J/ApJ/902/107ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/902/107doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19020107CDSLaos S.Stassun K.G.Mathieu R.D.2022-09-08T13:26:14Z2022-05-11T13:00:06ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frspectroscopic-binary-starseclipsing-binary-starsvisible-astronomyWide-band photometrystellar-massesmultiple-starsWe present higher-order multiplicity results for 60 solar-type spectroscopic binaries based on 0.75{mu}m imaging data taken by the robotic adaptive optics (Robo-AO) system at the Kitt Peak 2.1m telescope. Our contrast curves show sensitivity up to ~5mag at ~1" separation; at very small separations, we identify candidate companions from image deviations relative to the point spread function. We find candidate tertiary companions for 62% of our binaries overall, but we find that this fraction is a strong function of the inner binary orbital period; it ranges from ~47% for P_bin_>30d to as high as ~90% for P_bin_<~5d. We similarly find an increasing tertiary companion frequency for shorter-period binaries in a secondary sample of Kepler eclipsing binaries observed by Robo-AO. Using Gaia distances, we estimate an upper limit orbital period for each tertiary candidate and compare the tertiary-to-binary period ratios for systems in the field versus those in star-forming regions. Taken all together, these results provide further evidence for angular momentum transfer from three-body interactions, resulting in tight binaries with tertiaries that widen from pre-main-sequence to field ages.2020ApJ...902..107Lhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/902/107CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)V/147 : The SDSS Photometric Catalogue, Release 12 (Alam+, 2015)V/152 : The DEBCat detached eclipsing binary catalogue (Southworth, 2015)III/284 : APOGEE-2 data from DR16 (Johnsson+, 2020)J/A+A/450/681 : Companions to close sp. binaries (Tokovinin+, 2006)J/AJ/134/2353 : Observations of contact binaries (Rucinski+, 2007)J/ApJS/190/1 : A survey of stellar families (Raghavan+, 2010)J/other/A+ARV/18.67 : Accurate masses and radii of normal stars (Torres+, 2010)J/ApJ/792/119 : Companions to nearby stars from Pan-STARRS 1 (Deacon+, 2014)J/ApJ/791/35 : Detection of 715 Kepler planet cand. host stars (Law+, 2014)J/ApJS/215/15 : SMaSH+: observations and companion detection (Sana+, 2014)J/AJ/147/86 : From binaries to multiples. I. (Tokovinin, 2014)J/AJ/147/87 : From binaries to multiples. II. Stat. (Tokovinin, 2014)J/AJ/150/16 : Speckle-interferometry in Melotte 111 (Guerrero+, 2015)J/AJ/150/151 : DSSI observations of binaries. VI. 2014 obs. (Horch+, 2015)J/ApJ/799/4 : Robo-AO observations of binary stars (Riddle+, 2015)J/AJ/152/18 : Robo-AO Kepler planetary cand. survey. II. (Baranec+, 2016)J/AJ/152/180 : Bolometric fluxes of EBs in Tycho-2 (Stassun+, 2016)J/AJ/151/85 : Companions to APOGEE stars. I. (Troup+, 2016)J/ApJ/851/132 : ~30yr of opt. sp. & Vmag obs. of GW Ori (Czekala+, 2017)J/AJ/153/66 : Robo-AO Kepler Planetary Cand. Survey. III. (Ziegler+, 2017)J/AJ/155/51 : Robo-AO binary star syst. in 3 open cl. (Hillenbrand+, 2018)J/A+A/619/A180 : Gaia DR2 phot. sensitivity curves (Maiz Apellaniz+, 2018)J/MNRAS/473/4497 : Binary stars astrom. and phot. measurements (Roberts+, 2018)J/ApJS/235/6 : Updated Multiple Star Catalog: Sept 2021 (Tokovinin, 2018)J/AJ/155/161 : Stars nearby Robo-AO Kepler planetary cand. (Ziegler+, 2018)J/AJ/156/83 : Stellar companions & planetary systems (Ziegler+, 2018)J/A+A/623/A23 : Differential photometry of MML 53 (Gomez Maqueo Chew+, 2019)J/AJ/157/78 : Double & mult. star syst. from Gaia (Jimenez-Esteban+, 2019)J/AJ/157/196 : Close companions around young stars (Kounkel+, 2019)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/902/107https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/902/107http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/902/107https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/902/107https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/902/107http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/902/107GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/902/107/table1 (Any companions that we identified in our Robo-AO imaging (non-SB observations))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/902/107/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/902/107/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/902/107/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true78.264217924.396841660.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/902/107/table2 (Robo-AO spectroscopic binary (SB) sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/902/107/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/902/107/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/902/107/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true84.38523988637.0868874430.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/902/107/table3 (Robo-AO KOI eclipsing binary (EB) sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/902/107/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/902/107/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/902/107/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true283.8663447.228280.0055555555555555566/1344 4933 5044 5139 5147 5556 6403 6429 6783 8572-8573 8917 8967 9044 9258 9438 9468 9481 9579 9857 10271 10293 10378 10401 10483-10484 11692 12036 13228 13263 13281 13692 13705 14442 14567 14579 14581-14583 14585 14587 14599 14630 14644 14734-14735 14749 14757 14760 14777 14781 14819 14919 14923 14928-14929 14959 14975 15111 15114 15121 15137 15148 15171-15172 15174 20271 24293 24415 25991 26252 26975 26997 27893 28484 28486 28619 28642 30450 31174 31227 31335 31420 31572 31977 32217 32382 32688https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/902/107?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/902/107/table1Any companions that we identified in our Robo-AO imaging (non-SB observations)Strehl[1.26/6.72] Strehl ratio (2)%instr.paramfloatVmag[6.707/12.44] Apparent V band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.VfloatFlagMultiplicity flag (G1)meta.code.errorcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharNameIdentifiermeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintf_Name[b] Flag on Name (1)meta.codecharRAJ2000[78.26/293.7] Right Ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[22.27/68.5] Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainAPOGEEDisplay data from APOGEE-2 DR16 (III/284)meta.ref.urlintnullableJ/ApJ/902/107/table2Robo-AO spectroscopic binary (SB) sampleEBCatDisplay data from Stassun+, 2016, J/AJ/152/180meta.ref.urlintnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameIdentifiermeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryTGaia identified tertiaries (link to Table 4)meta.ref.urlcharRAJ2000[84.38/357.4] Right Ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[-1.7/67.4] Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainPbin[0.63/1317] Binary perioddtime.perioddoubleVmag[5.68/12.21] Apparent V band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.VfloatFlagMultiplicity flag (G1)meta.code.errorcharRefSample identifier (1)meta.idcharAPOGEEDisplay data from APOGEE-2 DR16 (III/284)meta.ref.urlintnullableJ/ApJ/902/107/table3Robo-AO KOI eclipsing binary (EB) samplePbin[0.53/253.4] Binary perioddtime.perioddoubleSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKOI[4/6109] Kepler Object of Interest identifiermeta.id;meta.mainintRAJ2000[283.86/300.95] Right Ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[36.7/50.8] Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainVmag[7.64/13] Apparent V band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.VfloatFlagMultiplicity flag (G1)meta.code.errorcharAPOGEEDisplay data from APOGEE-2 DR16 (III/284)meta.ref.urlintnullableJ/ApJ/902/107/table4Robo-AO and Gaia identified tertiariesMass[0.8/35.5] Mass (2)solMassphys.massfloatNameIdentifiermeta.id;meta.maincharPSep[6/33258] Projected physical separation upper limitAUpos.angDistance;stat.maxfloatlogP3[0.5/6.2] log tertiary orbital period upper limitlog(yr)time.period;stat.maxfloatGOF-AL[5.45/67] Gaia Astrometric Goodness of Fit in the Along-Scan directionstat.fit.goodness;pos.dirCosfloatD[0/223.5] Gaia significance of the Astrometric Excess Noisestat.fit.goodnessfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintf_Name[ef] Flag on Name (1)meta.codecharPbin[0.63/1317] Binary orbital perioddtime.perioddoubleSep[0.12/119.2] Separation upper limitarcsecpos.angDistance;stat.maxfloatDist[49.3/2223] Distancepcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloat