J/ApJ/938/118ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/938/118doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19380118CDSDungee R.van Saders J.Gaidos E.Chun M.Garcia R.A.Magnier E.A.,Mathur S.Santos A.R.G.2025-02-12T20:09:18Z2024-10-21T15:51:19ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fropen-star-clustersinfrared-photometryvisible-astronomybroad-band-photometryproper-motionstrigonometric-parallaxk-starsWe present stellar rotation periods for late K- and early M-dwarf members of the 4Gyr old open cluster M67 as calibrators for gyrochronology and tests of stellar spin-down models. Using Gaia EDR3 astrometry for cluster membership and Pan-STARRS (PS1) photometry for binary identification, we build this set of rotation periods from a campaign of monitoring M67 with the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope's MegaPrime wide-field imager. We identify 1807 members of M67, of which 294 are candidate single members with significant rotation period detections. Moreover, we fit a polynomial to the period versus color- derived effective temperature sequence observed in our data. We find that the rotation of very cool dwarfs can be explained by simple solid-body spin-down between 2.7 and 4Gyr. We compare this rotational sequence to the predictions of gyrochronological models and find that the best match is Skumanich-like spin-down, P_rot_{propto}t^0.62^, applied to the sequence of Ruprecht 147. This suggests that, for spectral types K7-M0 with near-solar metallicity, once a star resumes spinning down, a simple Skumanich-like relation is sufficient to describe their rotation evolution, at least through the age of M67. Additionally, for stars in the range M1-M3, our data show that spin-down must have resumed prior to the age of M67, in conflict with the predictions of the latest spin-down models.2022ApJ...938..118Dhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/938/118CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/350 : Gaia EDR3 (Gaia Collaboration, 2020)IV/39 : TESS Input Catalog version 8.2 (TIC v8.2) (Paegert+, 2021)I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)J/AJ/106/181 : CCD photometry of open cluster M67 (Montgomery+ 1993)J/AJ/112/628 : BATC Color Survey of M67 (Fan+ 1996)J/A+A/470/585 : NGC 2682 uvby-Hbeta photometry (Balaguer-Nunez+, 2007)J/ApJ/687/1264 : Age estimation for solar-type dwarfs (Mamajek+, 2008)J/A+A/489/403 : Line abundances for solar stars (Pace+, 2008)J/ApJ/695/679 : Stellar rotation in M35 (Meibom+, 2009)J/ApJ/743/48 : Stars with rot. periods & X-ray luminosities (Wright+, 2011)J/ApJ/750/99 : The Pan-STARRS1 photometric system (Tonry+, 2012)J/MNRAS/432/1203 : Rotation periods of M-dwarf stars (McQuillan+, 2013)J/ApJ/776/67 : Rotational tracks (van Saders+, 2013)J/ApJ/780/159 : Rot-mass-age relations of old field stars (Epstein+, 2014)J/ApJ/807/45 : Habitable planets around M dwarfs (Dressing+, 2015)J/ApJ/804/64 : Empirical and model parameters of 183 M dwarfs (Mann+, 2015)J/ApJ/833/281 : Candidate rotating M dwarfs from PS1-MDS (Kado-Fong+, 2016)J/MNRAS/463/696 : M67 solar twins chemical compositions (Liu+, 2016)J/ApJ/821/93 : Rot & Galactic kinematics of mid M dwarfs (Newton+, 2016)J/AJ/152/113 : Pleiades members with K2 LCs. I. Periods (Rebull+, 2016)J/ApJ/842/83 : Praesepe members rot. periods from K2 LCs (Douglas+, 2017)J/ApJ/834/85 : H{alpha} emission in nearby M dwarfs (Newton+, 2017)J/ApJ/839/92 : Praesepe members with K2 light curve data (Rebull+, 2017)J/ApJ/862/33 : Improved & expanded membership for NGC752 (Agueros+, 2018)J/ApJ/869/9 : Machine-learning investigation of M67 (Gao, 2018)J/AJ/156/217 : Stellar data for M dwarfs in MEarth-South (Newton+, 2018)J/ApJ/879/49 : Rot. periods for Gaia members of NGC 6811 (Curtis+, 2019)J/A+A/621/A126 : CARMENES input catalog of M dwarfs. IV. (Diez Alonso+ 2019)J/ApJ/879/100 : K2 rot. per. for Hyades & Praesepe members (Douglas+, 2019)J/AJ/158/75 : M dwarfs planet occurrence rates (Hardegree-Ullman+, 2019)J/A+A/621/A21 : Activity of Kepler stars (Reinhold+, 2019)J/ApJS/244/21 : Surface rot. & activity of Kepler stars. I. (Santos+, 2019)J/AJ/157/216 : Stellar mult. rate of M dwarfs within 25pc (Winters+, 2019)J/ApJ/904/140 : R147 members & rot. data for 5 other cl. (Curtis+, 2020)J/ApJ/895/140 : EvryFlare. II. Param. of cool flare stars (Howard+, 2020)J/ApJ/898/76 : Rot. vel. of APOGEE stars in Kepler field (Simonian+, 2020)J/AJ/161/189 : Gyro-kinematic ages for ~30000 Kepler stars (Lu+, 2021)J/ApJ/916/77 : K2 rot. periods for SDSS & Gaia M dwarfs (Popinchalk+, 2021)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/938/118https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/938/118http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/938/118https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/938/118https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/938/118http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/938/118GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/938/118/table1 (*Parameters for M dwarfs used for (r-i)-Teff relation)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/938/118/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/938/118/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/938/118/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true19.6675-0.874321940.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/938/118/table2 (Catalog of M67 members)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/938/118/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/938/118/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/938/118/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true132.964633953211.12119396440.0055555555555555566/309 527 725 2159 3118 4253 4255 4277 4296 4298-4299 4320 4366 5590 6672 6894 6924 7264 9399 9529 9585 9597 11391 11636 14252 14419 14772 15602 17534 18003 18553 19064 20005 20071 20459 21747 22626 22645 23731 26772 26972 27730 28548 29756 30771 32033 32491 32575 40197 40679 489061.9867573869263685e-19 4.670716440110116e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/938/118?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/938/118/table1*Parameters for M dwarfs used for (r-i)-Teff relationrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSource Name used in Mann+ 2015, J/ApJ/804/64meta.id;meta.maincharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharRAJ2000Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainGmag[7/13.6] Synthetic Gaia G magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloatBPmag[0/16.2] Synthetic Gaia BP magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.BfloatRPmag[0/12.2] Synthetic Gaia RP magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.RfloatM0[0.1/0.7] Stellar masssolMassphys.massfloate_M0[0.004/0.02] Uncertainty in M0solMassstat.error;phys.massfloat[Fe/H][-0.06/0.06] Metallicitylog(Sun)phys.abund.Fefloate_[Fe/H][0.03/0.08] Uncertainty in Metallicitylog(Sun)stat.error;phys.abund.FefloatTeff[2829/4013] Effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintgmag[8.41/16.74] Synthetic PS1 g magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloate_gmag[0.02/0.03] Uncertainty in gmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.Bfloatrmag[7.06/15.08] Synthetic PS1 r magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloate_rmag[0.01/0.02] Uncertainty in rmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatimag[6.46/12.82] Synthetic PS1 i magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloate_imag[0.01/0.02] Uncertainty in imagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatzmag[6.13/11.56] Synthetic PS1 z magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloate_zmag[0.01/0.02] Uncertainty in zmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.IfloatKsmag[4/9] Synthetic Ks magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloate_Ksmag[0.019/0.02] Uncertainty in Ksmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.KfloatJ/ApJ/938/118/table2Catalog of M67 membersRPmag[6.9/19.9]? Gaia EDR3 RP magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatnullablee_RPmag[0.003/0.15]? Uncertainty in RPmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatnullableobjid? PS1 DR2 objID (ps1id)meta.id.crossnullablegmag[/22.4]? PS1 DR2 g magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Bdoublenullablee_gmag[1.7e-05/0.32]? Uncertainty in gmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.Bdoublenullablermag[/21.4]? PS1 DR2 r magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Rdoublenullablee_rmag[1.9e-05/0.17]? Uncertainty in rmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.Rdoublenullableimag[/20.23]? PS1 DR2 i magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Idoublenullablee_imag[4.3e-05/0.32]? Uncertainty in imagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.Idoublenullablezmag[/20.52]? PS1 DR2 z magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Idoublenullablee_zmag[5.3e-05/0.22]? Uncertainty in zmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.IdoublenullablePMm[0.5/1] M67 member probability based on astrometry (memberprob)stat.probability;meta.code.memberfloatBinFlagged as a multiple star systemmeta.code.multipcharG18MmIs also a member of M67 in Gao 2018, J/ApJ/869/9 (gaomember)meta.code.membercharsuspectIs potentially suspect as a member of M67meta.code.membercharFitWas used for the fit to sequence (converged)meta.codecharTeff[3202/4095]? Effective temperature computed from PS1 r-iKphys.temperature.effectiveintnullableProtJ/ApJ/938/118/table3*Detected Lomb-Scargle failure modes (see Section 5.1)FapFalse Alarm probability of rotation periodstat.probabilitycharHalfPer[2.9/413]? If present in periodogram, lomb-scargle failure mode with m=2 & n=0dtime.epochfloatnullable3dPer[2.79/275]? If present in periodogram, lomb-scargle failure mode with m=3 & n=0dtime.epochfloatnullableMonth1n-2[3.69/47]? If present in periodogram, lomb-scargle failure mode with m=1 & n=-2, for ~month peak in window function, {delta}P~29.5daysdtime.epochfloatnullableMonth2n-1[3.3/806]? If present in periodogram, lomb-scargle failure mode with m=1 & n=-1, for ~month peak in window function, {delta}P~29.5daysdtime.epochfloatnullableMonth3n+1[2.89/28.7]? If present in periodogram, lomb-scargle failure mode with m=1 & n=+1, for ~month peak in window function, {delta}P~29.5daysdtime.epochfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGaiaThe Gaia EDR3 source_id number of starmeta.id;meta.mainProt