J/ApJ/920/L45ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/920/L45doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19209045CDSAbbasi R.Ackermann M.Adams J.Aguilar J.A.Ahlers M.Ahrens M.,Alispach C.Alves A.A.Amin N.M.An R.Andeen K.Anderson T.,Anton G.Arguelles C.Ashida Y.Axani S.Bai X.Balagopal V.A.,Barbano A.Barwick S.W.Bastian B.Basu V.Baur S.Bay R.,Beatty J.J.Becker K.-H.Becker Tjus J.Bellenghi C.Benzvi S.,Berley D.Bernardini E.Besson D.Z.Binder G.Bindig D.Blaufuss E.,Blot S.Boddenberg M.Bontempo F.Borowka J.Boser S.Botner O.,Bottcher J.Bourbeau E.Bradascio F.Braun J.Bron S.,Brostean-kaiser J.Browne S.Burgman A.Burley R.T.Busse R.S.,Campana M.A.Carnie-bronca E.G.Chen C.Chirkin D.Choi K.Clark B.A.,Clark K.Classen L.Coleman A.Collin G.H.Conrad J.M.Coppin P.,Correa P.Cowen D.F.Cross R.Dappen C.Dave P.De Clercq C.,Delaunay J.J.Dembinski H.Deoskar K.De Ridder S.Desai A.,Desiati P.De Vries K.D.De Wasseige G.De With M.Deyoung T.,Dharani S.Diaz A.Diaz-velez J.C.Dittmer M.Dujmovic H.Dunkman M.,Duvernois M.A.Dvorak E.Ehrhardt T.Eller P.Engel R.Erpenbeck H.,Evans J.Evenson P.A.Fan K.L.Fazely A.R.Fiedlschuster S.,Fienberg A.T.Filimonov K.Finley C.Fischer L.Fox D.Franckowiak A.,Friedman E.Fritz A.Furst P.Gaisser T.K.Gallagher J.Ganster E.,Garcia A.Garrappa S.Gerhardt L.Ghadimi A.Glaser C.Glauch T.,Glusenkamp T.Goldschmidt A.Gonzalez J.G.Goswami S.Grant D.,Gregoire T.Griswold S.Gunduz M.Gunther C.Haack C.Hallgren A.,Halliday R.Halve L.Halzen F.Ha Minh M.Hanson K.Hardin J.,Harnisch A.A.Haungs A.Hauser S.Hebecker D.Helbing K.,Henningsen F.Hettinger E.C.Hickford S.Hignight J.Hill C.,Hill G.C.Hoffman K.D.Hoffmann R.Hoinka T.Hokanson-fasig B.,Hoshina K.Huang F.Huber M.Huber T.Hultqvist K.Hunnefeld M.,Hussain R.In S.Iovine N.Ishihara A.Jansson M.Japaridze G.S.,Jeong M.Jones B.J.P.Kang D.Kang W.Kang X.Kappes A.Kappesser D.,Karg T.Karl M.Karle A.Katz U.Kauer M.Kellermann M.Kelley J.L.,Kheirandish A.Kin K.Kintscher T.Kiryluk J.Klein S.R.Koirala R.,Kolanoski H.Kontrimas T.Kopke L.Kopper C.Kopper S.Koskinen D.J.,Koundal P.Kovacevich M.Kowalski M.Kozynets T.Kun E.Kurahashi N.,Lad N.Lagunas Gualda C.Lanfranchi J.L.Larson M.J.Lauber F.,Lazar J.P.Lee J.W.Leonard K.Leszczynska A.Li Y.Lincetto M.,Liu Q.R.Liubarska M.Lohfink E.Lozano Mariscal C.J.Lu L.,Lucarelli F.Ludwig A.Luszczak W.Lyu Y.Ma W.Y.Madsen J.,Mahn K.B.M.Makino Y.Mancina S.Maris I.C.Maruyama R.Mase K.,Mcelroy T.Mcnally F.Mead J.V.Meagher K.Medina A.Meier M.,Meighen-berger S.Micallef J.Mockler D.Montaruli T.Moore R.W.,Morse R.Moulai M.Naab R.Nagai R.Naumann U.Necker J.Nguyen L.V.,Niederhausen H.Nisa M.U.Nowicki S.C.Nygren D.R.,Obertacke Pollmann A.Oehler M.Oeyen B.Olivas A.O'sullivan E.,Pandya H.Pankova D.V.Park N.Parker G.K.Paudel E.N.Paul L.,Perez De Los Heros C.Peters L.Peterson J.Philippen S.Pieloth D.,Pieper S.Pittermann M.Pizzuto A.Plum M.Popovych Y.Porcelli A.,Prado Rodriguez M.Price P.B.Pries B.Przybylski G.T.Raab C.,Raissi A.Rameez M.Rawlins K.Rea I.C.Rehman A.Reichherzer P.,Reimann R.Renzi G.Resconi E.Reusch S.Rhode W.Richman M.,Riedel B.Roberts E.J.Robertson S.Roellinghoff G.Rongen M.Rott C.,Ruhe T.Ryckbosch D.Rysewyk Cantu D.Safa I.Saffer J.,Sanchez Herrera S.E.Sandrock A.Sandroos J.Santander M.Sarkar S.,Sarkar S.Satalecka K.Scharf M.Schaufel M.Schieler H.Schindler S.,Schlunder P.Schmidt T.Schneider A.Schneider J.Schroder F.G.,Schumacher L.Schwefer G.Sclafani S.Seckel D.Seunarine S.,Sharma A.Shefali S.Silva M.Skrzypek B.Smithers B.Snihur R.,Soedingrekso J.Soldin D.Spannfellner C.Spiczak G.M.Spiering C.,Stachurska J.Stamatikos M.Stanev T.Stein R.Stettner J.Steuer A.,Stezelberger T.Sturwald T.Stuttard T.Sullivan G.W.Taboada I.,Tenholt F.Ter-antonyan S.Tilav S.Tischbein F.Tollefson K.,Tomankova L.Tonnis C.Toscano S.Tosi D.Trettin A.Tselengidou M.,Tung C.F.Turcati A.Turcotte R.Turley C.F.Twagirayezu J.P.Ty B.,Unland Elorrieta M.A.Valtonen-mattila N.Vandenbroucke J.,Van Eijndhoven N.Vannerom D.Van Santen J.Verpoest S.Vraeghe M.,Walck C.Watson T.B.Weaver C.Weigel P.Weindl A.Weiss M.J.,Weldert J.Wendt C.Werthebach J.Weyrauch M.Whitehorn N.,Wiebusch C.H.Williams D.R.Wolf M.Woschnagg K.Wrede G.Wulff J.,Xu X.W.Xu Y.Yanez J.P.Yoshida S.Yu S.Yuan T.Zhang Z.,(the Icecube Collaboration)2024-11-06T20:23:33Z2024-03-26T07:09:02ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frneutrino-astronomyatomic-physicsgamma-ray-astronomyA recent time-integrated analysis of a catalog of 110 candidate neutrino sources revealed a cumulative neutrino excess in the data collected by IceCube between 2008 April 6 and 2018 July 10. This excess, inconsistent with the background hypothesis in the Northern Hemisphere at the 3.3{sigma} level, is associated with four sources: NGC1068, TXS0506+056, PKS1424+240, and GB6J1542+6129. This Letter presents two time-dependent neutrino emission searches on the same data sample and catalog: a point-source search that looks for the most significant time-dependent source of the catalog by combining space, energy, and time information of the events, and a population test based on binomial statistics that looks for a cumulative time-dependent neutrino excess from a subset of sources. Compared to previous time-dependent searches, these analyses enable a feature to possibly find multiple flares from a single direction with an unbinned maximum-likelihood method. M87 is found to be the most significant time-dependent source of this catalog at the level of 1.7{sigma} post-trial, and TXS0506+056 is the only source for which two flares are reconstructed. The binomial test reports a cumulative time-dependent neutrino excess in the Northern Hemisphere at the level of 3.0{sigma} associated with four sources: M87, TXS0506+056, GB6J1542+6129, and NGC1068.2021ApJ...920L..45Ahttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/920/L45CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/ApJ/864/84 : Swift follow-up obs of the TXS 0506+056 blazar (Keivani+, 2018)J/ApJS/247/33 : The Fermi LAT fourth source catalog (4FGL) (Abdollahi+, 2020)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/920/L45https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/920/L45http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/920/L45https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/920/L45https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/920/L45http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/920/L45GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/920/L45/table2 (*Catalog results)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/920/L45/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/920/L45/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/920/L45/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true110.4971.340.0055555555555555566/514 579 911 1085 1701 2122 2155 2295 2331 2414 2623 4695 4770 5423 6018 6507 6647 6822 7426 7606 7896 8199 8299 8915 9003 9075 9460 9612 10681 11153 11212 11639 11649 12466 12604 13179 13729 13927 14619 14641 14690 14692 14751 15211 15969 16655 17579 17754 17857 18035 18457 18718 19398 19523 19831 20099 20141 21564 21768 21935 21960 21972 22501 22917 22950 23014-23015 23099 23121 23127 23691 23830 24027 24185 24260 25818 25910 26131 26254 26292 26340 26983 27060 27243 27765 28083 28139 28479 28492 28517 30218 30244 30258 30284 30313-30315 30416 30570 30573 30593 31663 31894 32261 32311 33099 33295 43233 44908https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/920/L45?format=asciiGamma-raydefaultJ/ApJ/920/L45/table2*Catalog resultsSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDSource identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharf_ID[b] Flag on ID (1)meta.codecharRAJ2000[5/351] Right Ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[-73/72] Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainns[2/28]? Total number of signal-like events in the flare (2)meta.numberfloatnullableE_ns[2/10]? Upper uncertainty in nsstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_ns[1/8]? Lower uncertainty in nsstat.errorfloatnullablegamma[1.3/4]? Flare spectral index (2)spect.indexfloatnullableE_gamma[0.3/0.9]? Upper uncertainty in gammastat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_gamma[0.3/0.9]? Lower uncertainty in gammastat.errorfloatnullablet0[54587/58304]? Modified Julian date of flare time (2)dtime.epochdoublenullableE_t0[0.001/90]? Upper uncertainty in t0dstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_t0[0.001/80]? Lower uncertainty in t0dstat.errorfloatnullablesigmaT[0.0004/200]? Flare duration (2)dtime.durationdoublenullableE_sigmaT[0.001/110]? Upper uncertainty in sigmaTdstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_sigmaT[0.0004/64]? Lower uncertainty in sigmaTdstat.errorfloatnullablelogploc[0.38/3.35]? log local pre-trail p-valuestat.fit.goodnessfloatnullableF90[0.6/56]? Time-integrated flux (3)phot.flux.density;em.gamma.hardfloatnullable