J/ApJ/923/119ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/923/119doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19230119CDSGauza B.Bejar V.J.S.Rebolo R.Alvarez C.Zapatero Osorio M.R.,Bihain G.Caballero J.A.Pinfield D.J.Telesco C.M.Packham C.2023-11-03T13:21:31Z2023-07-20T15:30:20ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frvariable-starsinfrared-sourcesvisible-astronomyproper-motionstrigonometric-parallaxsurveysstellar-spectral-typesIn this work we present the results of a direct imaging survey for brown dwarf companions around the nearest stars at the mid-infrared 10um range ({lambda}_c_=8.7{mu}m, {Delta}{lambda}=1.1{mu}m) using the CanariCam instrument on the 10.4m Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC). We imaged the 25 nearest stellar systems within 5pc of the Sun at declinations {delta}{>}-25{deg} (at least half have planets from radial-velocity studies), reaching a mean detection limit of 11.3+/-0.2mag (1.5mJy) in the Si-2 8.7{mu}m band over a range of angular separations from 1" to 10". This would have allowed us to uncover substellar companions at projected orbital separations between ~2 and 50au, with effective temperatures down to 600K and masses greater than 30M_Jup_ assuming an average age of 5Gyr and masses down to the deuterium-burning mass limit for objects with ages <1Gyr. From the nondetection of such companions, we determined upper limits on their occurrence rate at depths and orbital separations yet unexplored by deep imaging programs. For the M dwarfs, the main component of our sample, we found with a 90% confidence level that fewer than 20% of these low-mass stars have L- and T-type brown dwarf companions with m>~30M_Jup_ and T_eff_>~600K at ~3.5-35au projected orbital separations.2021ApJ...923..119Ghttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/923/119CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)J/AJ/121/2189 : Stars within 8 pc of the Sun (Oppenheimer+, 2001)J/ApJ/670/1367 : Gemini Deep Planet Survey (Lafreniere+, 2007)J/ApJ/687/1264 : Age estimation for solar-type dwarfs (Mamajek+, 2008)J/A+A/511/A21 : Radial velocities of GJ876 planetary system (Correia+, 2010)J/ApJ/719/890 : Keck radial velocities of GJ 876 (Rivera+, 2010)J/ApJ/743/141 : T dwarf companions around M, L, T dwarfs in IR (Carson+, 2011)J/AJ/144/64 : Solar neighborhood. XXVIII. Companions (Dieterich+, 2012)J/ApJ/777/160 : NIR imaging survey for planets around MG stars (Biller+, 2013)J/A+A/549/A109 : HARPS XXXI. The M-dwarf sample (Bonfils+, 2013)J/A+A/551/A79 : RVel periodic variations in {tau} Ceti (Tuomi+, 2013)J/ApJ/794/159 : Statistical analysis of exoplanet surveys (Brandt+, 2014)J/ApJ/785/126 : HIRES radial velocity measurements (Knutson+, 2014)J/A+A/569/A120 : Spectra of wide companions to planet-host stars (Lodieu+ 2014)J/A+A/577/A128 : CARMENES input catalog of M dwarfs. I (Alonso-Floriano+, 2015)J/ApJS/216/7 : Planets Around Low-Mass Stars (PALMS). IV. (Bowler+, 2015)J/MNRAS/448/1044 : Simulation data for planetary model systems (Hansen+, 2015)J/ApJ/804/64 : Empirical and model parameters of 183 M dwarfs (Mann+, 2015)J/ApJ/806/248 : AO imaging of KOIs with gas giant planets (Wang+, 2015)J/A+A/593/A38 : SPOTS II. Planets Orbiting Two Stars (Bonavita+, 2016)J/A+A/594/A63 : International Deep Planet Survey results (Galicher+, 2016)J/A+A/605/L11 : YZ Ceti radial velocity curve (Astudillo-Defru+, 2017)J/A+A/602/A88 : 5 M dwarfs radial velocity curves (Astudillo-Defru+, 2017)J/ApJ/840/70 : Historical and HST Astrometry of Sirius A,B (Bond+, 2017)J/AJ/153/208 : LCES HIRES/Keck RV Exoplanet Survey (Butler+, 2017)J/A+A/603/A3 : VLT/NaCo Large program. IV. Stat. analysis (Vigan+, 2017)J/ApJ/836/77 : High-S/N optical spectra of FGKM stars (Yee+, 2017)J/A+A/613/A25 : Radial velocity for Ross 128 (Bonfils+, 2018)J/AJ/156/276 : Exoplanetary atm. properties with MIRI (Danielski+, 2018)J/MNRAS/475/1960 : ESPaDOnS spectropolarimeter obs. of M dwarfs (Fouque+, 2018)J/AJ/155/265 : Solar neighborhood. XLIV. RECONS discoveries (Henry+, 2018)J/AJ/155/106 : New Doppler vel. measurements of GJ 876 (Millholland+, 2018)J/A+A/612/A49 : 324 CARMENES M dwarfs velocities (Reiners+, 2018)J/other/Nat/563.365 : Barnard's star radial velocity curve (Ribas+, 2018)J/AJ/156/286 : The LEECH exoplanet imaging survey (Stone+, 2018)J/A+A/609/A117 : CARMENES radial velocity curves of 7 M-dwarf (Trifonov+, 2018)J/AJ/158/187 : Confirmed members of nearby young moving groups (Baron+, 2019)J/A+A/625/A17 : SOPHIE data of Gliese 411 (Diaz+, 2019)J/A+A/621/A126 : CARMENES input catalogue of M dwarfs. IV. (Diez Alonso+ 2019)J/A+A/623/A72 : Binarity of HIP stars from Gaia pm anomaly (Kervella+, 2019)J/AJ/157/33 : RVel exploration of {epsilon} Eridani (Mawet+, 2019)J/other/Sci/365.1441 : GJ 3512 radial velocity & light curves (Morales+, 2019)J/AJ/158/13 : The first 300 stars observed by the GPIES (Nielsen+, 2019)J/A+A/627/A49 : Teegarden's Star RV and H{alpha} curves (Zechmeister+, 2019)J/ApJS/250/29 : Search for nearby Earth analogs. III. RV sets (Feng+, 2020)J/A+A/643/A98 : VIsual Binary Exoplanet survey with SPHERE (Hagelberg+, 2020)J/A+A/643/A112 : CARMENES VIS RVs of 3 M dwarfs (Stock+, 2020)J/A+A/636/A119 : YZ Ceti CARMENES & HARPS radial velocity curve (Stock+, 2020)J/A+A/650/A201 : 10 parsec sample in the Gaia era first update (Reyle+, 2021)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/923/119https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/923/119http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/923/119https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/923/119https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/923/119http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/923/119GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/923/119/table1 (CanariCam target sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/923/119/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/923/119/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/923/119/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true269.452079174.693363890.005555555555555556Associated datahttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/assocdata/?obs_collection=J/ApJ/923/1196/250 546 2737 5000 5420 11636 13301 13688 14266 14772 15311 16758 17348 17425 18450 18496 20940 22300 22309 26972 27462 28955 31781 36526 36697https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/923/119?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/923/119/table1CanariCam target sampleSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameStar namemeta.id;meta.maincharONameOther namemeta.idcharRAJ2000Hour of right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainSpTSpectral type(s)src.spTypecharDist[1.8/4.85] Distancepcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloate_Dist[0.0002/0.02] Dist uncertaintypcstat.errorfloatplx[206/548] Parallaxmaspos.parallax.trigfloate_plx[0.02/1] Parallax uncertaintymasstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatpmRA[-3867/4165] Proper motion in right ascension (pmRA*cosDE)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.radoublee_pmRA[0.02/8] pmRA uncertaintymas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatpmDE[-4777/10363] Proper motion in declinationmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decdoublee_pmDE[0.01/8] pmDE uncertaintymas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatFileName of the FITS file in subdirectory "figb2"; column added by CDSmeta.id;meta.fitscharfitsDownload the FITS filemeta.ref.urlchar