Ages & [Fe/H] of the MW bulge using APOGEE J/ApJ/901/109 ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/901/109 doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19010109 CDS Hasselquist S. Zasowski G. Feuillet D.K. Schultheis M.,Nataf D.M. Anguiano B. Beaton R.L. Beers T.C. Cohen R.E. Cunha K.,Fernandez-Trincado J.G. Garcia-Hernandez D.A. Geisler D. Holtzman J.A.,Johnson J. Lane R.R. Majewski S.R. Moni Bidin C. Nitschelm C.,Roman-Lopes A. Schiavon R. Smith V.V. Sobeck J. 2023-02-17T16:11:49Z 2022-02-18T13:28:59Z CDS support team CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France cds-question@unistra.fr milky-way-galaxy metallicity stellar-ages infrared-astronomy spectroscopy We present stellar age distributions of the Milky Way bulge region using ages for ~6000 high-luminosity (log(g)<2.0), metal-rich ([Fe/H]>=-0.5) bulge stars observed by the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment. Ages are derived using The Cannon label-transfer method, trained on a sample of nearby luminous giants with precise parallaxes for which we obtain ages using a Bayesian isochrone-matching technique. We find that the metal-rich bulge is predominantly composed of old stars (>8Gyr). We find evidence that the planar region of the bulge (|Z_GC_|<=0.25kpc) is enriched in metallicity, Z, at a faster rate (dZ/dt~0.0034Gyr^-1^) than regions farther from the plane (dZ/dt~0.0013Gyr^-1^ at |Z_GC_|>1.00kpc). We identify a nonnegligible fraction of younger stars (age ~2-5Gyr) at metallicities of +0.2<[Fe/H]<+0.4. These stars are preferentially found in the plane (|Z_GC_|<=0.25kpc) and at R_cy_~2-3kpc, with kinematics that are more consistent with rotation than are the kinematics of older stars at the same metallicities. We do not measure a significant age difference between stars found inside and outside the bar. These findings show that the bulge experienced an initial starburst that was more intense close to the plane than far from the plane. Then, star formation continued at supersolar metallicities in a thin disk at 2kpc<~R_cy_<~3kpc until ~2Gyr ago. 2020ApJ...901..109H https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/901/109 Catalog Research IsServedBy TAP VizieR generic service IsServedBy Conesearch service related-to II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003) I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018) I/347 : Distances to 1.33 billion stars in Gaia DR2 (Bailer-Jones+, 2018) III/284 : APOGEE-2 data from DR16 (Johnsson+, 2020) J/A+A/349/L69 : Interstellar extinction (Schultheis+, 1999) J/A+A/354/169 : Metal-poor field stars abundances (Gratton+, 2000) J/A+A/486/177 : Bulge field stars from FLAMES-GIRAFFE sp. (Zoccali+, 2008) J/AJ/138/1243 : The star formation history of the LMC (Harris+, 2009) J/ApJ/721/L28 : Red clump stars in Gal. Bulge from OGLE-III (Nataf+, 2010) J/ApJ/733/L47 : Galaxy bulge types within 11Mpc (Fisher+, 2011) J/A+A/534/A80 : Bulge clump giant abund. in Baade's window (Hill+, 2011) J/ApJ/732/108 : Abundances of 92 giants in Plaut's window (Johnson+, 2011) J/A+A/543/A106 : UBVRI photometry in NGC6791 (Brogaard+, 2012) J/ApJ/749/175 : Abundances for stars in Plaut's window (Johnson+, 2012) J/A+A/549/A147 : Abund. of microlensed bulge dwarf stars. V. (Bensby+, 2013) J/ApJ/765/157 : Abund. of red giants in the Galactic bulge (Johnson+, 2013) J/A+A/558/A53 : MW global survey of star clusters. II. (Kharchenko+, 2013) J/A+A/559/A98 : JK photometry in BUL_SC9 and BUL_SC29 (Valenti+, 2013) J/AJ/148/67 : Abundances of 156 bulge red giants (Johnson+, 2014) J/ApJS/215/19 : APOKASC catalog of Kepler red giants (Pinsonneault+, 2014) J/ApJ/808/16 : Cannon: a new approach to determine abundances (Ness+, 2015) J/MNRAS/455/2216 : Outer bulge O-rich Mira's JHKL photometry (Catchpole+, 2016) J/ApJ/817/40 : High-resolution NIR sp. of local giants (Feuillet+, 2016) J/AJ/151/144 : ASPCAP weights for APOGEE chemical elements (Garcia+, 2016) J/MNRAS/456/3655 : Masses and ages of red giants (Martig+, 2016) J/ApJ/823/114 : The Cannon: a new approach to determine masses (Ness+, 2016) J/ApJ/819/2 : APOGEE kinematics. I. Galactic bulge overview (Ness+, 2016) J/A+A/605/A89 : Abund. of microlensed Bulge dwarf stars. VI. (Bensby+, 2017) J/MNRAS/465/501 : APOGEE N-rich stars in inner Galaxy (Schiavon+, 2017) J/A+A/599/A12 : [Fe/H] & kinematics of 26 Gal. bulge fields (Zoccali+, 2017) J/A+A/618/A93 : Gaia DR2 open clusters in the MW (Cantat-Gaudin+, 2018) J/AJ/156/126 : Parameters & abund. from BACCHUS analysis (Jonsson+, 2018) J/MNRAS/473/4731 : Barred galaxies structural decomposition (Kruk+, 2018) J/ApJS/239/32 : APOKASC-2 cat. of Kepler evolved stars (Pinsonneault+, 2018) J/AJ/156/18 : APOGEE companions of evolved stars (Price-Whelan+, 2018) J/A+A/618/A147 : Fraction of bulge metal poor & rich stars (Zoccali+, 2018) J/ApJ/872/58 : Sagittarius stream stars with APOGEE (Hasselquist+, 2019) J/ApJ/872/137 : Abund. of red clump & RGB with APOGEE (Shetrone+, 2019) J/ApJ/889/63 : Properties of Sgr Stars (Hayes+, 2020) J/A+A/638/A76 : StarHorse data for 5 surveys (Queiroz+, 2020) J/ApJ/900/4 : Abund. & ages of stars in the Milky Way bulge (Sit+, 2020) https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.html https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/901/109 https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/901/109 http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/901/109 https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/901/109 https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/901/109 http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/901/109 GET text/xml+votable https://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tap Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/901/109/table1 (Ages produced in this work) https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/901/109/table1? https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/901/109/table1? http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/901/109/table1? 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15722 15744 15748-15749 15760-15761 15772-15773 15779-15780 15782-15783 15785 15787-15790 15794-15795 15801 15803 15808 15810 15816 15831 15837 15839 15861 15873 15876-15877 15889 15892-15893 15914-15915 15918 15923 15926-15929 15932-15934 15953 15975 15981 15986 15992-15993 15995-15996 15998-16001 16031 16043 16046-16047 16058 16060-16061 16066 16073-16075 16078 16093 16095 16104-16105 16107 16110-16111 16132 16215 16266 16647 16862 16889 16981-16982 16989 17175 17218 17298 17682 17710-17711 17746 17749 17752-17753 17777 17795 17799 17828 17983 18035 18091 18102 18109 18176 18179 18226-18227 18295 18297 18300 18335 18339 18388 18391 18418-18419 18424-18425 18427-18428 18433 18451 18459 18464 18466 18470 18478-18480 18488 18490 18536 18538 18564 18570 18573 18584 18587 18625 18627 18663 18671 18727 18769 18774 18781 18783 19013-19015 19021 19024 19032 19079 19085 19094-19095 19100-19102 19106 19111 19118 19120 19122 19179 19183 19219-19220 19222-19223 19228 19230-19231 19266 19274 19278-19279 19381 19424 19675 19696 19699 19708 19766 19769 19774 19860 19971-19972 19975 19981 20376 20382 20389 20391 20401 20549 20551 20557 20568 20743 20754 20772-20773 20784 20800-20801 20803 20809 20812 20821 20854-20855 20857 20859 20901-20903 20909 20914 20917-20920 20925 20945 20960 20962 20968 20981 21014 21017 21020 21359 21370-21371 21373-21375 21400 21402-21403 21424 21427 21432 21439 21444-21445 21447 21460-21461 21464-21465 21481-21483 21504-21505 21534 21553 21555 21564-21565 21567 21602 21610-21611 21634 21639 21645 21650-21653 21655-21657 21661 21664-21665 21667 21670 21676 21678-21679 21696 21698-21699 21704 21707 21710 21736-21737 21740 21742-21743 21754 21862 21869-21870 21878-21879 21998-21999 22013 22015-22017 22020 22023 22025 22027 22035 22038-22039 22053 22055 22062-22063 22068-22069 22071 22080 22088 22090 22092-22093 22096 22098 22104 22107 22109 22111 22117-22119 22124 22132-22133 22136-22137 22139 22142 22148-22149 22152-22153 22155-22156 22158-22159 22161 22163-22166 22177 22179 22193 22216-22217 22219 22224-22225 22227 22236-22237 22239 22243 22245-22247 22256 22258-22261 22263 22271 22279 22285-22287 22290-22291 22300 22302 22308 22313-22315 22320 22330 22337 22339 22348-22349 22354 22360 22371-22372 22374-22375 22377 22380-22381 22401 22404-22406 22410 22416 22440 22442-22443 22485 22494-22495 22497-22499 22502 22504-22505 22507-22510 22710 22718-22719 22805 22807 22815 22838-22839 22845 22848-22849 22851 22857-22860 22862 22866-22867 22870 22872-22873 22875 22882-22883 22886-22889 22892 22895 22900 22904 22906-22907 22954 22981 23045 23049 23051-23052 23057-23062 23064-23065 23068 23073 23102 23144 23180 23182 23186-23187 23189-23190 23194 23205 23214 23216 23297 23324-23325 23368-23369 23371 23379 23385 23387 23392 23461 23463 23469 23474-23475 23480 23483 23523 23531-23532 23545-23547 23550 23562-23563 23573 23581 23588 23590 23596 23616 23618-23620 23622 23628 23630 23640-23641 23643-23645 23649 23651-23652 23654-23655 23657 23659 23665 23667 23672-23674 23687 23693 23695-23698 23700 23702 23717 23719 23728-23730 23732-23733 23735 23742-23743 23748-23749 23751-23752 23754 23756-23757 23759 23762-23763 23765-23767 23773 23781 23788-23790 23804 23807 23814 23816 23822-23823 23838-23839 23848 23853 23855 23858 23866 23869-23871 23873 23882 23904 23906 23918 23940-23941 23943 23949 23952-23954 23957 23959 23962-23963 23966 23972 23974-23975 23980-23982 23988 23990-23991 23993 23995-23996 23998-23999 24017-24020 24022-24023 24028-24030 24032-24033 24036-24038 24042 24052 24054-24055 24060-24061 24063 24066 24069 24071-24072 24084-24086 24088-24089 24091-24092 24094-24095 24112-24113 24115 24132 24134 24144-24145 24147-24148 24150-24151 24153 24155-24157 24159 24180 24182-24183 24222-24223 24253 24266-24267 24277 24279 24292-24293 24295-24296 24304-24306 24319 24321 24323 24329 24348 24350-24351 24354 24360 24362 24364-24365 24367-24368 24370-24373 24375-24377 24384 24386 24394-24395 24416-24418 24426-24427 24430-24431 24434-24435 24438 24444 24446 24448 24450 24455 24461 24463 24469 24471-24473 24480-24481 24483 24487-24489 24491-24494 24500 24502 24508 24510 24516 24518 24522-24524 24526 24528-24529 24532 24548-24549 24554-24556 24559 24841-24842 25207 25336 25338-25339 25345 25347 25350 25353 25356 25388 25400-25401 25406 25477 25607 25616 25618 25850-25852 25861 25880-25881 26015 26019-26020 26022 26025 26028 26034 26036 26038-26039 26044 26058 26073 26075 26080-26081 26113 26120-26121 26124 26164 26173 26182 26185 26193 26243-26244 26253 26277 26282 26551 26592-26593 26598 26601 26604 26655 26693 26695 26698-26699 26706 26723 26890 26894 26913 26918 26924 26940 26967 26971 26974 26987 27006-27007 27035 27045 27078 27133 27170 27176 27231 27252-27254 27256 27262 27298-27300 27302-27303 27308 27314 27337-27339 27342 27348 27351 27356 27361 27436 27486 27636 27642 27668 27670 27676-27677 27679 27774 27860-27861 27889 27901 27905 27907 27910 27973 28032 28034 28064 28073 28076-28077 28150 28241 28245 28271 28283 28290 28300 28318 28325 28329 28341 28356 28364-28365 28417 28484 28548-28549 28553 28619 28644 28679 28685 28690-28691 28696 28698-28699 28724 28726-28727 28748 28764-28765 28768 28770-28771 28774-28775 28792 28794 28801-28803 28816-28817 28819 28896 28898-28899 28928-28929 28932 28941 28943 28952-28953 28995 29001 29003-29004 29006 29052-29053 29066-29067 29070-29071 29154-29155 29158 29168-29169 29178-29179 29181-29185 29187 29199 29208 29210-29213 29221 29226 29230-29233 29242 29256-29257 29259 29264-29266 29268-29269 29274 29296 29298-29299 29308 29312 29328 29336 29345 29356-29357 29395 29398 29401 29403-29404 29406 29440-29441 29443 29453 29464-29465 29516-29518 29521-29523 29537 29539 29561 29582-29583 29594 29604-29605 29621-29623 29629 29631-29633 29635-29638 29649 29651 29670 29676 29681 29683-29684 29686-29687 29692 29694-29695 29704 29706 29728 29730 29733 29735 29829-29831 29837 29840-29842 29845 29882-29883 29885 29887 29894 29896-29898 29900-29901 29903 29906-29907 29916 29918 29928-29930 29934-29937 29940 29951 30029 30031 30034 30037 30039 30046 30064-30065 30068 30122 30141 30143 30178 30190-30191 30202-30203 30233-30234 30236-30237 30239 30252 30254 30264-30265 30267-30270 30272 30274 30280 30284-30285 30296-30297 30299 30301-30303 30307 30310 30321 30323 30330-30334 30344-30345 30349 30356 30358 30364 30366-30367 30380-30381 30389 30391-30394 30397 30401 30404-30405 30410 30415 30426-30428 30436-30438 30440-30441 30444 30452 30454 30456-30457 30464 30466-30467 30472-30474 30496 30498 30515 30524-30525 30527-30530 30532-30533 30535 30548 30550 30552-30553 30556 30560 30562 30566-30568 30578 30640-30641 30643 30660-30661 30667 30670 30672-30673 30675 30678-30679 30681 30683 30697 30700-30701 30706-30707 30709-30710 30746-30747 30757 30765 30772 30774 30776-30777 30780 30858-30860 30863 30881 30883-30884 30966-30967 30975 30997 31019 31040 31060-31062 31064-31065 31068 31105 31116 31118 31138 31144 31147 31369 31371-31372 31374 31393 31397-31399 31404-31405 31407 31410-31411 31416-31417 31419 31422 31577-31580 31583 31600-31601 31604 31745 31747 31762 31768-31769 31771 31793 31796-31797 31816 31818 31840 32005-32007 32012-32013 32016 32018-32019 32029 32031 32041-32043 32053 32066 32071 32082-32083 32086 32092 32094 32096-32097 32100 32112-32113 32129 32131 32144-32145 32147 32153 32156-32157 32159 32194 32421-32423 32428-32429 32431 32440 32457 32460-32461 32466 32478 32486 32488 32490-32492 32497 32499 32509 32674 32681-32683 32686 32699 32701-32702 32746 32853-32855 32885 32959 33000 33028-33030 33032 33034 33037 33039 33041 33044-33045 33048-33050 33053 33055-33056 33063 33065 33067 33088-33090 33092 33095-33098 33100-33101 33105-33108 33110 33114-33115 33120 33122-33123 33136-33138 33141 33143 33158 33170 33175 33181 33183 33218 33224 33228 33231 33233-33236 33238 33240 33242 33282 33336 33421 33798 33801 33824 33830 33833 33836 34199 34242 34248 36618 36651 36703 36724-36726 36729-36730 36737 36817 36861-36863 36878-36879 36881-36883 36900 37004 37006 37025 37037-37039 37049-37051 37054 37098-37099 37136-37137 37144 37146 37191 37196-37197 37202-37203 37208-37209 37247 37291-37292 37294-37295 37311 37341 37343 37354-37355 37377-37381 37389-37391 37393-37398 37400-37402 37405 37407 37412-37413 37416-37418 37422 37429 37439 37444 37452 37478 37481-37484 37486-37487 37504 37508 37510 37525 37572 37576 37608-37609 37611-37612 37614 37636 37647 37653 37658-37659 37669 37680-37682 37696-37697 37718-37719 37724-37725 37800-37801 37822-37823 37843 37846 37849 37852 37893 37895 37921-37924 37926 37929-37931 37968-37969 37972 38018-38019 38024-38026 38056 38058 38069-38071 38076-38077 38110-38112 38114 38132-38134 38304 38468 38509-38511 38520 38522 38597 38819-38820 39185 39187-39189 39271 39277 39282-39283 39288-39290 39367 39373 39378-39379 39384-39386 39410-39411 39846 39849 39851-39854 39881 39883 39891 39894-39895 39900-39901 39905 39908 39915 39918 39927 39933 39935 40495 40557 40559 40568 40570 40610 40627-40629 40631 40633 40645 40656 40666 40677 40679-40680 40694 40696-40697 40737 40739 40748-40750 40798 40949 41166-41167 41185 41187-41190 41327 41423 41434-41435 41445 41456-41458 41482-41483 41504-41506 41560 41562 41589-41591 41596-41597 41635-41636 41638 41641 41644 41653 41655 41671 41688 41696 41723-41724 41726 41760 41762 41810-41811 41816-41817 41820 41849 41851-41852 41854 41937 41940 41971 41977 41980 42019 42022-42023 42025 42028 42058-42059 42062 42077 42079-42081 42084 42101 42109-42111 42206-42207 42228-42229 42244 42246 42261 42271-42272 42280-42282 42293 42302-42304 42314 42336 42353-42355 42358 42360-42361 42378 42385 42387 42393 42395-42396 42398 42400 42417-42420 42433-42435 42438-42441 42444-42445 42449-42450 42456 42467 42470-42471 42473 42475-42478 42485 42493 42495 42574 42588-42589 42592-42593 42611 42614-42615 42617 42619-42622 42638-42639 42647 42657 42660-42661 42696 42705 42707-42708 42713 42715-42716 42718 42861-42863 42868-42869 42878-42879 42885-42887 42892-42893 42898 42929 42931 42939 42941-42944 42948-42949 42955 42958 42964-42965 42989 42991 43014-43015 43017 43019-43022 43053-43055 43064 43066 43089 43092 43126-43127 43132-43134 43140-43141 43168 43170 43176 43225 43227-43228 43230 43282-43283 43529 43531 43534 43536-43537 43552-43553 44304-44305 44307 44316-44317 44319 44356 44359 44364 44366-44368 44384-44385 44387-44388 44401 44404 44719 44730 45025 45759 45802 47125 47168 47616 47618 47624 47656 47658 47742 47744 47746 47755-47758 47777 47780 47825 47827-47828 47847 47970-47971 47976 48011 48014 48022-48023 48033-48036 48038-48039 48056 48058 48072 48503 49143 49149-49150 https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/901/109?format=ascii Infrared default J/ApJ/901/109/table1 Ages produced in this work recno Record number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification. meta.record int ID APOGEE identifier (2MHHMMSSss+DDMMSSs or APHHMMSSss+DDMMSSs) meta.id;meta.main char Field APOGEE field meta.id;obs.field char Tel Telescope identifier (1) meta.id;instr.tel char logAge [7.3/11.8] log age log(yr) time.age float e_logAge [0.19/0.4] Uncertainty in logAge log(yr) stat.error;time.age float [Fe/H] [-0.54/0.6] Metallicity log(Sun) phys.abund.Z float SimbadName Simbad column added by the CDS meta.id char nullable e_[Fe/H] [0.01/0.03] Uncertainty in [Fe/H] log(Sun) stat.error;phys.abund.Fe float _RA Positions from APOGEE names (right ascension part) deg pos.eq.ra;meta.main indexed _DE Positions from APOGEE names (declination part) deg pos.eq.dec;meta.main indexed