J/ApJ/905/94ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/905/94doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19050094CDSVillar V.A.Hosseinzadeh G.Berger E.Ntampaka M.Jones D.O.,Challis P.Chornock R.Drout M.R.Foley R.J.Kirshner R.P.Lunnan R.,Margutti R.Milisavljevic D.Sanders N.Pan Y.-C.Rest A.,Scolnic D.M.Magnier E.Metcalfe N.Wainscoat R.Waters C.2022-09-05T13:42:05Z2022-08-05T08:05:19ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frsupernovaeredshiftedstellar-spectral-typesphotometryvisible-astronomyspectroscopyAutomated classification of supernovae (SNe) based on optical photometric light-curve information is essential in the upcoming era of wide-field time domain surveys, such as the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) conducted by the Rubin Observatory. Photometric classification can enable real-time identification of interesting events for extended multiwavelength follow-up, as well as archival population studies. Here we present the complete sample of 5243 "SN-like" light curves (in gP1rP1iP1zP1) from the Pan-STARRS1 Medium-Deep Survey (PS1-MDS). The PS1-MDS is similar to the planned LSST Wide-Fast-Deep survey in terms of cadence, filters, and depth, making this a useful training set for the community. Using this data set, we train a novel semisupervised machine learning algorithm to photometrically classify 2315 new SN-like light curves with host galaxy spectroscopic redshifts. Our algorithm consists of an RF supervised classification step and a novel unsupervised step in which we introduce a recurrent autoencoder neural network (RAENN). Our final pipeline, dubbed SuperRAENN, has an accuracy of 87% across five SN classes (Type Ia, Ibc, II, IIn, SLSN-I) and macro-averaged purity and completeness of 66% and 69%, respectively. We find the highest accuracy rates for SNe Ia and SLSNe and the lowest for SNe Ibc. Our complete spectroscopically and photometrically classified samples break down into 62.0% Type Ia (1839 objects), 19.8% Type II (553 objects), 4.8% Type IIn (136 objects), 11.7% Type Ibc (291 objects), and 1.6% Type I SLSNe (54 objects).2020ApJ...905...94Vhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/905/94CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toIII/250 : The VIMOS VLT deep survey (VVDS-DEEP) (Le Fevre+ 2005)VII/259 : 6dF galaxy survey final redshift release (Jones+, 2009)II/349 : The Pan-STARRS release 1 (PS1) Survey - DR1 (Chambers+, 2016)J/ApJS/78/1 : Galaxies in 7 clusters 0.35<z<0.55 (Dressler+, 1992)J/ApJS/155/271 : Chandra Deep Field-South: Opt. spectroscopy (Szokoly+, 2004)J/MNRAS/372/425 : 2dF-SDSS Luminous Red Galaxy Survey, 2SLAQ (Cannon+, 2006)J/AJ/132/2409 : Deep ATLAS radio observations of CDFS (Norris+, 2006)J/A+A/474/473 : XMM-LSS survey: AGN classifications (Garcet+, 2007)J/ApJS/172/70 : zCOSMOS-bright catalog (Lilly+, 2007)J/A+A/467/73 : 3{sigma} hard sample of XMDS survey (Tajer+, 2007)J/A+A/477/717 : Spectroscopy of Type Ia supernovae (Bronder+, 2008)J/MNRAS/387/1323 : SDSS photometry of luminous red galaxies (Ross+, 2008)J/A+A/495/53 : Physical properties of VVDS galaxies (Lamareille+, 2009)J/ApJS/184/218 : The zCOSMOS 10k-bright spectroscopic sample (Lilly+, 2009)J/ApJS/182/625 : WIYN spectroscopy in the deep SWIRE field (Owen+, 2009)J/ApJ/696/1195 : COSMOS AGN spectroscopic survey. I. (Trump+, 2009)J/A+A/512/A12 : VLT/VIMOS spectroscopy in GOODS-S field (Balestra+, 2010)J/ApJ/711/928 : Low-redshift Ly{alpha} galaxies from GALEX (Cowie+, 2010)J/MNRAS/401/1429 : WiggleZ dark energy survey (DR1) (Drinkwater+, 2010)J/MNRAS/405/2302 : Improved redshifts for SDSS quasar spectra (Hewett+, 2010)J/MNRAS/401/294 : Optical identification of XMM-LSS sources (Stalin+, 2010)J/A+A/529/A135 : AGN Opt/IR properties in Lockman Hole (Rovilos+, 2011)J/ApJ/738/162 : SN Ia candidates from the SDSS-II SN Survey (Sako+, 2011)J/MNRAS/422/25 : SDSS DR7 groups, clusters and filaments (Smith+, 2012)J/ApJ/750/99 : The Pan-STARRS1 photometric system (Tonry+, 2012)J/ApJ/769/39 : SN Ibn PS1-12sk optical & NIR light curves (Sanders+, 2013)J/ApJ/794/23 : Pan-STARRS1 transients optical photometry (Drout+, 2014)J/MNRAS/441/1802 : Low-redshift QSOs in SDSS Stripe 82 (Karhunen+, 2014)J/ApJ/795/44 : PS1 SNe Ia (0.02<z<0.7) griz light curves (Rest+, 2014)J/ApJ/799/208 : Type IIP supernovae from Pan-STARRS1 (Sanders+, 2015)J/ApJ/807/178 : Rich galaxy clusters identified in SDSS-DR12 (Wen+, 2015)J/ApJ/837/120 : Lick Observatory SN Search (LOSS) revisited (Graur+, 2017)J/ApJ/857/51 : Dark energy properties with PS1 SNe. II. (Jones+, 2018)J/ApJ/852/81 : 17 PS1 superluminous SNe LCs + classif. sp. (Lunnan+, 2018)J/A+A/611/A97 : Phot. quasar candidates in Stripe 82 (Pasquet-Itam+, 2018)J/ApJ/859/101 : The supernovae Ia Pantheon sample (Scolnic+, 2018)J/ApJ/895/32 : Zwicky Transient Facility BTS. I. (Fremling+, 2020)J/ApJ/905/93 : Classif. of PS1-MDS SNe with Superphot (Hosseinzadeh+, 2020)http://outerspace.stsci.edu/display/PANSTARRS/ : Pan-STARRS1 home pagehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/905/94https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/905/94http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/905/94https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/905/94https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/905/94http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/905/94GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/905/94/table1 (Supernovae (SNe) properties)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/905/94/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/905/94/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/905/94/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true333.95031.18480.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/905/94/table3 (Rare transients classification)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/905/94/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/905/94/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/905/94/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true242.367953.67320.0055555555555555565/1517 1519 1623 1628-1629 2538-2539 2744-2745 2856 2880 4422-4423 4696-4697 4758-4759 6811 6814 8983 8989 6/6047 6073 6075 6090 6112 6114 6120 6491 6521 6524 7178 7200 10146-10147 10150-10151 10741 10743 10749 10933 10935 10941 10955 10958-10959 10984-10985 10992 11402-11403 11406 11428 11430 11432-11434 11436 11524 17682-17683 17686-17687 17713 17716-17717 18762-18763 18766-18767 18793 18796-18797 19025-19027 19030-19031 19057 19060 27239 27250-27251 27262 27333 27344-27345 27348 35931 35953 36104 36106-36107 36128-36130https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/905/94?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/905/94/table1Supernovae (SNe) propertiesNameObject Namemeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRareDisplay the rare transient classification (link to Table 3)meta.ref.urlintnullablePScIDPan-STARRS1 Medium-Deep Survey (PS1-MDS) transient identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryIAUIAU Namemeta.idcharCBETCBET ADS bibcode(s)meta.bib.bibcodecharRAJ2000[34.3/354] SN Right Ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[-29.4/59.7] SN Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainE(B-V)[0.0034/0.14] Milky Way reddeningmagphot.color.excessfloatTypeSN Typesrc.spTypecharz[0/2.77]? Redshift estimate from either the transient spectra or host galaxy spectrasrc.redshiftdoublenullableRAHdeg? Host Right Ascension, decimal degree (J2000)degpos.eq.ranullableDEHdeg? Host Declination, decimal degree (J2000)degpos.eq.decnullableNpt[0/206] Number of >5{sigma} datapoints in light curvemeta.numberintTelTelescope or source (ADS bibcode) used to acquire galaxy or SN spectra (1)meta.id;instr.telcharuSupIncluded in unsupervised training setmeta.codecharSupIncluded in supervised training setmeta.codecharClassDisplay the classification probabilities for this SN (link to Table 2)meta.ref.urlcharJ18Display data from Jones+ 2018, J/ApJ/857/51 within 3"meta.ref.urlintnullableJ/ApJ/905/94/table2SNe classificationpIIn[0/1] Probability, Type IInstat.fit.goodnessfloatPScIDPS1-MDS Transient Identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharE_pII[0/0.21] Lower uncertainty on pIIstat.error;stat.maxfloate_pIIn[0/0.26] Lower uncertainty on pIInstat.errorfloatE_pIIn[0/0.3] Lower uncertainty on pIInstat.error;stat.maxfloatpIa[0/1] Probability, Type Ia SNstat.fit.goodnessfloate_pIa[0/0.26] Lower uncertainty on pIastat.errorfloatE_pIa[0/0.23] Lower uncertainty on pIastat.error;stat.maxfloatpIbc[0/1] Probability, Type Ibcstat.fit.goodnessfloate_pIbc[0/0.22] Lower uncertainty on pIbcstat.errorfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintpSLSN[0/1] Probability, SLSNstat.fit.goodnessfloate_pSLSN[0/0.22] Lower uncertainty on pSLSNstat.errorfloatE_pSLSN[0/0.3] Lower uncertainty on pSLSNstat.error;stat.maxfloatpII[0/1] Probability, Type IIstat.fit.goodnessfloate_pII[0/0.24] Lower uncertainty on pIIstat.errorfloatE_pIbc[0/0.23] Lower uncertainty on pIbcstat.error;stat.maxfloatJ/ApJ/905/94/table3Rare transients classificationNameObject namemeta.idcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharPScIDPS1-MDS Transient Identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintClassSpec. Class (FELT=fast-evolving luminous transient, TDE=tidal disruption event)meta.code.classcharr_ClassReference for Classmeta.ref;pos.framecharpSLSN[0/0.88] Probability, Type SLSNstat.fit.goodnessfloatpII[0/0.76] Probability, Type IIstat.fit.goodnessfloatpIIn[0/0.79] Probability, Type IInstat.fit.goodnessfloatpIa[0.02/0.95] Probability, Type Iastat.fit.goodnessfloatpIbc[0.01/0.42] Probability, Type Ibcstat.fit.goodnessfloat_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main