J/ApJ/905/107ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/905/107doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19050107CDSMedina A.A.Winters J.G.Irwin J.M.Charbonneau D.2022-09-30T23:30:14Z2022-08-05T10:10:49ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frstellar-flaresstellar-distanceline-intensitiesvisible-astronomyspectroscopystellar-massesWe present a study of flare rates, rotation periods, and spectroscopic activity indicators of 125 single stars within 15 parsecs and with masses between 0.1 and 0.3M_{sun}_ observed during the first year of the TESS mission, with the goal of elucidating the relationship between these various magnetically connected phenomena. We gathered multiepoch high-resolution spectra of each target, and we measured equivalent widths of the activity indicators helium I D3, H{alpha}, and the calcium infrared triplet line at 8542.09{AA}. We present 18 new rotation periods from MEarth photometry and 19 new rotation periods from TESS photometry. We present a catalog of 1392 flares. After correcting for sensitivity, we find the slope of the flare frequency distribution for all stars to have a standard value of {alpha}=1.98+/-0.02. We determine R_31.5_, the rate of flares per day with energies above E=3.16x10^31^ergs in the TESS bandpass. We find that below a critical value of H{alpha}EW=-0.71{AA}, logR_31.5_ increases linearly with increasing H{alpha} emission; above this value, logR_31.5_ declines rapidly. The stars divide into two groups: 26% have H{alpha} in emission, high flare rates with typical values of logR_31.5_=-1.30+/-0.08, and have Rossby numbers <0.50. The remaining 74% show little to no H{alpha} in emission and exhibit logR_31.5_{<}-3.86, with the majority of these stars not showing a single flare during the TESS observations.2020ApJ...905..107Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/905/107CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)IV/38 : TESS Input Catalog - v8.0 (TIC-8) (Stassun+, 2019)J/AJ/123/3356 : Palomar/MSU nearby star sp. survey. III. (Gizis+, 2002)J/A+A/397/147 : Activity-rotation relationship in stars (Pizzolato+ 2003)J/AJ/128/426 : Subdwarfs in the SDSS (West+, 2004)J/AJ/135/785 : SDSS-DR5 low-mass star spectroscopic sample (West+, 2008)J/ApJ/720/1118 : i-band photometry of HAT-P-16 (Buchhave+, 2010)J/AJ/140/1402 : M dwarf flares from SDSS spectra (Hilton+, 2010)J/ApJ/733/L9 : Stellar rotation for 71 NGC 6811 members (Meibom+, 2011)J/ApJ/743/48 : Stars with rot. periods and X-ray luminosities (Wright+, 2011)J/ApJS/207/15 : M dwarf flare spectra (Kowalski+, 2013)J/ApJ/795/161 : Activity & rotation in Praesepe & the Hyades (Douglas+, 2014)J/ApJ/814/35 : Flare events in M dwarf of M37 (Chang+, 2015)J/ApJ/809/77 : Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) (Sullivan+, 2015)J/ApJ/812/3 : MEarth mid-to-late M dwarfs rot. & kinematics (West+, 2015)J/AJ/152/141 : Solar neighborhood. XXXVII. RVs for M dwarfs (Benedict+, 2016)J/ApJ/829/23 : Stellar flares from Q0-Q17 Kepler LCs (Davenport, 2016)J/ApJ/822/47 : K2 rotation periods for 65 Hyades members (Douglas+, 2016)J/ApJ/821/93 : Rotation & Galactic kinematics of mid M dwarfs (Newton+, 2016)J/AJ/152/113 : Pleiades members with K2 LCs. I. Periods (Rebull+, 2016)J/ApJ/834/85 : H{alpha} emission in nearby M dwarfs (Newton+, 2017)J/ApJ/839/92 : Praesepe members with K2 light curve data (Rebull+, 2017)J/A+A/618/A142 : Radial velocity for GJ 1132 (Bonfils+, 2018)J/AJ/156/217 : Stellar data for M dwarfs in MEarth-South (Newton+, 2018)J/ApJ/881/9 : EvryFlare. I. Stars's flares in southern sky (Howard+, 2019)J/A+A/622/A133 : M45, M44 and M67 flare stars (Ilin+, 2019)J/AJ/159/60 : 8695 flares from 1228 stars in TESS (Gunther+, 2020)J/AJ/161/63 : M dwarfs with 0.1<~M_{sun}_<~0.3 within 15pc (Winters+, 2021)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/905/107https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/905/107http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/905/107https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/905/107https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/905/107http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/905/107GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/905/107/table1 (Stellar properties, equivalent widths, and flare rate)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/905/107/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/905/107/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/905/107/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true7.8975833-5.87022220.0055555555555555566/22 105 16754 16758 16847 17412 17712 17943 17954 20507 20923 21151 21480 21737 21838 22014 22336 22645 22719 23047 23293 23391 23443 23564 23718 23735 23753 24616 24797 24843 24995 25009 25021 25091 25261 25300 27273 33016 33088 33435 33495 33533 33579 33630 33909 33964 34005 34377 34448 34568 34708 35113 35247 35355 35520 35670 35761 35841 35969 36088 36658 36701 36842 36871 36941 36971 37122 37257 37302 37332 37519 37602 37865 38113 38464 38566 38601 38646 39331 39350 39439 39585 39784 40224 40386-40387 40435 40505 41324 41516 41540 41591 42054 42346 42528 42721 42761 43149 43155 43444 43580 43723 43851 43867 44001 44147 44696 45076 45102 45213 45344 45372 45377 45513 45626 46463 46718 46736 46750 47061 47251 47347 47677 47912 48173https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/905/107?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/905/107/table1Stellar properties, equivalent widths, and flare rateSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableNameStar namemeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTIC[3127674/471012790] TIC identifiermeta.id;meta.mainlongprimaryRAJ2000Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainMstar[0.1/0.31] Stellar masssolMassphys.massfloatDist[1.3/15] Distancepcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloatProt[0.17/180.11]? Rotation perioddtime.periodfloatnullableAmp[0.00098/0.042]? Semi-amplitude of variabilitymagsrc.var.amplitudedoublenullablee_Amp[0.00012/0.0095]? Uncertainty in Ampmagstat.errordoublenullabler_Prot[1/6]? Reference for Prot (1)meta.ref;pos.frameintnullableRo[0.0009/1.58]? Rossby Number (Prot/{tau})stat.paramfloatnullableTmag[7.49/13.34] TESS Magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloatEWHa[-11.1/0.7] Equivalent width, H{alpha}0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloate_EWHa[0/1.4] Uncertainty in EWHa0.1nmstat.errorfloatEWCaII[-0.2/0.8] Equivalent width, Calcium II triplet, 8542.1{AA}0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloate_EWCaII[0.01/0.2] Uncertainty in EWCaII0.1nmstat.errorfloatEWHeI[-0.86/0.65] Equivalent width, HeI D30.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloate_EWHeI[0/0.6] Uncertainty in EWHeI0.1nmstat.errorfloatRate[-14.21/0.5] Natural log rate of flares per day, ln(flares/day) (2)time;arith.ratiofloate_Rate[-2.8/1.4] Uncertainty in Ratestat.errorfloatW21Display data from Winters+, 2021, J/AJ/161/63 within 3"meta.ref.urlintnullableNfNumber of flares for this star (link to Table 3)meta.numberintnullableJ/ApJ/905/107/table3Catalog of stellar flaresTIC[3127674/471012790] TIC identifiermeta.idlongrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameStar namemeta.id;meta.maincharTmag[7.49/13.34] Tess magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloatTime[2458325.9/2458681.6] Time of peak flux, Barycentric Julian Datedtime.epochdoubleAmp[18.17/58391] Flare amplitudect/ssrc.var.amplitudedoubledt[360/20280] Flare durationstime.durationfloatED[0.36/3773] Equivalent durationstime.durationfloatEnergy[2.9e+29/6.3e+33] Flare energy in the TESS bandpass, in erg units1e-07Jphys.energydouble