J/ApJ/911/81ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/911/81doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19110081CDSDevaraj R.Clemens D.P.Dewangan L.K.Luna A.Ray T.P.Mackey J.2022-11-16T06:20:03Z2022-11-09T11:30:37ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frh-ii-regionspolarimetryinfrared-photometryextinctionstellar-distancestar-forming-regionsMagnetic fields are ubiquitous and essential in star formation. In particular, their role in regulating formation of stars across diverse environments like HII regions needs to be well understood. In this study, we present magnetic field properties toward the S235 complex using near-infrared (NIR) H-band polarimetric observations, obtained with the Mimir and POLICAN instruments. We selected 375 background stars in the field through combination of Gaia distances and extinctions from NIR colors. The plane-of-sky (POS) magnetic field orientations inferred from starlight polarization angles reveal a curved morphology tracing the spherical shell of the HII region. The large-scale magnetic field traced by Planck is parallel to the Galactic plane. We identified 11 dense clumps using 1.1mm dust emission, with masses between 33 and 525M_{sun}_. The clump-averaged POS magnetic field strengths were estimated to be between 36 and 121{mu}G, with a mean of ~65{mu}G. The mass-to-flux ratios for the clumps are found to be subcritical with turbulent Alfven Mach numbers less than 1, indicating a strongly magnetized region. The clumps show scaling of magnetic field strength versus density with a power-law index of 0.52+/-0.07, similar to ambipolar diffusion models. Our results indicate that the S235 complex is a region where stellar feedback triggers new stars, and the magnetic fields regulate the rate of new star formation.2021ApJ...911...81Dhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/911/81CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toVII/20 : Catalogue of HII Regions (Sharpless 1959)II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)VII/233 : The 2MASS Extended sources (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)II/319 : UKIDSS-DR9 LAS, GCS and DXS Surveys (Lawrence+ 2012)I/347 : Distances to 1.33 billion stars in Gaia DR2 (Bailer-Jones+, 2018)I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)J/ApJ/649/759 : Bubbles in the galactic disk (Churchwell+, 2006)J/ApJ/638/293 : 1.1mm sources in the Perseus Molecular Cloud (Enoch+, 2006)J/A+A/453/911 : VLA and IR observations of the S235A-B region (Felli+, 2006)J/ApJ/653/383 : SCUBA obs. in Orion A South region (Johnstone+, 2006)J/A+A/487/993 : MAMBO Mapping of c2d Clouds and Cores (Kauffmann+, 2008)J/ApJ/721/137 : The Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey (BGPS) (Bally+, 2010)J/ApJS/188/123 : The Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey. II. (Rosolowsky+, 2010)J/ApJ/741/21 : Polarization of stars in Taurus (Chapman+, 2011)J/MNRAS/414/1526 : Near-IR photometry of Sh 2-235 (Dewangan+, 2011)J/ApJ/741/110 : The BGPS. VII. Massive star-forming regions (Dunham+, 2011)J/A+A/530/A118 : G29.96-0.02 and G35.20-1.74 1mm and 3mm maps (Pillai+, 2011)J/ApJ/759/48 : YSOs in the Galactic HII region Sh2-297 (Mallick+, 2012)J/ApJS/208/14 : BGPS. IX. Data release 2. (Ginsburg+, 2013)J/A+A/569/L1 : Polarization hole in a starless core (Alves+, 2014)J/ApJ/793/126 : L204 - Cloud 3 polarimetry and photometry (Cashman+, 2014)J/MNRAS/439/3719 : Embedded clusters infrared photometry (Chavarria+, 2014)J/ApJ/783/1 : VRI and H polarization toward Sh 2-29 (Santos+, 2014)J/ApJ/838/80 : JHK polarimetry of stars behind bubble N4 (Chen+, 2017)J/ApJ/836/199 : IRDC G028.23-00.19 NIR polarimetry analysis (Hoq+, 2017)J/ApJ/849/157 : Polarimetry toward IC5146 background stars (Wang+, 2017)J/ApJ/867/79 : NIR obs. of GF 9/LDN 1082C field stars (Clemens+, 2018)J/ApJS/249/23 : Galactic Plane IR Polarization Survey, DR4 (Clemens+, 2020)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/911/81https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/911/81http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/911/81https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/911/81https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/911/81http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/911/81GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/911/81/table1 (Polarimetric properties of the 623 stars in the S235 complex)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/911/81/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/911/81/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/911/81/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true85.1048819435.909001940.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/911/81/table3 (Polarimetric and photometric properties of the 375 foreground-corrected embedded and background stars in the S235 complex)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/911/81/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/911/81/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/911/81/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true85.1048819435.909001940.0055555555555555566/245548.650015785639275e-20 1.692669228152603e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/911/81?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/911/81/table1Polarimetric properties of the 623 stars in the S235 complexrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1/623] Star sequential identifiermeta.id;meta.mainintRAJ2000[85.1/85.41] Right Ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[35.6/35.95] Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainHmag[9.18/16.06] Mimir or POLICAN H-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloate_Hmag[0/0.08] Uncertainty in Hmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatPol[0.2/9.75] debiased Polarization, percent%phys.polarizationfloate_Pol[0.078/3] Uncertainty in Pol%stat.errorfloatPA[1.1/179.8] Equatorial Position Angledegpos.posAng;phys.polarizationfloate_PA[0.97/32] Uncertainty in PAdegstat.errorfloatQ[-8.85/9.64] equatorial Stokes Q, percent%phys.polarization.stokes;arith.ratiofloate_Q[0.047/3.1] Uncertainty in Q%stat.errorfloatU[-9.54/9.5] equatorial Stokes U, percent%phys.polarization.stokes;arith.ratiofloate_U[0.048/3] Uncertainty in U%stat.error;pos.cartesian.xfloatJ/ApJ/911/81/table3Polarimetric and photometric properties of the 375 foreground-corrected embedded and background stars in the S235 complexrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1/375] Star sequential identifier (does not match Table 1)meta.id;meta.mainintRAJ2000[85.1/85.41] Right Ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[35.6/35.95] Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainPol[0.04/9.71] Debiased Polarization, percent%phys.polarizationfloate_Pol[0.08/3] Uncertainty in Pol%stat.errorfloatPA[1/179] Equatorial Position Angledegpos.posAng;phys.polarizationfloate_PA[0.98/32] Uncertainty in PAdegstat.errorfloatQ[-9.03/9.44] Equatorial Stokes Q, percent%phys.polarization.stokes;arith.ratiofloate_Q[0.08/3.04] Uncertainty in Q%stat.errorfloatU[-8.69/5.18] Equatorial Stokes U, percent%phys.polarization.stokes;arith.ratiofloate_U[0.08/3] Uncertainty in U%stat.error;pos.cartesian.xfloatJmag[10.58/20.14] 2MASS or UKIDSS J-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloate_Jmag[0.003/0.24] Uncertainty in Jmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatHmag[10.11/16.95] 2MASS or UKIDSS H-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloate_Hmag[0.002/0.12] Uncertainty in Hmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatKsmag[9.82/15.53] 2MASS or UKIDSS Ks-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloate_Ksmag[0.002/0.13] Uncertainty in Ksmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatAv[-1.13/25.63] Visual extinctionmagphys.absorptionfloate_Av[0.03/3] Uncertainty in Avmagstat.errorfloatrest[1508/5496]? Estimated distance from Bailer-Jones+ 2018, I/347pcpos.distancefloatnullableb_rest[531/3732]? Lower bound on restpcpos.distance;stat.minfloatnullableB_rest[1750/7997]? Upper bound on restpcpos.distance;stat.maxfloatnullableUKIDSSDisplay the UKIDSS-DR6 data (II/316) within 0.5"meta.ref.urlchar2MDisplay the 2MASS data (II/246) within 0.5"meta.ref.urlchar