J/ApJ/926/1ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/926/1CDSTokovinin A.2023-10-25T07:45:41Z2023-10-24T17:13:40ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starsvisible-astronomytrigonometric-parallaxsurveysA sample of 392 low-mass hierarchical triple stellar systems within 100pc resolved by Gaia as distinct sources is defined. Owing to the uniform selection, the sample is ideally suited to study unbiased statistics of wide triples. The median projected separations in their inner and outer pairs are 151 and 2569 au, respectively, and the median separation ratio is close to 15. Some triples appear in nonhierarchical configurations, and many are just above the dynamical stability limit. Internal motions in these systems are known with sufficient accuracy to determine the orbital motion sense of the outer and inner pairs and to reconstruct the eccentricity distributions. The mean inner and outer eccentricities are 0.66+/-0.02 and 0.54+/-0.02, respectively; the less eccentric outer orbits are explained by dynamical stability. The motion sense of the inner and outer pairs is almost uncorrelated, implying a mean mutual inclination of 83.1{deg}+/-4.5{deg}. The median mass of the most massive component is 0.71M_{sun}_, and the median system mass is 1.53M_{sun}_. In a 0.69 fraction of the sample the primary belongs to the inner binary, while in the remaining systems it is the tertiary. A 0.21 fraction of the inner subsystems are twins with mass ratios >0.95. The median outer mass ratio is 0.41; it decreases mildly with increasing outer separation. Presumably, these wide hierarchies were formed by collapse and fragmentation of isolated cores in low-density environments and represent a small fraction of initial systems that avoided dynamical decay. Wide pre-main-sequence multiples in Taurus could be their progenitors.2022ApJ...926....1Thttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/926/1CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/wds : The Washington Visual Double Star Catalog (Mason+ 2001-2020)J/A+A/380/238 : Long-period companions of multiple stars (Shatsky, 2001)J/A+A/384/1030 : Orientation of orbits in triple stars (Sterzik+, 2002)J/ApJS/190/1 : A survey of stellar families (Raghavan+, 2010)J/AJ/147/86 : From binaries to multiples. I. FG-67 sample (Tokovinin, 2014)J/MNRAS/456/2070 : Eccentricity distribution of wide bin. (Tokovinin+, 2016)J/A+A/599/A14 : Taurus ultra-wide pairs (Joncour+, 2017)J/ApJ/844/103 : Orbit alignment in triple stars (Tokovinin, 2017)J/ApJS/235/6 : Updated Multiple Star Cat. (MSC): Sept 2021 (Tokovinin, 2018)J/AJ/157/216 : Stellar mult. rate of M dwarfs within 25pc (Winters+, 2019)J/A+A/649/A6 : Gaia Catalog of Nearby Stars - GCNS (Gaia collaboration, 2021)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/926/1https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/926/1http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/926/1https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/926/1https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/926/1http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/926/1GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/926/1/table1 (Data on resolved wide triple systems)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/926/1/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/926/1/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/926/1/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.9065627-40.17908160.0055555555555555566/13 151 260 350 384 447 799 962 1046 1118 1264 1310 1381 1468 1476 1581 1614 1703 1714 1744 1788 1882 2058 2319 2331 2456 2688 2747 3060 3121 3245 3334 3451 3517 3793 3810 3944 3968 4277 4396 4559 4651 4808 5022 5091 5318 5354 5412 5482 5741 5924 6135 6153 6470 6497 6607 6683 6796 6979 7202 7281 7391 7483 7497 7698 8130 8324 8381 8424 8450 8516 8624 8788 8859 9169 9314 9368 9378 9746 9999 10004 10124 10213 10255 10316 10443 10473 10489 10639 10670 10805 10814 10855 10880 10936 10992 11029 11131 11303 11367 11400 11686 11762 11803 11960 12131 12242 12273 12448 12459 12472 12518 12527 13031 13323 13410 13440 13597 13701 13762 13849 13966 14057 14076 14101 14122 14280 14336 14750 14822 15176 15252 15282 15313 15343 15480 15482 15494 15652 15654 15674 15718 16000 16005 16123 16142 16164 16241 16385 16409 16440 16463 16851 16862 16918 17351 17453 17455 17462 17860 17941 17948 18065 18157 18203 18251 18341 18456-18457 18615 18826 18912 19321 19491 19719 19836 20217 20479 20929 20998 21042 21050 21199 21311 21379 21569 21624 21669 21826 21862 21955 22263 22425 22671 22908 22954 23136 23218 23277 23283 23293 23319 23398 23439 23526 23826 23912 23949 24019 24195 24718 24922 24951 25011 25034 25153 25281 25283 25475 25477 25552 25605 25687 25711 25890 25991 26107 26146 26156-26157 26373 26535 27006 27344 27404 27732 27790 27905 27985 28655 28782 28968 29208 29635 29649 30022 30169 30395 30407 30417 30511 30622 31254 31256 31258 31285 32058 32115 32345 33188 33201 33401 33475 33598 33767 34150 34157 34450 34516 34784 34915 34935 34972 35025 35033 35046 35051 35095 35301 35303 35440 35586 35640 35679 35773 35827 35998 36171 36192 36360 36447 36453 36536 36726 36768 36800 36869 37075 37205 37273 37501 37745 37947 38065 38169 38171 38260 38374 38439 38462 38566 38622 38662 38681 38821 38894 39651 39700 39808 39859 39949 39960 39966 39969 39988 40080 40186 40188 40205 40389 40470 40502 40509 40513 40596 40905 41012 41168 41281 41297 41299 41363 41378 41468 41773 42125 42139 42331 42420 42433 42736 42891 42933 43025 43028 43038 43051 43073 43101 43437 43827 44303 44436 44542 44701 45073 45124 45289 45371 45402 45587 45593 45666 45733 45965 46155 46196 46215 46351 46436 46466 47156 47694 47706 47714 47725 47780 47800 47866 47925 47991 48231 48387 48404 48497 48752 48790 49027 490421.9867573869263685e-19 3.916500758235022e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/926/1?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/926/1/table1Data on resolved wide triple systemse_gamma[0.1/119.3]? Error in Gammadegstat.errorfloatnullabledelmu[0.1/74.1]? Relative PM, {Delta}{mu}mas/yrpos.pm;arith.difffloatnullablemup[0.04/1.41]? Normalized speed, {mu}'phys.veloc;arith.difffloatnullableGCNSDisplay data from GCNS (Gaia col. 2021, J/A+A/649/A6)meta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPositions from Gaia EDR3 recalculated in ICRS at Ep=2000 by VizieR in GCNS (Gaia col. 2021, J/A+A/649/A6) (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from Gaia EDR3 recalculated in ICRS at Ep=2000 by VizieR in GCNS (Gaia col. 2021, J/A+A/649/A6) (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintN[1/392] Sequential system number (1)meta.id.parentintIDWDS code (HHMMm+DDMM; J2000 for the brightest star)meta.idcharPlx[9.6/87] Gaia parallaxmaspos.parallaxfloatm_IDComponent label (2)meta.code.multipcharGaiaGaia EDR3 identifiermeta.id;meta.mainGmag[4.86/20.75] Gaia G-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloatMass[0.07/1.5] MassSunphys.massfloatSep[0.5/328]? Angular separation, {rho} (3)arcsecpos.angDistancefloatnullablePA? Position angle, {theta}degpos.posAngfloatnullablegamma? Gamma angledeginstr.offsetfloatnullable