Morphological asymmetry of massive low-z galaxies J/ApJ/925/70 ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/925/70 doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19250070 CDS Zhao Y. Li Y.A. Shangguan J. Zhuang M.-Y. Ho L.C. 2024-05-29T08:24:08Z 2023-10-02T08:50:33Z CDS support team CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France cds-question@unistra.fr interacting-galaxies active-galactic-nuclei galaxy-classification-systems galaxy-radii The morphology of galaxies reflects their assembly history and ongoing dynamical perturbations from the environment. Analyzing stacked i-band images from the Pan-STARRS1 3{pi} Steradian Survey, we study the optical morphological asymmetry of the host galaxies of a large, well-defined sample of nearby active galactic nuclei (AGNs) to investigate the role of mergers and interactions in triggering nuclear activity. The AGNs, comprising 245 type 1 and 4514 type 2 objects, are compared with 4537 star-forming galaxies (SFGs) matched in redshift (0.04<z<0.15) and stellar mass (M_*_>10^10^M_{sun}_). We develop a comprehensive masking strategy to isolate the emission of the target from foreground stars and other contaminating nearby sources, all the while retaining projected companions of comparable brightness that may be major mergers. Among three variants of nonparametric indices, both the popular CAS asymmetry parameter (A_CAS_) and the outer asymmetry parameter (A_outer_) yield robust measures of morphological distortion for SFGs and type 2 AGNs, while only Aouter is effective for type 1 AGNs. The shape asymmetry (A_shape_), by comparison, is affected more adversely by background noise. Asymmetry indices >~0.4 effectively trace systems that are candidate ongoing mergers. Contrary to theoretical expectations, galaxy interactions and mergers are not the main drivers of nuclear activity, at least not in our sample of low- redshift, relatively low luminosity AGNs, whose host galaxies are actually significantly less asymmetric than the control sample of SFGs. Moreover, type 2 AGNs are morphologically indistinguishable from their type 1 counterparts. The level of AGN activity does not correlate with asymmetry, not even among the major merger candidates. As a by-product, we find, consistent with previous studies, that the average asymmetry of SFGs increases above the main sequence, although not all major mergers exhibit enhanced star formation. 2022ApJ...925...70Z https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/925/70 Catalog Research IsServedBy TAP VizieR generic service IsServedBy Conesearch service related-to II/349 : The Pan-STARRS release 1 (PS1) Survey - DR1 (Chambers+, 2016) V/154 : Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS), Release 16 (DR16) (Ahumada+, 2020) J/ApJS/107/1 : Morphologies of distant galaxies II (Abraham+ 1996) J/ApJS/147/1 : Classification of nearby galaxies (Conselice+, 2003) J/PASP/117/227 : Properties of 101 galaxies from the NFGS (Kewley+, 2005) J/ApJ/667/131 : Mass function of active black holes (Greene+, 2007) J/MNRAS/393/1275 : STAGES master catalog (Gray+, 2009) J/ApJS/206/10 : CANDELS multiwavelength catalog (Galametz+, 2013) J/ApJ/804/34 : Luminous AGNs and early-type SDSS galaxies (Hong+, 2015) J/ApJ/859/116 : BH masses and Eddington ratios of Type 2 QSOs (Kong+, 2018) J/ApJS/244/34 : The CGS. VIII. R-band images of disk galaxies (Gao+, 2019) J/ApJS/243/21 : Broad-line AGN from SDSS-DR7 (Liu+, 2019) J/ApJS/256/40 : HST imaging survey of low-z Swift-BAT AGNs (Kim+, 2021) J/ApJ/919/134 : SDSS shocked post-starburst gal. with HST (Sazonova+, 2021) http://ps1images.stsci.edu/cgi-bin/ps1cutouts : PS1 image access http://www.sdss.org/dr16/data_access/ : SDSS DR16 data access https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.html https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/925/70 https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/925/70 http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/925/70 https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/925/70 https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/925/70 http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/925/70 GET text/xml+votable https://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tap Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/925/70/table1 (and measurements) https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/925/70/table1? https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/925/70/table1? http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/925/70/table1? 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11970 12288 12379-12380 12382-12383 12389-12392 12395 12399 12401 12406 12547 12552 12556 12561 12564 16887 16894 17149-17151 17213-17214 17223 17229-17231 17233 17237 17239-17240 17242-17244 17253-17257 17259 17262 17264 17295 17300-17301 17303 17306 17308 17313 17315-17316 17318 17325 17328 17330 17344 17406-17407 17470 17493 17497-17499 17505 17507 17510-17511 17516-17517 17520-17522 17551 17554 17564 17571 17574-17575 17580 17582 17601-17602 17661 17663 17665 17668 17727 17747 17749-17750 17756 17761-17766 17769-17770 17772-17774 17777 17805-17807 17809 17816 17818 17821-17822 17825 17828-17829 17832-17833 17835 17837-17838 17840-17842 17858 17982-17983 17998-17999 18001-18003 18007 18012 18014 18017-18022 18024 18027-18028 18032 18062-18063 18067 18082-18085 18087 18090-18092 18094 18096 18112 18301-18303 18365 18381 18383 18388-18389 18391 18396 18402-18403 18408 18410-18412 18414 18495 18509 18515 18519 18521 18523-18526 18533-18535 18537-18539 18541-18542 18544-18546 18581-18583 18589 18601 18603 18605-18607 18609 18611 18616 18618 18625-18626 18628 18632 18687-18688 18690 18751 18765-18767 18771-18774 18776-18778 18782 18785-18787 18796-18798 18801-18803 18829-18831 18833 18837 18845-18846 18849 18851-18854 18859-18860 18864-18866 18949-18950 18953-18954 18956 18976 19006-19007 19023 19027 19029 19033-19038 19042-19044 19047 19052-19054 19089 19091-19093 19095 19100-19101 19106 19109 19111 19113 19117-19118 19121-19122 19136-19137 19200-19202 19323-19324 19326 19375 19382-19383 19387-19388 19391 19399 19404 19406-19408 19410 19412-19413 19416-19418 19424 19426-19427 19432 19456-19457 19668 19671-19674 19678 19683-19684 19686-19687 19690 19692-19694 19700 19704 19725 19732 19734-19736 19739 19741-19742 19751 19753-19756 19759 19776 19841 19844 19983 19987-19990 19992-19993 19995-19996 19998 20004 20006 20010-20011 20016-20018 20033-20034 20097 21845 21847 21851-21852 21854-21855 21873 21883 21886-21887 21965 21971-21972 21976 21980 21982 21991 22004-22005 22007-22010 22012 22352 22355 22361 22365-22366 22388 22397 22399 22717 22762 23049 23053-23054 23057-23059 23062 23066 23072-23074 23076 23101 23103 23146 23181 23186-23187 23189 23193-23197 23203-23204 23206-23209 23211-23212 23232-23233 25559 25566-25567 25581 25585 25591-25592 25597-25599 25821 25837-25839 25845-25848 25850 25885 25887 25903 25906-25907 25910-25911 25913-25914 25917-25919 25923-25924 25929 25931 25936-25938 25940 25942-25944 25946 25948-25949 25951 25960-25962 25970 25972-25974 25976 25978-25981 25983 25986-25987 25990 25992 25997 26000-26002 26004-26006 26009-26010 26012-26013 26016 26018 26021-26023 26025-26026 26028 26032 26034-26035 26039 26044 26046 26052-26053 26055 26058 26060 26062-26063 26067 26069 26071-26074 26088 26090-26091 26096 26098-26102 26110 26142-26143 26155 26157-26158 26177-26180 26182-26183 26185-26186 26188 26200-26201 26203 26205 26207-26209 26213-26215 26218-26222 26230-26231 26233 26235 26238 26241-26243 26245 26249-26252 26255-26258 26263 26267-26269 26271 26273 26275 26282 26284-26285 26287-26288 26291 26294-26295 26300 26303-26304 26306-26307 26311-26312 26314-26315 26318-26321 26324-26325 26327 26333-26334 26337-26339 26341-26343 26347 26352-26354 26366-26369 26371-26372 26374-26377 26380-26382 26384-26385 26387-26388 26390-26392 26394-26395 26401 26403-26404 26406-26408 26413-26416 26420-26421 26425-26427 26430-26431 26441-26442 26444-26445 26447 26452 26455-26457 26460-26461 26463 26467 26469-26472 26474 26476 26478-26481 26484 26486-26489 26492-26494 26497-26498 26500 26509 26511 26516-26517 26520-26521 26523-26524 26526 26528-26530 26532-26534 26536 26538 26540 26544 26547 26551 26553-26557 26559-26560 26562-26565 26567-26570 26572-26573 26575-26577 26579 26581-26583 26586-26590 26597 26600 26602-26603 26608-26610 26612-26613 26615 26617-26621 26623 26877-26878 26909-26910 26943 26945 26947 26952-26954 26956-26957 26959 26961 26963 26968 26970 26974-26976 26978-26979 26988 26990-26991 26996-26998 27000-27002 27021 27023 27027-27028 27037-27039 27043 27049 27056 27058-27059 27061-27062 27064 27066 27070-27072 27074-27076 27078 27080 27082-27083 27088-27089 27096 27099 27101 27106-27108 27110-27111 27120-27121 27123-27125 27130 27132-27134 27198-27199 27219 27225-27226 27234-27238 27240-27241 27244-27246 27248 27250 27252-27254 27262 27279 27283 27285 27288-27289 27291 27299 27303 27305 27307-27308 27310 27317-27321 27325-27328 27330 27336-27337 27340-27342 27346-27347 27349-27350 27352 27354 27356-27357 27359 27361 27364 27366 27368-27370 27373-27376 27379 27386-27388 27391-27393 27395-27397 27400 27402-27405 27407-27409 27414 27416 27420-27421 27424-27425 27427-27429 27431 27433-27435 27444 27446 27457 27460-27461 27463-27464 27466-27467 27470-27472 27474-27476 27486 27489 27491-27494 27506-27507 27509-27513 27516 27518-27520 27522 27529-27531 27533 27535 27538-27541 27543-27544 27546-27547 27550-27552 27554-27555 27557 27565-27566 27573 27581 27583 27586-27587 27589-27590 27596-27597 27611 27613-27615 27625-27626 27630-27634 27636-27637 27639 27641-27646 27648 27651-27653 27661 27663 27665-27667 27672 27674-27675 27688 27690-27691 27693-27696 27698 27701 27704 27706-27707 27709 27711-27713 27715-27717 27719-27720 27722-27723 27725-27727 27729-27731 27736 27739-27740 27742-27743 27745-27748 27751-27752 27754 27756 27758 27761 27768 27770-27771 27774 27776 27779 27784 27786 27788 27791-27792 27795 27801-27803 27806-27808 27810 27813 27817-27820 27822 27824-27825 27827-27830 27837 27839 27841-27842 27844 27846-27847 27850-27851 27853-27854 27856 27858-27862 27865-27868 27870 27872-27874 27877 27887-27889 27895 27898 27900-27901 27908 27913-27914 27918 27923-27924 27927 27932 27935 27941-27943 27949 27951 27969 27973 27975-27978 27981-27983 27986 27990-27991 28008-28010 28012-28014 28017 28019 28024-28025 28028 28031 28037 28039 28041-28044 28046-28047 28049-28054 28060 28063-28065 28067 28069-28070 28073-28075 28077 28079 28085 28087 28089-28091 28100-28101 28103-28104 28109-28110 28115-28116 28119 28124 28126 28129-28133 28135 28144 28146 28148-28149 28152-28153 28156-28157 28159-28160 28162 28165 28167-28168 28170-28171 28173 28176-28178 28183-28185 28187 28192-28193 28195 28199-28200 28202-28203 28208-28209 28211 28213-28214 28217-28220 28225 28227 28230-28231 28245 28247 28250-28251 28253-28256 28259 28261 28263 28274-28275 28281 28285-28287 28289-28291 28294-28296 28298-28301 28303 28306-28309 28312 28314-28315 28317 28319-28321 28323 28327-28329 28331 28334-28336 28338 28340 28348 28350-28351 28356-28357 28359 28362 28365 28369 28371 28376-28378 28380-28382 28384 28388 28390 28393 28400-28401 28408-28409 28411 28415 28421 28423-28425 28427 28434-28436 28439 28453-28455 28458 28466-28468 28470-28471 28474 28477-28478 28486-28487 28489-28490 28492 28494-28496 28498-28499 28501 28504 28506-28507 28509 28511 28513-28518 28520-28522 28526 28529 28531-28532 28534-28538 28540 28542 28553-28554 28556-28557 28564-28565 28568-28569 28572 28581 28583-28586 28589 28592-28593 28595 28599 28602-28604 28606 28608 28611-28613 28615-28617 28619 28621 28624 28626 28629 28631-28633 28635 28637-28640 28642-28643 28645 28648 28650 28652 28655-28656 28658-28659 28662 28665-28666 28668 28670-28671 30031 30035 30037-30039 30041-30042 30045 31144-31146 31290-31291 31294 31309 31313 31315-31317 31322-31324 31329 31331-31333 31338 31341 31344 31357-31359 31365 31370-31371 31373-31375 31377-31379 31381 31383 31388 31390-31392 31394 31396-31397 31399 31404 31406 31410-31413 31415 31426-31427 31433 31435-31436 31438-31439 31442 31451-31452 31458-31462 31464 31466 31469-31471 31473-31474 31476 31479-31482 31534-31535 31550 31594 31616 31619 31623 31632 31635 31637 31640 31642-31645 31647-31648 31654-31655 31657-31660 31662-31664 31667 31669-31670 31672 31677-31678 31680 31685-31686 31693 31695 31699 31704 31707 31712 31715 31718-31719 31721-31722 31724-31725 31727 31738 31740 32397 32408 32410-32413 32422 32425 32429 32433-32434 32436-32437 32441 32443 32447 32482 32486 32490 32495 32500-32501 32506 32674 32680-32681 32683-32684 36702-36703 36717-36718 36723-36724 36726 36730 36734 36763-36764 36774 36781-36783 36786 36788-36789 36794 36802 36804-36805 36808 36810 36862 40959 45046-45047 45049 48983 49005 49012-49014 49019-49020 49085 49094-49095 49098-49099 49101-49103 49120 49123 49129 https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/925/70?format=ascii Optical default J/ApJ/925/70/table1 and measurements recno Record number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification. meta.record int Seq [1/9296] Running sequence number meta.id;meta.main int RAJ2000 Right ascension (J2000) deg pos.eq.ra;meta.main DEJ2000 [-11.2/68.6] Declination (J2000) deg pos.eq.dec;meta.main z [0.04/0.15] Redshift src.redshift float logMs [10/11.6] Stellar mass of the host galaxy log(solMass) phys.mass float logSFR [-2.5/2.1]? Star formation rate log(solMass.yr**-1) phys.SFR float nullable logLOIII [39/47.2]? [OIII] Luminosity in erg/s (1) log(1e-07W) phys.luminosity;em.opt float nullable Merger [0/1]? Merger flag (2) meta.code int nullable C [0.29/4.8] Optical concentration phys.size;arith.ratio float ACAS [-0.4/1.2] CAS asymmetry spect.line.asymmetry float e_ACAS [0/0.5] Uncertainty in CAS asymmetry stat.error float Aouter [-0.22/2] Outer asymmetry spect.line.asymmetry float e_Aouter [0/0.6] Uncertainty in outer asymmetry stat.error float Ashape [0.08/2.1] Shape asymmetry spect.line.asymmetry float Prad [5/498] Petrosian radius pix phys.size.radius float Rmax [12/4630] The semimajor axis of the minimal ellipse (3) pix phys.size.radius;stat.max float Rhalf [2.7/3697] The semimajor axis of an elliptical aperture that contains 50% of the light pix phys.size.radius;stat.min float Type Subsample type (4) meta.code.class char PS1 Display the PS1 data (II/349) within 0.5" meta.ref.url char DR16 Display the SDSS-DR16 data (V/154) within 0.5" meta.ref.url char Sloan Display the online SDSS-DR17 data for the nearest object meta.ref.url char SimbadName Simbad column added by the CDS meta.id char nullable