J/ApJ/912/52ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/912/52doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19120052CDSGull M.Frebel A.Hinojosa K.Roederer I.U.Ji A.P.Brauer K.2022-12-05T13:58:43Z2022-11-23T10:11:37ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frchemical-abundancesline-intensitiesradial-velocityvisible-astronomyspectroscopychemically-peculiar-starshalo-starsmilky-way-galaxyWe present high-resolution Magellan/MIKE spectra of 22 bright (9<V<13.5) metal-poor stars (-3.18<[Fe/H]{<}-1.37) in three different stellar streams, the Helmi debris stream, the Helmi trail stream, and the {omega} Centauri progenitor stream. We augment our Helmi debris sample with results for 10 stars by Roederer+ (2010, J/ApJ/711/573) for a total of 32 stars. Detailed chemical abundances of light elements as well as heavy neutron-capture elements have been determined for our 22 stars. All three streams contain carbon-enhanced stars. For 13 stars, neutron-capture element lines were detectable, and they all show signatures in agreement with the scaled solar r-process pattern, albeit with a large spread of -0.5<[Eu/Fe]<+1.3. Eight of these stars show an additional small s-process contribution superposed onto their r-process pattern. This could be discerned because of the relatively high signal-to-noise ratio of the spectra given that the stars are close by in the halo. Our results suggest that the progenitors of these streams experienced one or more r-process events early on, such as a neutron star merger or another prolific r-process source. This widely enriched these host systems before their accretion by the Milky Way. The small s-process contribution suggests the presence of asymptotic giant branch stars and associated local (inhomogeneous) enrichment as part of the ongoing chemical evolution by low-mass stars. Stars in stellar streams may thus be a promising avenue for studying the detailed history of large dwarf galaxies and their role in halo assembly with easily accessible targets for high-quality spectra of many stars.2021ApJ...912...52Ghttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/912/52CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)J/A+A/350/955 : Atmospheric param. in metal-poor stars. II (Gratton+, 1999)J/ApJ/530/783 : The r-process enriched giant HD 115444 (Westin+, 2000)J/ApJ/612/447 : Draco 119 and HD 88609 equivalent widths (Fulbright+, 2004)J/ApJ/652/1585 : Bright metal-poor stars from HES survey (Frebel+, 2006)J/ApJ/645/613 : Abundances of HD 221170 (Ivans+, 2006)J/ApJ/655/492 : Equivalent widths of 26 metal-poor stars (Aoki+, 2007)J/ApJ/658/1203 : Nitrogen-enhanced metal-poor stars (Johnson+, 2007)J/AJ/134/1579 : Halo stars in solar neighborhood (Kepley+, 2007)J/ApJ/679/1549 : Sp. of metal-poor star CS 17435-00532 (Roederer+, 2008)J/A+A/505/139 : Abundances of red giants in 17 GCs (Carretta+, 2009)J/A+A/505/117 : Abundances of red giants in 15 GCs (Carretta+, 2009)J/ApJ/701/1053 : Abundances of 8 stars in the Draco dSph (Cohen+, 2009)J/ApJ/698/865 : Halo streams in the SDSS-DR7 (Klement+, 2009)J/ApJS/182/80 : Rare earth abundances (Sneden+, 2009)J/A+A/520/A95 : Abundances of red giants in M54 & Sgr dSph (Carretta+, 2010)J/ApJ/719/931 : Chemical evolution of the UMi dSph (Cohen+, 2010)J/AN/331/474 : Abundances of metal-poor stars (Frebel, 2010)J/ApJ/708/560 : Spectroscopy of UMa II and Coma Ber (Frebel+, 2010)J/ApJ/722/1373 : {omega} Centauri giants abundances (Johnson+, 2010)J/MNRAS/403/1413 : Updated stellar yields from AGB models (Karakas, 2010)J/A+A/516/A46 : HE 2327-5642 abundance analysis (Mashonkina+, 2010)J/ApJ/711/573 : Detailed abund. in a halo stellar stream (Roederer+, 2010)J/ApJ/731/64 : Spectroscopy of 300 RGBs in {omega} Cen (Marino+, 2011)J/A+A/534/A53 : EWs of 18 subgiant of {omega} Cen (Pancino+, 2011)J/AJ/141/175 : Abundances in M15 RGB/RHB stars (Sobeck+, 2011)J/AJ/144/168 : Spectroscopy of Scl 1019417 and UMi 20103 (Kirby+, 2012)J/AJ/144/4 : Dwarf galaxies in the Local Group (McConnachie+, 2012)J/ApJ/751/102 : Equivalent widths of 9 RGB in Carina dSph (Venn+, 2012)J/ApJ/769/57 : Equivalent widths of metal-poor stars (Frebel+, 2013)J/ApJ/779/102 : Metallicities of RGB stars in dwarf galaxies (Kirby+, 2013)J/ApJ/762/26 : Most metal-poor stars. II. Galactic halo stars (Yong+, 2013)J/ApJ/794/58 : Metal-poor stars in the thick disk of the MW (Beers+, 2014)J/ApJS/215/23 : FeI radiative lifetimes (Den Hartog+, 2014)J/A+A/569/A43 : HE 2252-4225 abundance analysis (Mashonkina+, 2014)J/ApJ/797/21 : Carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars (Placco+, 2014)J/MNRAS/441/3127 : FeI oscillator strengths for Gaia-ESO (Ruffoni+, 2014)J/ApJS/214/26 : Line lists for CN isotopes transitions (Sneden+, 2014)J/ApJ/805/189 : Highly likely members of the Sgr stream (Hyde+, 2015)J/ApJ/807/171 : SkyMapper Survey metal-poor star sp. (Jacobson+, 2015)J/ApJ/802/93 : Abundance analysis of 5 stars in Sculptor (Simon+, 2015)J/ApJ/817/41 : Abundances of 4 metal-poor red giants in BooII (Ji+, 2016)J/AJ/151/82 : 4 brightest red giants in Ret 2 (Roederer+, 2016)J/ApJ/817/53 : Fe-group elemental abundances in HD84937 (Sneden+, 2016)J/ApJ/835/81 : Bright metal-poor stars from HES Survey. II. (Beers+, 2017)J/ApJ/844/164 : HST astro-phot. analysis of NGC5139. III. (Bellini+, 2017)J/ApJ/838/44 : Abund. of the brightest member of Tuc III (Hansen+, 2017)J/A+A/607/A91 : CS 29497-004 abundances (Hill+, 2017)J/ApJS/230/28 : The populations of Carina. II. Abundances (Norris+, 2017)J/ApJ/856/142 : Abundances of metal-poor stars in Sculptor (Chiti+, 2018)J/ApJ/862/174 : Spectroscopy obs. of RAVE J094921.8-161722 (Gull+, 2018)J/AJ/156/179 : r-process-enhanced field stars kinematics (Roederer+, 2018)J/ApJ/882/177 : Abundances of 4 member stars of Tucana III (Marshall+, 2019)J/ApJ/883/84 : MIKE obs. of 2 stars in Sylgr stream (Roederer+, 2019)J/ApJ/874/148 : RAVE J093730.5-062655 abundances (Sakari+, 2019)J/ApJ/890/119 : Iron abundances in 3 very metal-poor stars (Cowan+, 2020)J/AJ/160/181 : Chemical abundances in red giants with Magellan (Ji+, 2020)J/ApJ/889/27 : Abundances of 11 stars in Carina II and III (Ji+, 2020)J/AJ/159/254 : Metal-poor stars in NGC5139 (Johnson+, 2020)J/ApJ/900/106 : Vanadium abundances for 255 metal-poor stars (Ou+, 2020)J/other/Nat/583.768 : 2050 red giants CaII EWs (Wan+, 2020)J/ApJ/891/39 : LAMOST DR3 metal-poor stars of the Gal. halo (Yuan+, 2020)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/912/52https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/912/52http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/912/52https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/912/52https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/912/52http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/912/52GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/912/52/table6 (Ba, Eu, and C abundances and r-process classifications)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/912/52/table6?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/912/52/table6?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/912/52/table6?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true339.334885-47.69374810.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/912/52/table1 (Observing details)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/912/52/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/912/52/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/912/52/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true268.156667-69.0288890.0055555555555555566/7456 9065 10404 16115 16433 16784 16815 17570 17579 17977 19000 23220 24687 26003 26534 26589 26933 34029 34251 34955 35519 35875 40222 41285 44208 46095 46195 46309 46399 46446 46510 46532 46699https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/912/52?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/912/52/table6Ba, Eu, and C abundances and r-process classificationsSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStreamStream identifiermeta.id.parentcharNameStar identifier (G1)meta.id;meta.maincharprimaryObsDisplay the observing details and HRV (link to Table 1)meta.ref.urlchar[Fe/H][-3.36/-1.37] Log of Fe/H abundanceSunphys.abund.Fefloatl_[Eu/Fe]Limit flag on [Eu/Fe]meta.code.error;phys.abundchar[Eu/Fe][-0.46/1.91] Log of Eu/Fe abundanceSunphys.abundfloatl_[Ba/Fe]Limit flag on [Ba/Fe]meta.code.error;phys.abundchar[Ba/Fe][-1.74/0.76] Log of Ba/Fe abundanceSunphys.abundfloatl_[Ba/Eu]Limit flag on [Ba/Eu]meta.code.errorchar[Ba/Eu][-1.7/0.37]? Log of Ba/Eu abundance (1)Sunphys.abundfloatnullablel_[C/Fe]cLimit flag on [C/Fe]cmeta.code.error;phys.abundchar[C/Fe]c[-0.72/1.72] lof of C/Fe corrected abundancephys.abundfloatClassr-process classificationsrc.classcharR10R10 = also in Roederer+, 2010, J/ApJ/711/573meta.codecharCommComment (2)meta.notecharF06Display data from Frebel+, 2006, J/ApJ/652/1585 within 10"meta.ref.urlintnullable_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/912/52/table1Observing detailsSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStreamStream identifiermeta.id.parentcharNameStar identifier (G1)meta.id;meta.maincharn_NameNote on HE1120-0153 (added by CDS) (1)meta.notecharRAJ2000Hour of right ascension (J2000) (2)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of declination (J2000) (2)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainDateDate of observation (UT)time.epochnullableSlit[0.7/1] Slitarcsecinstr.setupfloatTexp[3/30] Exposure timemintime.duration;obs.exposureintVmag[8.02/13.51] V magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.VfloatB-V[0.37/1.16] B-V color indexmagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.VfloatS/N4500[30/350] Signal to noise 4500{AA} ratiostat.snrintS/N6000[40/500] Signal to noise 6000{AA} ratiostat.snrintHRV[-373/387.7] Heliocentric-corrected radial velocity (3)km/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatB17Display data from Beers+, 2017, J/ApJ/835/81 (Tables 1-3, 5, 6) within 15"meta.ref.urlintnullableANumber of abundance measurements for this star (link to Table 5)meta.numberintnullableEWsDisplay the EWs for this star (link to Table 2)meta.ref.urlcharJ/ApJ/912/52/table2Equivalent width measurementsHE0048-1109[1/136]? Measured equivalent width for E0048-11090.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableHE0324-0122[3.9/240]? Measured equivalent width for HE0324-01220.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableBM056[0/229]? Measured equivalent width for BM0560.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableBM121[3.7/291]? Measured equivalent width for BM1210.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableHE0007-1752[2/206]? Measured equivalent width for HE0007-17520.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableHE0039-0216[1.6/123]? Measured equivalent width for HE0039-02160.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSpAtomic speciesphys.atmol.ionStagecharlambda[3383.76/8824.22] Rest wavelength0.1nmem.wlfloatchi[0/5.1]? Excitation potentialeVphys.atmol.excitationfloatnullableloggf[0/0.8]? Log statistical weight*oscillator strengthstat.weight;phys.atmol.oscStrengthdoublenullableBM235[4/262]? Measured equivalent width for BM2350.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableHE0033-2141[5/179]? Measured equivalent width for HE0033-21410.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableHE0050-0918[4.8/367]? Measured equivalent width for HE0050-09180.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableHE1210-2729[3.5/204]? Measured equivalent width for HE2234-47570.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableHE2234-4757[4/245.2]? Measured equivalent width for HE2234-47570.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableBM028[3/276.3]? Measured equivalent width for BM0280.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableBM201[3/258]? Measured equivalent width for BM2010.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableBM308[2/273]? Measured equivalent width for BM3080.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableHE0012-5643[1.9/91]? Measured equivalent width for HE0012-56430.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableHE0017-3646[3.7/196]? Measured equivalent width for HE0017-36460.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableHE0429-4620[2/226.1]? Measured equivalent width for HE0429-46200.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableHE1401-0010[1/128.4]? Measured equivalent width for HE1401-00100.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableHE2138-0314[2/133]? Measured equivalent width for HE2138-03140.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableHE2315-4306[3.8/248.4]? Measured equivalent width for HE2315-43060.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableHE2319-5228[3/233]? Measured equivalent width for HE2319-52280.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableHE2322-6125[6.6/220]? Measured equivalent width for HE2322-61250.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableJ/ApJ/912/52/table5AbundancesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintLoc[1/3] Location (1)meta.codeintNameStellar identifier (G1)meta.id;meta.maincharSpSpecies identifierphys.atmol.ionStagecharl_logAbdLimit flag on logAbdmeta.code.errorcharlogAbd[-2.95/7.8]? log number abundancephys.abundfloatnullablel_[X/H]Limit flag on [X/H]meta.code.error;phys.abundchar[X/H][-4.1/-0.46]? log abundance relative to hydrogenphys.abund;arith.zpfloatnullablel_[X/Fe]Limit flag on [X/Fe]meta.code.error;phys.abundchar[X/Fe][-1.21/2.6]? log abundance relative to iron (2)phys.abundfloatnullableN[1/291]? Number of lines use to derived abundances (3)meta.numberintnullablesigma[0.06/0.3]? Uncertainty in the abundances (3)stat.error;phys.abundfloatnullable