J/ApJ/926/204ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/926/204doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19260204CDSHoward W.S.MacGregor M.A.2024-09-03T20:10:54Z2023-12-04T14:43:26ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frstellar-flaresstellar-massesm-starsA 20s cadence Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite monitoring campaign of 226 low-mass flare stars during Cycle 3 recorded 3792 stellar flares of >=10^32^erg. We explore the time-resolved emission and substructure in 440 of the largest flares observed at high signal-to-noise, 97% of which released energies of >=10^33^erg. We discover degeneracy present at 2 minute cadence between sharply peaked and weakly peaked flares is common, although 20s cadence breaks these degeneracies. We better resolve the rise phases and find 46% of large flares exhibit substructure during the rise phase. We observe 49 candidate quasi-periodic pulsations (QPP) and confirm 17 at >=3{sigma}. Most of our QPPs have periods less than 10 minutes, suggesting short-period optical QPPs are common. We find QPPs in both the rise and decay phases of flares, including a rise-phase QPP in a large flare from Proxima Cen. We confirm that the Davenport+ (2014ApJ...797..122D) template provides a good fit to most classical flares observed at high cadence, although 9% favor Gaussian peaks instead. We characterize the properties of complex flares, finding 17% of complex flares exhibit "peak-bump" morphologies composed of a large, highly impulsive peak followed by a second, more gradual Gaussian peak. We also estimate the UVC surface fluences of temperate planets at flare peak and find one-third of 10^34^erg flares reach the D90 dose of Deinococcus radiodurans in just 20s in the absence of an atmosphere.2022ApJ...926..204Hhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/926/204CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/347 : Distances to 1.33 billion stars in Gaia DR2 (Bailer-Jones+, 2018)IV/38 : TESS Input Catalog - v8.0 (TIC-8) (Stassun+, 2019)J/AJ/132/866 : New M dwarfs in solar neighborhood (Riaz+, 2006)J/ApJ/767/95 : Improved parameters of smallest KIC stars (Dressing+, 2013)J/ApJS/207/15 : M dwarf flare spectra (Kowalski+, 2013)J/AJ/147/146 : Spectroscopy of Tuc-Hor candidate members (Kraus+, 2014)J/ApJ/807/45 : Habitable planets around M dwarfs (Dressing+, 2015)J/ApJ/809/77 : Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (Sullivan+, 2015)J/ApJ/859/87 : Kepler long- and short-cadence flare parameters (Yang+, 2018)J/ApJ/883/88 : Short-duration stellar flares (Brasseur+, 2019)J/MNRAS/489/437 : Origin of stellar flares on M dwarfs with TESS (Doyle+, 2019)J/ApJ/881/9 : EvryFlare. I. Cool stars's flares (Howard+, 2019)J/AJ/159/60 : Flares from 1228 stars in TESS sectors 1 & 2 (Gunther+, 2020)J/ApJ/902/115 : EvryFlare. III. Superflares (Howard+, 2020)J/ApJ/895/140 : EvryFlare. II. Param. of 122 cool flare stars (Howard+, 2020)J/ApJ/905/107 : Sp. activity indicators of TIC stars (Medina+, 2020)J/ApJS/256/33 : Magellan-TESS Survey (MTS). I. (Teske+, 2021)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/926/204https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/926/204http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/926/204https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/926/204https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/926/204http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/926/204GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/926/204/stars (List of the 146 unique stars extracted from Tables 1+2; table added by CDS)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/926/204/stars?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/926/204/stars?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/926/204/stars?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true71.8464206-27.84322890.0055555555555555566/16455 16622 16765 16990 16993 17124 17139 17186 17202 17531 17605-17606 17617 17640 17813 20505 20507 20540 20595 20618 20661 21180 21254 22535 22603 22645 22760 22856-22857 22904 23094 23111 23443 26726 32805 32827 32930 32940 32953 32978 33055 33065 33075 33129 33193 33228 33255 33320 33375 33449 33464 33475 33482 33493 33501 33523 33531 33550 33579 33589 33613 33664 33666 33716 33838 33848-33849 33882 33894 33937 34026 34127 34145 34196 34266 34293 34312 34486 34680 34701 34734 34742 34776 34819 34833 34857 34921 34942 34963 34979 34984 35053 35100 35131 35154 35283 35391 35497 35517 35531 35860 35887 36146 36319 36401 36466 36492 36614 37041 37377 37379 37418 37613 38646 38970 39331 39439 39630 40275 40435 40801 41591 43155 45326 45345 45377 45389 45391 45471 45503 46082 46247 46344 46351 46456 46598 46698 46962 47047 48066 48173 48263 48286https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/926/204?format=asciidefaultJ/ApJ/926/204/starsList of the 146 unique stars extracted from Tables 1+2; table added by CDSSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTIC[593228/471016669] Identifier, TESS input catalogmeta.id;meta.mainlongprimaryNflNumber of flares observed for this star (link to Table 1)meta.numberintnullableLFlDisplay data for the large flares observed for this star (link to Table 2)meta.numberintnullable_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/926/204/table1Catalog of all 3792 flares observed across 226 M-dwarfs at 20 second cadence during TESS Cycle 3TIC[593228/471016669] Identifier, TESS input catalogmeta.id;meta.mainlongrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTBJD-start[2036.3/2353.4] Flare start time, TESS Barycentric Julian Date (1)dtime.epochdoubleTBJD-peak[2036.3/2353.4] Flare peak time, TESS Barycentric Julian Date (1)dtime.epochdoubleTBJD-stop[2036.3/2353.5] Flare stop time, TESS Barycentric Julian Date (1)dtime.epochdoubleED[10/8980] Equivalent durationstime.durationintlogEbol[32/35.8] Log, flare energy, erglog(1e-07J)phys.energyfloatAT[0.003/6.6] Peak flare amplitude, measured at 20s cadence (2)src.var.amplitudefloatSNR[3/1137] Photometric S/N of the peakstat.snrintMstar[0.12/0.63] Stellar masssolMassphys.massfloatProt[0.1/83]? Rotational perioddtime.perioddoublenullableNoisyPhotometric scatter too noisy? (3)meta.codecharJ/ApJ/926/204/table2Time-resolved properties of 440 large flares observed across 226 M-dwarfs at 20 second cadence during TESS Cycle 3TIC[2760232/471016669] Identifier, TESS input catalogmeta.id;meta.mainlongrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTBJD-start[2037.5/2335.3] Flare start time, TESS Barycentric Julian Date (1)dtime.epochdoubleTBJD-peak[2037.5/2335.3] Flare peak time, TESS Barycentric Julian Date (1)dtime.epochdoubleTBJD-stop[2037.6/2335.3] Flare stop time, TESS Barycentric Julian Date (1)dtime.epochdoubleED[50/8980] Equivalent durationstime.durationintlogEbol[32/35.8] Log, flare energy, erglog(1e-07J)phys.energyfloatAT[0.018/6.6] Peak flare amplitude, measured at 20s cadence (2)src.var.amplitudefloatFWHM[0.2/179] FWHM duration in minutesmintime.intervalfloatIMPL[0.00019/4] Impulse (3)stat.fit.omcdoubleNrise[1/5] Number, substructure peaks in the rise phasemeta.numberintNdom[1/6] Number, dominant peaks (4)meta.numberintNtot[1/11] Number of peaks across the entire flaremeta.numberintComplexRise phase complexity is presentmeta.codecharQPPQPPs are present?meta.codecharsignif[4/1137] Significancestat.fit.goodnessintMstar[0.12/0.6] Stellar masssolMassphys.massfloatProt[0.12/83]? Rotational perioddtime.perioddoublenullablelogQ0[28.3/32] Log, quiescent luminosity, erg/slog(1e-07W)phys.luminosityfloatHZFluUVC[10/16200] UVC fluence (5)J.m**-2phot.fluence;em.gamma.hardintlogFsurv[-4.9/-0] Log, estimated survival fraction (6)stat.fit.paramfloat