J/ApJ/927/44ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/927/44doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19270044CDSCarlsten S.G.Greene J.E.Beaton R.L.Greco J.P.2025-10-07T20:10:10Z2025-10-07T08:42:58ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frdwarf-galaxieslocal-groupglobular-star-clusterssurveysWe present the properties of the globular clusters (GCs) and nuclear star clusters (NSCs) of low-mass (10^5.5^<M_*_<10^8.5^M_{sun}_) early-type satellites of Milky Way-like and small group hosts in the Local Volume (LV) using deep, ground-based data from the ongoing Exploration of Local VolumE Satellites Survey. This sample of 177 dwarfs significantly increases the statistics for studying the star clusters of dwarfs in low-density environments, offering an important comparison to samples from nearby galaxy clusters. The LV dwarfs exhibit significantly lower nucleation fractions at fixed galaxy mass than dwarfs in nearby clusters. The masses of NSCs of LV dwarfs show a similar scaling of M_*,NSC_{propto}M_*,gal_^0.4^ as that found in clusters but offset to lower NSC masses. To deal with foreground/background contamination in the GC analysis, we employ both a statistical subtraction and Bayesian approach to infer the average GC system properties from all dwarfs simultaneously. We find that the GC occupation fraction and average abundance are both increasing functions of galaxy stellar mass, and the LV dwarfs show significantly lower average GC abundance at fixed galaxy mass than a comparable sample of Virgo dwarfs analyzed in the same way, demonstrating that GC prevalence also shows an important secondary dependence on the dwarf's environment. This result strengthens the connection between GCs and NSCs in low-mass galaxies. We discuss these observations in the context of modern theories of GC and NSC formation, finding that the environmental dependencies can be well explained by these models.2022ApJ...927...44Chttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/927/44CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toVII/195 : Globular Clusters in the Milky Way (Harris, 1996)VII/202 : Globular Clusters in the Milky Way (Harris, 1997)J/ApJS/153/223 : ACS Virgo Cluster Survey. I. (Cote+, 2004)J/A+A/442/85 : Globular cluster cand. in Low SB Galaxies (Sharina+, 2005)J/AJ/131/814 : VCC 1087 globular cluster system (Beasley+, 2006)J/ApJS/171/101 : GCs in the ACS Virgo cluster survey (Jordan+, 2007)J/ApJ/660/1186 : VCC galaxies classification with SDSS (Lisker+, 2007)J/ApJ/681/197 : ACS Virgo Cluster Survey. XV (Peng+, 2008)J/MNRAS/396/1075 : Globular cluster in nearby dwarf gal. II (Georgiev+, 2009)J/MNRAS/392/879 : Globular clusters in nearby dwarf galaxies (Georgiev+, 2009)J/MNRAS/405/857 : Star clusters in NGC 3256 (Goddard+, 2010)J/AJ/144/4 : Dwarf galaxies in the Local Group (McConnachie+, 2012)J/AJ/145/101 : Updated nearby galaxy catalog (Karachentsev+, 2013)J/MNRAS/445/2385 : HST/ACS Coma Cluster Survey. X. (den Brok+, 2014)J/MNRAS/441/3570 : Nuclear star clusters in spiral galaxies (Georgiev+, 2014)J/ApJ/789/147 : Star formation histories of LG dwarf galaxies (Weisz+, 2014)J/ApJ/813/L15 : Dwarf galaxies in Fornax cluster from NGFS (Munoz+, 2015)J/ApJ/843/16 : Galaxy groups within 3500km/s (Kourkchi+, 2017)J/MNRAS/478/1520 : Milky Way globular clusters data (Baumgardt+, 2018)J/ApJ/855/142 : Next Generation Fornax Survey. II. (Eigenthaler+, 2018)J/ApJ/857/104 : Low surface brightness galaxies from HSC-SSP (Greco+, 2018)J/ApJ/859/52 : NGFS. III. Dwarf gal. in outer reg. (Ordenes-Briceno+, 2018)J/ApJ/860/4 : NGFS. IV. The Fornax core region (Ordenes-Briceno+, 2018)J/A+A/620/A165 : Fornax Deep Survey with VST. IV. Dwarf gal. (Venhola+, 2018)J/A+A/625/A94 : YSOs in early-type dwarf galaxies (Hamraz+, 2019)J/A+A/629/A18 : Deep VI phot. of 15 dwarf galaxy candidates (Mueller+, 2019)J/ApJ/878/18 : NGVS. XXIII. Nuclear star clusters (Sanchez-Janssen+, 2019)J/ApJ/890/128 : NGVS. XIV. Bona fide Virgo cl. members (Ferrarese+, 2020)J/MNRAS/491/1901 : Dwarf gal. in the MATLAS low-density fields (Habas+, 2020)J/A+A/635/A135 : Galaxies around M87 (Kashibadze+, 2020)J/ApJ/922/267 : Dwarf galaxies photometry & structures (Carlsten+, 2021)J/A+A/647/A100 : Fornax Deep Survey with VST. XI. (Su+, 2021)J/ApJ/933/47 : The ELVES survey photometric results (Carlsten+, 2022)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/927/44https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/927/44http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/927/44https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/927/44https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/927/44http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/927/44GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/927/44/table4 (Dwarf photometry and globular cluster (GC) results)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/927/44/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/927/44/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/927/44/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true209.311254.10080.0055555555555555565/6878 6/2272 2371 2374 2377 2380 2411 2414 2604 2611 2628 2774 2777 2852 2953 4508 4511 5067 7530 7577 7580 7582 7600 7603-7604 7611 7618 7650 7956 10751 10754 10756 10760-10761 10763 10839 10841-10843 10851 10856 10977 10980-10981 11093 11095 11432 11434 11691 13720 14149 18398 18417 18420 20262 25081-25083 26257 26260 26263 26268 26797 26800 26803 26808-26809 26811 27030-27031 27507 27516 27518-27519 27580 27603-27606 28004 28025 28101 28113 28140 28167 28178 28184 28186 28361 34251 34273 34471 34480 35720 35969 39100 43258 43263 43403 43425 43434 43604 43606-43607 43610 43875 43878 43883 45748 45750 48035https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/927/44?format=asciidefaultJ/ApJ/927/44/table4Dwarf photometry and globular cluster (GC) resultsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSatellite namemeta.id;meta.maincharHostHost galaxy namemeta.id.parentcharDist[0/11.9] Host distanceMpcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloatlogM[5.58/8.47] Log of dwarf's stellar masslog(solMass)phys.massfloatNgc[-6.5/16.2]? GC abundance from the simple background-subtraction analysisphys.abundfloatnullablee_Ngc[0/14.1]? Lower uncertainty on Ngcstat.error;stat.min;phys.abundfloatnullableE_Ngc[0/6.6]? Upper uncertainty on Ngcstat.error;stat.max;phys.abundfloatnullableFiltFilter combination (g/r or g/i)meta.id;instr.filtercharSourceSource of data (CFHT/MegaCam, DECaLS...)meta.id;instrcharpapIDisplay data from Paper I (Carlsten+ 2022, J/ApJ/933/47)meta.ref.urlintnullable_RAPositions from Carlsten+ 2022, J/ApJ/933/47 (Paper I) or from SIMBAD (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullable_DEPositions from Carlsten+ 2022, J/ApJ/933/47 (Paper I) or from SIMBAD (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullableSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullable