J/ApJ/932/27ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/932/27doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19320027CDSBarrows R.S.Comerford J.M.Stern D.Heida M.2026-02-10T20:05:28Z2024-05-16T14:48:04ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frx-ray-binary-starsgalaxiesvisible-astronomyx-ray-sourcesredshiftedUltraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are thought to be powerful X-ray binaries (XRBs) and may contribute significantly to the redshift-dependent X-ray emission from star-forming galaxies. We have assembled a uniform sample of 259 ULXs over the redshift range z=0.002-0.51 to constrain their physical nature and their contribution to the cosmic X-ray background. The sample is constructed by crossmatching galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey with the Chandra Source Catalog and selecting off-nuclear X-ray sources after applying astrometric corrections. The fraction of contaminants is ~30% and shows no evolution with redshift. The host-galaxy star formation rates (SFRs) are systematically elevated relative to the parent sample when matched in host stellar mass. The specific SFRs suggest a slight preference for high-mass XRBs, and the X-ray luminosity scaling relations with host-galaxy stellar mass and SFR indicate that the highest-redshift sources represent relatively luminous XRB populations that dominate their host-galaxy X-ray emission. The fraction of galaxies hosting at least one ULX of a given luminosity increases with redshift over the full range of our sample, as expected if ULXs are preferentially found in galaxies with high SFRs and low metallicities. At z~0.5, the ULX X-ray flux is consistent with the X-ray emission from star-forming galaxies. Moreover, ULXs may account for up to ~40% of the integrated flux from XRBs in the normal galaxy population out to z~0.5, suggesting they may contribute significantly to the overall ionizing radiation from galaxies.2022ApJ...932...27Bhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/932/27CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toIX/57 : The Chandra Source Catalog (CSC), Release 2.0 (Evans+, 2019)VII/233 : The 2MASS Extended sources (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)V/154 : Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS), Release 16 (DR16) (Ahumada+, 2020)II/335 : Revised cat. of GALEX UV sources (GUVcat_AIS GR6+7) (Bianchi+ 2017)II/311 : WISE All-Sky Data Release (Cutri+ 2012)J/ApJS/143/25 : Intermediate-luminosity X-ray objects cat. (Colbert+, 2002)J/ApJ/602/231 : Chandra X-ray point sources in nearby gal. (Colbert+, 2004)J/ApJS/154/519 : Properties of ultraluminous X-ray candidates (Swartz+, 2004)J/ApJS/157/59 : Ultraluminous X-ray sources in nearby galaxies (Liu+, 2005)J/A+A/429/1125 : Catalog of Ultraluminous X-ray sources (Liu+, 2005)J/ApJ/649/730 : ULX population in nearby galaxies from XMM (Winter+, 2006)J/ApJS/166/211 : Chandra sources in Antennae galaxies (Zezas+, 2006)J/ApJS/192/10 : Chandra ACIS survey in 383 nearby galaxies. I. (Liu, 2011)J/ApJ/741/49 : ULX candidates in nearby galaxies (Swartz+, 2011)J/MNRAS/416/1844 : 2XMM ultraluminous X-ray source candidates (Walton+, 2011)J/MNRAS/419/2095 : HMXBs in nearby galaxies (Mineo+, 2012)J/ApJ/776/L31 : Energy feedback from XRB from z=0 to z=19.92 (Fragos+, 2013)J/ApJ/764/41 : X-ray binary evolution across cosmic time (Fragos+, 2013)J/A+A/582/A121 : Dust properties in galaxies (Remy-Ruyer+, 2015)J/ApJS/222/12 : Luminous X-ray cand. within D25 of galaxies (Gong+, 2016)J/ApJ/825/7 : Evolution of ~6Ms CDF-S galaxies (Lehmer+, 2016)J/ApJS/234/23 : The WISE AGN candidates catalogs (Assef+, 2018)J/ApJ/882/181 : Luminous X-ray sources from SDSS & CSC2 (Barrows+, 2019)J/MNRAS/483/5554 : Non-nuclear X-ray sources in nearby gal. (Earnshaw+, 2019)J/MNRAS/498/4790 : Ultralum. X-ray sources in local Universe (Kovlakas+, 2020)J/ApJS/251/2 : CDWFS: Chandra survey in Bootes. I. (Masini+, 2020)J/MNRAS/491/3606 : Effects of metallicity on HMXB formation (Ponnada+, 2020)J/ApJ/922/179 : Host galaxies phot. for WISE-selected AGNs (Barrows+, 2021)J/PASJ/73/1315 : Extragalactic X-ray binaries catalog (Inoue+, 2021)J/ApJ/907/17 : HMXB-dominant galaxy sample and properties (Lehmer+, 2021)J/MNRAS/509/1587 : 4XMM-DR10/CSC2/2SXPS ULX candidates (Walton+, 2022)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/932/27https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/932/27http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/932/27https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/932/27https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/932/27http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/932/27GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/932/27/table1 (Ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) candidates)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/932/27/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/932/27/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/932/27/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.33416713.1113890.0055555555555555566/50 306 650 764 1671 1700-1701 2251 2388 2564 2585 4447 4690 4804 5016 5046 5061 5124 5236 5241 5370 5590 5749 5781 5816 5904 5964 5966 6010 6014 6019 6045 6075 6077 6079 6084 6093 6098 6115 6634 6639 7223 7251 7273 7281 7337 7371 7584 7606-7607 7768 7872 8019 8225 8264 8271 8345 8440 8526 8557 8642 8673 8963 8997 9009 9050 9072 9135 9147 9287 9468 9632 10153 10213 10354 10379 10401 10442 10471 10512 10519 10544 10628 10769 10841 10877 11044 11071 11160 11194-11195 11241 11252 11263 11424-11425 11455 11461 11512 11591 11807 11832 11908 11933 12121 12553 13511 15351 15684 16784 16806 17300 17492 17506 17690 17692 17699 17745 18003 18009 18011 18096 18209 18753 18895 18935 19089 19204 19321 19432 19625 19661 19881 20071 20083 20095 20177 20191 20237 21996 22826 22828 22830 24913 25594 25599 25669 25683 25852 25934 25942 25979 26028 26209 26264 26361 26393 26990 27009 27245 27247 27257 27314 27340 27466 27514-27515 27719 27735 27767 27773-27774 27857 27861 27872 27914 27938 27944 27946 28005 28032 28039 28123 28127 28147 28167 28249 28311 28414 28430 28495 28512 28529 31080 31158 31379 31461 31532 36621 44026https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/932/27?format=asciiX-rayOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/932/27/table1Ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) candidatesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint2CXOULX candidate CSC2 identifier (JHHMMSS.s+DDMMSS)meta.id;meta.maincharGalULX candidate host galaxy identifier (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.ss)meta.id.parentcharz[0.0016/0.51] Best available host galaxy redshift (1)src.redshiftdoublef_z[ab] Flag on z (2)meta.code;src.redshiftcharOffset[0.07/35] Candidate offset from host galaxy centroidkpcpos.angDistancefloate_Offset[0.02/6] Uncertainty in Offsetkpcstat.error;pos.angDistancefloatLum[0.7/423.3] Unabsorbed, rest-frame 0.5-7keV luminosity; 10^39^erg/s1e+32Wphys.luminosity;em.X-rayfloate_Lum[0.1/330] Lower uncertainty in Lum1e+32Wstat.error;stat.min;phys.luminosityfloatE_Lum[0.1/314] Upper uncertainty in Lum1e+32Wstat.error;stat.max;phys.luminosityfloatlogMs[5.5/13.8] Log host galaxy stellar masslog(solMass)phys.massfloate_logMs[0.01/2] Uncertainty in logMslog(solMass)stat.error;phys.massfloatSFR[-10.4/2.3] Log star formation ratelog(solMass.yr**-1)phys.SFRfloate_SFR[0.01/11] Uncertainty in SFRlog(solMass.yr**-1)stat.error;phys.SFRfloatSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullable_RAPositions from 2CXO names (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from 2CXO names (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main