J/ApJ/916/100ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/916/100doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19160100CDSRonchi M.Graber V.Garcia-Garcia A.Rea N.Pons J.A.2023-02-15T07:46:27Z2023-01-26T14:31:43ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frpulsarsproper-motionsstellar-distanceneutron-starsvisible-astronomytrigonometric-parallaxWe explore the possibility of inferring the properties of the Galactic population of neutron stars through machine learning. In particular, in this paper we focus on their dynamical characteristics and show that an artificial neural network is able to estimate with high accuracy the parameters that control the current positions of a mock population of pulsars. For this purpose, we implement a simplified population-synthesis framework (where selection biases are neglected at this stage) and concentrate on the natal kick-velocity distribution and the distribution of birth distances from the Galactic plane. By varying these and evolving the pulsar trajectories in time, we generate a series of simulations that are used to train and validate a suitably structured convolutional neural network. We demonstrate that our network is able to recover the parameters governing the distribution of kick velocity and Galactic height with a mean relative error of about 10^-2^. We discuss the limitations of our idealized approach and study a toy problem to introduce selection effects in a phenomenological way by incorporating the observed proper motions of 216 isolated pulsars. Our analysis highlights that by increasing the sample of pulsars with accurate proper-motion measurements by a factor of ~10, one of the future breakthroughs of the Square Kilometre Array, we might succeed in constraining the birth spatial and kick-velocity distribution of the neutron stars in the Milky Way with high precision through machine learning.2021ApJ...916..100Rhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/916/100CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/psr : ATNF Pulsar Catalogue (Manchester+, 2005)J/MNRAS/328/17 : Parkes Multi-Beam Pulsar Survey (Manchester+, 2001)J/MNRAS/353/1311 : Long-term timing obs. of 374 pulsars (Hobbs+, 2004)J/MNRAS/360/974 : Proper motionsof pulsars (Hobbs+, 2005)J/MNRAS/372/777 : Parkes Multibeam Pulsar Survey. VI. (Lorimer+, 2006)J/ApJ/885/131 : ~200 high-mass SFR plx & PM with VLBI (Reid+, 2019)J/other/Sci/365.478 : Milky Way classical Cepheids sample (Skowron+, 2019)http://www.atnf.csiro.au/research/pulsar/psrcat/ : Online ATNF cataloghttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/916/100https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/916/100http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/916/100https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/916/100https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/916/100http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/916/100GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/916/100/table5 (Up-to-date list of 417 neutron stars with measured proper motions in RA and DEC)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/916/100/table5?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/916/100/table5?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/916/100/table5?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true3.57395833333347.7759444444440.0055555555555555566/314 426 653 1199 1470 1676 1684 1760 1788 1949 2411 2787 2874 3018 3157 3162 3302 3367 3598 3614 3616 3633 3681 3731 3736 4163 4227 4352 4403 4750 4831 5955 6051 6262 7047 7049 8068 8121 8277 8458 8946 9040 9232 9401 9459 9719 10050 11287 11371 12153 12259 12405 12500 12526 12539 12871 12875 12906 12939 12958 12975 13018 13035 13053 13065 13152 13218 13287 13291 13305 13363 13405 13449 13464-13465 13719 13750 13921 14078 14122 14219 14268 14273 14301 14305 14309 14321 14330 14346 14357 14366 14375 14401 14403 14413 14415 14423 14429 14450 14454 14545 14549 14621 14649 14692 14842 14924 15030 15304 15365 15377 15396 15499 15679 15751 15980 16901 16996 17247 17341 17378 17450 17532 17955 18153 18830 18947 18985 19025 19249 19419 19535 19994 20078 20166 20552 20574 20896 21016 21171 21455 21504 21868 21957 22154 22255 22314 23258 23380 23664 23727 23830 23952 23994 24040 24183 24185-24186 24193 24460 25065 25251 25732 25763 25795 26203 26555 26824 26996 27223 27543 27554 28019 28135 28226 28350 28692 28732 28749 28751 28807 28825 28829-28830 28838 28846 28849 28870 28872 28881 28890 28892 28894 28914 28919 28924 28945 28970 29082 29090-29091 29097 29108 29157 29162 29180 29208 29213 29261 29287 29334 29340 29369 29387 29402 29466 29505 29521 29524 29530 29534 29550 29575 29593 29617 29625 29653 29727 29789 29831 29863 29920 29929 30071 30193 30219 30246 30252 30257 30269 30298 30300 30309 30328 30334 30417 30421 30428 30501 30566 30594 30601 30603 30607 30617 30619 30630 30653 30657 30691 30696 30700 30702 30708-30709 30794 30871 30941 30968 31031 31101 31228 31244 31311 31417 31623 31809 31829 31871 31902 31933 31976 32018 32048 32086 32116 32160 32459 33030 33294 33321 33457 33730 34034 34242 35229 35691 36540 37161 37183 37207 37435 37701 37940 37967 37990 38081 38133 38250 38756 39004 39216 39235 39266 39280 39342 39784 39789 39825 39977 39996 40366 40432 40667 40680 41212-41213 41217 41258 41365 41561 41654 41736 41799 41814 41819 41823 41937 41964 42176 42250 42288 42306 42332 42356 42366 42456 42471 42487 42503 42510 42515 42592 42595 42676 42812 42916 42955 43012 43060 43110 43144 43261 43314 43319 43330 43544 44088 44308 44356 45618 45771 45897 46237 46787 47168 47306 47741 47824 47975 48080 48193 48882 48928 49053 49129https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/916/100?format=asciiOpticalRadiodefaultJ/ApJ/916/100/table5Up-to-date list of 417 neutron stars with measured proper motions in RA and DECrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintJNameObject name based on J2000 coordinatesmeta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.maine_RAJ2000[1e-7/0.8] Uncertainty in RAssstat.error;pos.eq.radoubleDEJ2000Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.maine_DEJ2000[7e-6/83] Uncertainty in DEsarcsecstat.error;pos.eq.decdoublepmRA[-207/326.6] Proper motion, right ascensionmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.radoublee_pmRA[0/72] Uncertainty in pmRAmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharPlx[-1/6.42]? Parallaxmaspos.parallaxfloatnullablepmDE[-262/367] Proper motion, declinationmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decdoublee_pmDE[0/220] Uncertainty in pmDEmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloate_Plx[0.01/3]? Uncertainty in Plxmasstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatnullableEpoch[40706/58137]? Position epoch (MJD)dtime.epochdoublenullableP0[0.0015/10.32]? Spin periodstime.perioddoublenullablee_P0Uncertainty in P0sstat.errorcharP1Spin-period derivative, s/stime.periodchare_P1Uncertainty in P1, s/sstat.errorcharDM[2.38/1778.0]? Dispersion measurepc.cm**-3phys.dispMeasure;instr.dispersiondoublenullablee_DM[0.0/50.0]? Uncertainty in DMpc.cm**-3stat.errordoublenullableDist[0.09/58.73]? Heliocentric distance, from DM (1)kpcpos.distancefloatnullablef_DistFlag on Dist (2)meta.codecharClassClass/Association (3)src.classcharRefReference (4)meta.ref;pos.framechar