J/ApJ/928/158ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/928/158doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19280158CDSBond H.E.Jencson J.E.Whitelock P.A.Adams S.M.Bally J.Cody A.M.,Gehrz R.D.Kasliwal M.M.Masci F.J.2024-11-06T20:24:22Z2024-03-20T09:24:06ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frtransient-sourcesvariable-starsinfrared-sourceshst-photometryvisible-astronomyThe SPitzer InfraRed Intensive Transients Survey (SPIRITS) searched for luminous infrared (IR) transients and variables in nearly 200 nearby galaxies from 2014 to 2019, using the warm Spitzer telescope at 3.6 and 4.5{mu}m. Among the SPIRITS variables are IR-bright objects that are undetected in ground-based optical surveys. We classify them as (1) transients, (2) periodic variables, and (3) irregular variables. The transients include eSPecially Red Intermediate-luminosity Transient Events (SPRITEs), having maximum luminosities fainter than supernovae, red IR colors, and a wide range of outburst durations (days to years). Here we report deep optical and near-IR imaging with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) of 21 SPIRITS variables. They were initially considered SPRITE transients, but many eventually proved instead to be periodic or irregular variables as more data were collected. HST images show most of these cool and dusty variables are associated with star-forming regions in late-type galaxies, implying an origin in massive stars. Two SPRITEs lacked optical progenitors in deep preoutburst HST images; however, one was detected during eruption at J and H, indicating a dusty object with an effective temperature of ~1050K. One faint SPRITE turned out to be a dusty classical nova. About half the HST targets proved to be periodic variables, with pulsation periods of 670-2160d; they are likely dusty asymptotic-giant-branch (AGB) stars with masses of ~5-10M_{sun}_. A few of them were warm enough to be detected in deep HST frames, but most are too cool. Out of six irregular variables, two were red supergiants with optical counterparts in HST images; four were too enshrouded for HST detection.2022ApJ...928..158Bhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/928/158CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/hst : HST Archived Exposures Catalog (STScI, 2007)II/342 : Hubble Source Catalog (V1 and V2) (Whitmore+, 2016)J/A+A/442/281 : Late-type giants BVRIJHKL & Teff calib. (Kucinskas+, 2005)J/AcA/59/239 : VI LCs of LMC long-period variables (Soszynski+, 2009)J/ApJS/187/275 : Photometric histories of recurrent novae (Schaefer, 2010)J/ApJ/727/53 : Red supergiant stars in the LMC. I. (Yang+, 2011)J/AJ/146/86 : Cosmicflows-2 catalog (Tully+, 2013)J/ApJ/799/215 : 26 type II-Plateau supernovae parameters (Pejcha+, 2015)J/AJ/152/50 : Cosmicflows-3 catalog (CF3) (Tully+, 2016)J/ApJ/834/107 : Follow-up photometry of M101 OT2015-1 (Blagorodnova+, 2017)J/ApJ/839/88 : IR transients with Spitzer (SPRITEs) (Kasliwal+, 2017)J/ApJ/834/196 : Galactic novae with m<=10 from 1900 to 2015 (Shafter, 2017)J/A+A/632/L6 : AT 2018hso light curves and spectra (Cai+, 2019)J/ApJ/877/49 : DUSTiNGS. V. 3.6 and 4.5um light curves (Goldman+, 2019)J/ApJ/886/40 : Most luminous SPIRITS IR transients (Jencson+, 2019)J/ApJ/877/110 : SPIRITS cat. of IR long period var. (Karambelkar+, 2019)J/MNRAS/483/5150 : Variables in NGC3109 dwarf irregular galaxy (Menzies+, 2019)J/A+A/630/A75 : Six luminous red novae photometry (Pastorello+, 2019)J/ApJS/241/38 : A comprehensive analysis of Spitzer SNe (Szalai+, 2019)J/A+A/637/A20 : AT 2019abn: multi-wavelength observations (Williams+, 2020)J/A+A/654/A157 : 5 ILRTs light curves and spectra (Cai+, 2021)J/ApJ/912/19 : Follow-up phot. & sp. of 12 PGIR novae (De+, 2021)J/AJ/162/183 : IR spectra of V838 Monocerotis with SOFIA (Woodward+, 2021)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/928/158https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/928/158http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/928/158https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/928/158https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/928/158http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/928/158GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/928/158/targets (HST log (Table 1) and targets (Table 2))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/928/158/targets?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/928/158/targets?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/928/158/targets?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true210.731291754.38847220.0055555555555555566/4511 5995 7606 7743 10761 11227 11434 15593 16441 28631 33193 43881https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/928/158?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/928/158/targetsHST log (Table 1) and targets (Table 2)SimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSPIRITSSPIRITS namemeta.id;meta.maincharf_SPIRITSFlag on SPIRITS (1)meta.codecharGalHost galaxy namemeta.id.parentcharDateObservation datetime.epoch;obsnullablePropID[13935/14892] Program IDmeta.id;obsintnullableExpF814W[584/1659]? F814W total exposure timestime.duration;obs.exposure;em.opt.IintnullableExpF110W[484/2385]? F110W total exposure timestime.duration;obs.exposure;em.IR.JintnullableExpF160W[155/2385] F160W total exposure timestime.duration;obs.exposure;em.IR.Hintnullablem-M[27.34/29.82]? Galaxy distance modulusmagphot.mag.distModfloatnullablee_m-M[0.02/0.45]? m-M uncertaintymagstat.errorfloatnullabler_m-MDistance moduli reference (2)meta.ref;pos.framecharRAJ2000Hour of right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainClassLight-curve classificationmeta.code;src.varcharf_Classb=Probably a classical nova; see Section 6.3meta.codecharNpNumber of photometry measurements for this sourcemeta.numberintnullableLCInteractive LC Plotmeta.ref.urlcharJ/ApJ/928/158/fig1Spitzer IRAC, ATLAS and iPTF light curvesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSPIRITSSPIRITS designationmeta.id;meta.maincharMJD[52949/59229.2] Modified Julian date (JD-2400000.5)dtime.epochdoubleTelTelescope and instrument ("Spitzer/IRAC", "iPTF" or "ATLAS")instrcharBandPhotometric bandmeta.code;instr.filtercharl_magLimit flag on mag (1)meta.code.errorcharmag[13.8/22.8] Apparent magnitude in Band (2)magphot.magfloate_mag[0.01/0.7]? 1-sigma uncertainty in magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullable