J/ApJ/900/95ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/900/95doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19000095CDSVillaume A.Foreman-Mackey D.Romanowsky A.J.Brodie J.Strader J.2022-10-04T12:00:15Z2022-01-13T12:35:45ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmetallicityglobular-star-clustersvisible-astronomyspectroscopyWe present an extensive study of spectroscopically derived chemical abundances for M87 and its globular cluster (GC) system. Using observations from the Mitchell spectrograph at McDonald, LRIS at Keck, and Hectospec on the MMT, we derive new metallicity gradients from ~2 to 140kpc. We use a novel hierarchical statistical framework to simultaneously separate the GC system into subpopulations while measuring the metallicity gradients of those subpopulations. We create physically motivated spectral stacks of the GC subpopulations by leveraging the output of this statistical framework to perform the first application of abundance tagging in a massive early-type galaxy to better constrain the origins of the GC subpopulations and thus the assembly history of M87. We find a metal-poor, {alpha}-enhanced population of GCs in both the inner and outer halos unanticipated by current cosmological simulations of galaxy evolution. We use the remarkably flat metallicity gradients we find for both the metal-rich and metal-poor GC subpopulations in the inner halo as tentative evidence that some amount of the metal-poor GCs formed directly in the halo of M87 at high redshift.2020ApJ...900...95Vhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/900/95CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)J/AJ/120/1841 : Abund. & Kinematics of Halo and Disk Stars (Fulbright 2000)J/A+A/414/503 : Abundances in the Sgr dSph (Bonifacio+, 2004)J/A+A/416/1117 : Abundances in the early Galaxy (Cayrel+, 2004)J/A+A/439/129 : HERES II. Spectroscopic analysis (Barklem+, 2005)J/A+A/440/321 : Chemical abundances in 43 metal-poor stars (Jonsell+, 2005)J/AJ/132/137 : Abundances of extremely metal-poor stars (Cohen+, 2006)J/ApJ/645/613 : Abundances of HD 221170 (Ivans+, 2006)J/AJ/132/1714 : Phot. and Spectroscopic study of TY Gru (Preston+, 2006)J/ApJ/655/492 : Equivalent widths of 26 metal-poor stars (Aoki+, 2007)J/ApJ/681/1524 : Detailed abundances for 28 metal-poor stars (Lai+, 2008)J/ApJ/681/197 : ACS Virgo Cluster Survey. XV (Peng+, 2008)J/ApJ/679/1549 : Sp. of metal-poor star CS 17435-00532 (Roederer+, 2008)J/ApJ/701/1053 : Abundances of 8 stars in the Draco dSph (Cohen+, 2009)J/ApJS/182/216 : Surface photometry of Virgo ellipticals (Kormendy+, 2009)J/ApJ/706/1095 : Chemical compositions of 26 outer halo stars (Zhang+, 2009)J/ApJ/708/560 : Spectroscopy of UMa II and Coma Ber (Frebel+, 2010)J/ApJ/711/573 : Abundances in a halo stellar stream (Roederer+, 2010)J/A+A/533/A134 : Abundances of microlensed stars in the Bulge (Bensby+, 2011)J/MNRAS/414/1227 : Mg/Fe ratio of MILES stars (Milone+, 2011)J/ApJS/197/33 : The M87 globular cluster system (Strader+, 2011)J/A+A/548/A34 : Abund. of carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars (Allen+, 2012)J/MNRAS/420/37 : NGC 4365 globular clusters (Blom+, 2012)J/ApJ/748/29 : Spectroscopy of M87 globular clusters (Romanowsky+, 2012)J/MNRAS/426/1475 : CaT in 903 globular clusters (Usher+, 2012)J/AJ/145/13 : Metal-poor stars from SDSS/SEGUE. I. (Aoki+, 2013)J/ApJ/778/56 : Hamburg/ESO Survey extremely metal-poor stars (Cohen+, 2013)J/ApJ/763/61 : Abund. of 7 red giant members of BootesI (Gilmore+, 2013)J/ApJ/779/102 : Metallicities of RGB stars in dwarf galaxies (Kirby+, 2013)J/MNRAS/436/1172 : Globular Clusters of NGC 4278 in SLUGGS (Usher+, 2013)J/A+A/562/A71 : Abundances of solar neighbourhood dwarfs (Bensby+, 2014)J/A+A/562/A146 : Chemical abundances of 8 metal-poor stars (Ishigaki+, 2014)J/ApJ/795/158 : The MASSIVE survey : 116 candidate galaxies (Ma+, 2014)J/AJ/147/136 : Stars of very low metal abundance. VI. (Roederer+, 2014)J/ApJ/814/121 : CASH project. III. The CEMP star HE0414-0343 (Hollek+, 2015)J/ApJ/807/171 : SkyMapper Survey metal-poor star sp. (Jacobson+, 2015)J/ApJ/798/110 : Equivalent widths of LAMOST metal-poor stars (Li+, 2015)J/MNRAS/451/2625 : SLUGGS Globular Cluster CaT and [Z/H] (Pastorello+, 2015)J/ApJ/812/109 : HST & Keck spectrosc. of bright CEMP-s stars (Placco+, 2015)J/A+A/574/A129 : First CEMP star in the Sculptor dSph (Skuladottir+, 2015)J/ApJ/802/30 : NGVS VI. Ultra-compact dwarfs in M87 (Zhang+, 2015)J/ApJ/824/42 : Star clusters in M31. VII. GCs RVs (Caldwell+, 2016)J/MNRAS/460/884 : EMBLA survey. Galactic bulge metal-poor stars (Howes+, 2016)J/MNRAS/458/105 : SLUGGS NGC 3607 and 3608 globular clusters (Kartha+, 2016)J/MNRAS/455/820 : M87 globular cluster candidates catalog (Oldham+, 2016)J/A+A/620/A111 : Confirmed PN in M87 outer regions (Longobardi+, 2018)J/ApJ/874/66 : MASSIVE. XII. Early-type gal. gradients (Greene+, 2019)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/900/95https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/900/95http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/900/95https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/900/95https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/900/95http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/900/95GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/900/95/table1 ([Fe/H] measurements for the GCs included in this work)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/900/95/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/900/95/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/900/95/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true187.7355312.328020.0055555555555555566/27765 27767 27936 27938https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/900/95?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/900/95/table1[Fe/H] measurements for the GCs included in this workSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharNEDNED column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar[SRB2011]Identifier from Strader+ 2011, J/ApJS/197/33meta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000[187.299/188.17] Right Ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[11.9/12.9] Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main[Fe/H][-1.82/0.42] Metallicity derived in this worklog(Sun)phys.abund.Zfloate_[Fe/H][0.1/0.85] Uncertainty in [Fe/H]log(Sun)stat.error;phys.abund.FefloatInst[0/1] Instrument used (1)instr.setupint