnullablef_logNHI[d] Flag on logNHI (1)meta.code;phys.columnDensity;em.line.HIcharFLya[1.3e-14/2e-12]? Ly{alpha} Flux, erg/s/cm2mW.m**-2phot.flux;spect.linedoublenullableE_FLya[4e-15/2.2e-12]? Upper Uncertainty on FLya (2)mW.m**-2stat.error;stat.max;phot.fluxdoublenullablee_FLya[3e-15/9e-13]? Lower Uncertainty on FLya (2)mW.m**-2stat.error;stat.min;phot.fluxdoublenullabler_FLya[70/81]? Reference for FLya (see refs.dat file)meta.ref;phot.flux;spect.lineintnullableRHK[-5.7/-3.9]? Log, R'_HK_ activity indicatorspect.indexfloatnullableE_RHK[0.016/0.3]? Upper Uncertainty on RHK (2)stat.error;stat.max;spect.indexfloatnullablee_RHK[0.016/0.3]? Lower Uncertainty on RHK (2)stat.error;stat.min;spect.indexfloatnullabler_RHK[9/93]? Reference for RHK (see refs.dat file)meta.ref;spect.indexintnullableTeff[2515/6831]? Surface effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectivefloatnullableE_Teff[3.8/119]? Upper Uncertainty on Teff (2)Kstat.error;stat.max;phys.temperature.effectivefloatnullablee_Teff[3.8/105]? Lower Uncertainty on Teff (2)Kstat.error;stat.min;phys.temperature.effectivefloatnullabler_Teff[19/110]? Reference for Teff (see refs.dat file)meta.ref;phys.temperature.effectiveintnullableRstar[0.1/2.7]? Stellar radiussolRadphys.size.radiusfloatnullableE_Rstar[0.0057/0.3]? Upper Uncertainty on Rstar (2)solRadstat.error;stat.max;phys.size.radiusfloatnullablee_Rstar[0.0057/0.3]? Lower Uncertainty on Rstar (2)solRadstat.error;stat.min;phys.size.radiusfloatnullabler_Rstar[36/120]? Reference for Rstar (see refs.dat file)meta.ref;phys.size.radiusintnullableDist[3.2/104] Distancepcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricdoubleE_Dist[0.0004/10] Upper Uncertainty on Dist (2)pcstat.error;stat.max;pos.distancefloate_Dist[0.0004/10] Lower Uncertainty on Dist (2)pcstat.error;stat.min;pos.distancefloatr_Dist[2/121]? Reference for Dist (see refs.dat file)meta.ref;pos.distance;pos.heliocentricintnullableProt[0.4/1015]? Rotational Perioddtime.perioddoublenullableE_Prot[0.001/160]? Upper Uncertainty on FLya (2)dstat.error;stat.max;time.periodfloatnullablee_Prot[0.001/13.5]? Lower Uncertainty on FLya (2)dstat.error;stat.min;time.periodfloatnullabler_Prot[54/152]? Reference for FLya (see refs.dat file)meta.ref;time.periodintnullableNbNumber of best fit results for this star (link to Table B4)meta.numberintnullable_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableJ/ApJ/946/98/tableb4Best fit resultsMorphMorphological category (1)src.morphcharNameStar Namemeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintLineEmission Linemeta.id;spect.lineRVel[-96/243] Radial Velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricdoubleE_RVel[0.001/398] Upper Uncertainty on RVelkm/sstat.error;stat.max;spect.dopplerVelocdoublee_RVel[0.001/417] Lower Uncertainty on RVelkm/sstat.error;stat.min;spect.dopplerVelocdoubleFWHM-G[10/291] Gaussian Full width at half maximumkm/sspect.line.widthdoubleE_FWHM-G[6.4e-06/1555] Upper Uncertainty on FWHM-Gkm/sstat.error;stat.max;spect.line.widthdoublee_FWHM-G[0.04/64.6] Lower Uncertainty on FWHM-Gkm/sstat.error;stat.min;spect.line.widthdoubleFWHM-L[1.8/190]? Lorentzian Full width at half maximumkm/sspect.line.widthfloatnullableE_FWHM-L[0.79/882]? Upper Uncertainty on FWHM-Lkm/sstat.error;stat.max;spect.line.widthfloatnullablee_FWHM-L[0.75/58]? Lower Uncertainty on FWHM-Lkm/sstat.error;stat.min;spect.line.widthfloatnullablelogFamp[-16/-9.5] log, Flux Amplitudesrc.var.amplitudefloatE_logFamp[0.004/2] Upper Uncertainty on logFampstat.error;stat.max;src.var.amplitudefloate_logFamp[0.005/3.2] Lower Uncertainty on logFampstat.error;stat.min;src.var.amplitudefloatlogNHI[17/19.1]? log, HI column densitylog(cm**-2)phys.columnDensity;em.line.HIfloatnullableE_logNHI[0.03/1.2]? Upper Uncertainty on logNHIlog(cm**-2)stat.error;stat.max;phys.columnDensityfloatnullablee_logNHI[0.001/2]? Lower Uncertainty on logNHIlog(cm**-2)stat.error;stat.min;phys.columnDensityfloatnullableRVISM[-49/45]? ISM radial velocitykm/sspect.dopplerVelocdoublenullableE_RVISM[0.0001/44]? Upper Uncertainty on RVISMkm/sstat.error;stat.max;spect.dopplerVelocfloatnullablee_RVISM[0.38/68]? Lower Uncertainty on RVISMkm/sstat.error;stat.min;spect.dopplerVelocfloatnullableSH[-1.5/1.5] Airglow Shift, Angstroms0.1nmstat.fit.paramfloatE_SH[0.0005/1] Upper Uncertainty on SH0.1nmstat.error;stat.max;stat.fit.paramfloate_SH[0.0007/1] Lower Uncertainty on SH0.1nmstat.error;stat.min;stat.fit.paramfloatSC[2.1e-10/6.5] Airglow Scale Factorarith.factordoubleE_SC[0.0003/0.3] Upper Uncertainty on SCstat.error;stat.max;instr.scaledoublee_SC[3.3e-06/0.3] Lower Uncertainty on SCstat.error;stat.min;instr.scaledoubleRF[2e-17/5.2e-12] Rec. Flux, erg/s/cm2mW.m**-2phot.fluxdoubleE_RF[5.4e-18/5.3e-12] Upper Uncertainty on RFmW.m**-2stat.error;stat.max;phot.fluxdoublee_RF[1.2e-35/3e-12] Lower Uncertainty on RFmW.m**-2stat.error;stat.min;phot.fluxdoubleJ/ApJ/946/98/refsReferencesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRefReference codemeta.refintBibCodeBibcode of the referencemeta.bib.bibcodecharAuthAuthor's name(s)meta.bib.authorcharCatVizieR catalog's referencemeta.id;meta.datasetchar