J/ApJ/922/L2ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/922/L2doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19229002CDSVanderburg A.Rodriguez J.E.2023-08-25T12:48:59Z2023-05-04T10:16:45ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frexoplanetsradial-velocityinfrared-astronomyspectroscopyWe place the first constraints on binary planets and exomoons from Doppler monitoring of directly imaged exoplanets. We model radial velocity observations of HR 8799 b, c, and d from Ruffio+ (2021, J/AJ/162/290) and determine upper limits on the msini of short-period binary planets and satellites. At 95% confidence, we rule out companions orbiting the three planets more massive than msini=2M_J_ with orbital periods shorter than 5 days. We achieve our tightest constraints on moons orbiting HR 8799c, where with 95% confidence we rule out out edge-on Jupiter-mass companions in periods shorter than 5 days and edge-on half-Jupiter-mass moons in periods shorter than 1 day. These radial velocity observations come from spectra with resolution 20 times lower than typical radial velocity instruments and were taken using a spectrograph that was designed before the first directly imaged exoplanet was discovered. Similar data sets from new and upcoming instruments will probe significantly lower exomoon masses.2021ApJ...922L...2Vhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/922/L2CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicerelated-toJ/ApJ/761/57 : CHARA array angular diameters of HR 8799 (Baines+, 2012)J/ApJ/807/45 : Habitable planets around M dwarfs (Dressing+, 2015)J/A+A/587/A57 : HR 8799e and HR 8799d spectra (Zurlo+, 2016)J/AJ/155/226 : Gemini Planet Imager sp. of HR 8799 c/d/e (Greenbaum+, 2018)J/A+A/633/A110 : K band spectrum of beta Pictoris b (GRAVITY+, 2020)J/AJ/162/290 : OSIRIS K-band sp. of planets HR8799 b, c & d (Ruffio+, 2021)J/AJ/164/143 : Sp. of HR 8799 planets with SCExAO/CHARIS (Wang+, 2022)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/922/L2https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/922/L2http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/922/L2https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/922/L2https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/922/L2http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/922/L2GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/922/L2/table1*Radial velocities of HR 8799 b, c, and dNamePlanet namemeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJDBarycentric Julian Datedtime.epochdoubleRV[-18.3/-3.2] Radial velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloate_RV[0.7/3.5] RV uncertaintykm/sstat.errorfloatScale[0.02/0.035] Pixel scalearcsecphys.angSize;instr.pixelfloatFiltFilter / Band ("H", "K" or "H/K")instr.bandpass;instr.filtercharJ/ApJ/922/L2/fig2Limits on the presence of orbiting companions to the HR 8799 planetsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[0/499] Line numbermeta.id;meta.mainintPer[0.01/9.99] Moon orbital period, Pdtime.periodfloat1sigmab[0.097/5.54] The 1{sigma} limits for planet b(1.898187x10+27kg)phys.mass;stat.max;meta.modelledfloat2sigmab[0.14/9.83] The 2{sigma} limits for planet b(1.898187x10+27kg)phys.mass;stat.max;meta.modelledfloat3sigmab[0.22/11.17] The 3{sigma} limits for planet b(1.898187x10+27kg)phys.mass;stat.max;meta.modelledfloat1sigmac[0.057/2.67] The 1{sigma} limits for planet c(1.898187x10+27kg)phys.mass;stat.max;meta.modelledfloat2sigmac[0.13/4.98] The 2{sigma} limits for planet c(1.898187x10+27kg)phys.mass;stat.max;meta.modelledfloat3sigmac[0.24/12.28] The 3{sigma} limits for planet c(1.898187x10+27kg)phys.mass;stat.max;meta.modelledfloat1sigmad[0.075/1.56] The 1{sigma} limits for planet d(1.898187x10+27kg)phys.mass;stat.max;meta.modelledfloat2sigmad[0.23/4.7] The 2{sigma} limits for planet d(1.898187x10+27kg)phys.mass;stat.max;meta.modelledfloat3sigmad[0.54/59.1] The 3{sigma} limits for planet d(1.898187x10+27kg)phys.mass;stat.max;meta.modelledfloat