J/ApJ/897/177ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/897/177doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18970177CDSPaliya V.S.Ajello M.Cao H.-M.Giroletti M.Kaur A.Madejski G.,Lott B.Hartmann D.2022-03-10T11:26:50Z2021-10-21T08:38:00ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fractive-galactic-nucleiblack-holesquasarsredshiftedmagnetic-fieldsradio-spectroscopyx-ray-sourcesgamma-ray-astronomyThe uncharted territory of the high-redshift (z>~3) universe holds the key to understanding the evolution of quasars. In an attempt to identify the most extreme members of the quasar population, that is, blazars, we have carried out a multiwavelength study of a large sample of radio-loud quasars beyond z=3. Our sample consists of nine {gamma}-ray-detected blazars and 133 candidate blazars selected based on the flatness of their soft X-ray spectra (0.3-10keV photon index <~1.75), including 15 with Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) observations. The application of the likelihood profile stacking technique reveals that the high-redshift blazars are faint {gamma}-ray emitters with steep spectra. The high-redshift blazars host massive black holes (<logM_BH,M{odot}_>>9) and luminous accretion disks (<L_disk_>>10^46^erg/s). Their broadband spectral energy distributions are found to be dominated by high-energy radiation, indicating their jets are among the most luminous ones. Focusing on the sources exhibiting resolved X-ray jets (as observed with the Chandra satellite), we find the bulk Lorentz factor to be larger with respect to other z>3 blazars, indicating faster moving jets. We conclude that the presented list of high-redshift blazars may act as a reservoir for follow-up observations, such as with NuSTAR, to understand the evolution of relativistic jets at the dawn of the universe.2020ApJ...897..177Phttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/897/177CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toVIII/65 : 1.4GHz NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) (Condon+ 1998)VIII/51 : the FIRST Survey, version 1998Feb (White+ 1998)VIII/59 : the FIRST Survey, version 1999Jul (White+ 1999)VIII/71 : The FIRST Survey Catalog, Version 03Apr11 (Becker+ 2003)VIII/76 : Leiden/Argentine/Bonn (LAB) Survey of Galactic HI (Kalberla+ 2005)VIII/78 : Sydney University Molonglo Sky Survey (SUMSS) (Mauch+, 2006)VIII/81 : Sydney University Molonglo Sky Survey (SUMSS V2.1) (Mauch+, 2008)VII/259 : 6dF galaxy survey final redshift release (Jones+, 2009)VIII/90 : The FIRST Survey Catalog, Version 12Feb16 (Becker+ 2012)VIII/92 : The FIRST Survey Catalog, Version 2014Dec17 (Helfand+, 2015)VII/274 : The Roma BZCAT - 5th edition (Massaro+, 2015)VII/279 : SDSS quasar catalog: twelfth data release (Paris+, 2017)J/AJ/130/1418 : AGN jet kinematics (Jorstad+, 2005)J/AJ/133/313 : AGN from RASS and SDSS DR5 (Anderson+, 2007)J/A+A/466/823 : Hard 2-10kev X-ray selected sources (Georgantopoulos+, 2007)J/ApJ/699/603 : Evolution of Swift/BAT blazars (Ajello+, 2009)J/MNRAS/397/1177 : Swift-XRT observations of GRBs (Evans+, 2009)J/ApJ/716/30 : SED of Fermi bright blazars (Abdo+, 2010)J/ApJS/194/45 : QSO properties from SDSS-DR7 (Shen+, 2011)J/ApJ/748/49 : Optical spectroscopy of 1LAC broad-line blazars (Shaw+, 2012)J/other/RMxAA/48.9 : Optical spectro. atlas of MOJAVE AGNs (Torrealba+, 2012)J/AJ/146/10 : Spectro. of 120 emission-line ICRF2 candidates (Titov+, 2013)J/ApJ/780/73 : Redshifts of BL Lac objects from Fermi (Ajello+, 2014)J/ApJS/215/12 : BOSS narrow CIV absorption lines. II. zem>2.4 (Chen+, 2014)J/MNRAS/441/1899 : Fermi bright blazars (Fuhrmann+, 2014)J/other/Nat/515.376 : Power of relativistic jets in blazars (Ghisellini+, 2014)J/MNRAS/448/1060 : Fermi/LAT broad emission line blazars (Ghisellini+, 2015)J/ApJS/219/39 : QSOs selection from SDSS and WISE (Richards+, 2015)J/ApJ/833/77 : gamma-ray bright blazars optical polarization (Itoh+, 2016)J/ApJ/851/33 : Multi-wavelength analysis of CGRaBS blazars (Paliya+, 2017)J/AJ/156/18 : APOGEE DR14:Binary comp. of evolved stars (Price-Whelan+, 2018)J/ApJS/235/4 : The 105-month Swift-BAT all-sky hard X-ray survey (Oh+, 2018)J/ApJ/874/43 : MOJAVE. XVII. Parsec-scale jet kinematics AGNs (Lister+, 2019)J/ApJ/881/154 : BAT AGN spectroscopic survey. XVI. Blazars (Paliya+, 2019)J/ApJ/892/105 : 4th catalog of Fermi LAT-detected AGNs (4LAC) (Ajello+, 2020)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/897/177https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/897/177http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/897/177https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/897/177https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/897/177http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/897/177GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/897/177/table1 (Basic properties of 142 high-redshift blazars studied in this work)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/897/177/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/897/177/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/897/177/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true54.4810436-12.06792720.0055555555555555566/615 3074 4027 4114 4168 4263 4326 4446 4686 4720 4750 4902 4947 5170 5176 5352 5454 5458 5470 5630 5744 6172 6242 6258 6386 6415 6457 6487 6576 6617 6790 6853 7199 7206 7301 7436 7709 7857 7942 8218 8345 8525 9334 9394 9435 9635 9988 10228 10334 10598 10694 10802 10885 10897 10996 11045 11130 11161 11220 11267 11407 11418 11461 11613 11786 11822 12471 13213 13582 14905 15578 17317 17471 17494 17649 17689 18209 18271 18883 18988 19061 19663 19673 19882 20027 20156 20657 21020 21781 21872 22298 23099 23355 23548 24724 25413 25439 25844 25863 25990 26083 26098 26103 26239 26262 26421 26568 26816 27023 27302 27612 28322 28369 28483 28492 29795 30131 30836 30923 31355 31456 31529 32436 32451 32500 34271 34646 35741 35849 35952 36346 36871 38296 39566 43628 44724 44833 45621 45795 47050 47941 48610https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/897/177?format=asciiGamma-rayX-rayRadiodefaultJ/ApJ/897/177/table1Basic properties of 142 high-redshift blazars studied in this workSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintDetect[0/1] Gamma-ray detected blazarmeta.codeintCatRadio Catalog (1)meta.id;meta.tablecharNamePosition based name in Radio Catalogmeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryRAdeg[0.28/360] Right Ascension (J2000) (2)degpos.eq.raDEdeg[-86.3/81.6] Declination (J2000) (2)degpos.eq.decz[3.001/5.803] Redshift (2)src.redshiftfloatRmag[0/22.8] R band magnitude (2)magphot.mag;em.opt.RfloatFradio[1.53/2417.6] Radio flux (1)mJyphot.flux.density;em.radiofloat_RAPosition from SIMBAD (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition from SIMBAD (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/897/177/table3The results of the spectral analysis of the analyzed X-ray data obtained with Swift-XRT, XMM-Newton, and/or Chandra satellitesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNamePosition based name in Radio Catalogmeta.id;meta.maincharNH[0.74/34.3] Galactic neutral H column density1e+20cm**-2phys.columnDensity;pos.galacticfloatTexp[0.8/179.4] Observing exposure timekstime.duration;obs.exposurefloatFX[0.04/119] observed soft X-ray flux, erg/s/cm2 (1)1e-13mW.m**-2phot.flux;em.X-rayfloatb_FX[0.0/116.6] Lower limit on FX, erg/s/cm21e-13mW.m**-2phot.flux;em.X-ray;stat.minfloatB_FX[0.1/119.59] Upper limit on FX, erg/s/cm21e-13mW.m**-2phot.flux;em.X-ray;stat.maxfloatGamma[0.2/1.9] power-law photon indexmeta.code;spect.indexfloatb_Gamma[-2.19/1.64] Lower limit on Gammameta.notefloatB_Gamma[1.01/4.91] Upper limit on Gammameta.notefloatStat[0.64/910] C-statistic or {chi}^2^ from model fittingstatfloatDOF[3/807] Degrees of freedomstat.fit.dofintTypeStatistics type, c-stat or chimeta.notecharInstSatellite namemeta.id;instrcharJ/ApJ/897/177/table5Parameters used/derived from the SED modeling of the high-redshift blazarsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNamePosition based name in Radio Catalogmeta.id;meta.maincharz[3.0/5.81] Redshift of the blazarsrc.redshiftfloat[MassBH][8.7/10.3] log, black hole mass, solar unitslog(solMass)phys.massfloat[Lacc][45.85/48] log, luminosity of accretion disk, erg/slog(1e-07W)phys.luminosityfloatDist[0.07/0.995] Distance of emission region from central black holepcpos.distancefloatRBLR[0.085/1.02] radius of spherical BLRpcphys.size.radiusfloatdelta[9.3/22.6] Doppler factorspect.dopplerParamfloatGamma[5/14] Bulk Lorentz factorstat.fit.paramintB[0.2/3.2] magnetic field, GaussGphys.magFieldfloatp[1.1/2.2] slope, broken power law electron energy distributionstat.paramfloatgamma-m[1/4] minimum Lorentz factor, radiating electronsstat.fit.paramintgamma-b[18/176] break Lorentz factor, radiating electronsstat.fit.paramintUe[-2.9/-0.19] log, electron energy density, erg/cm3log(0.1J.m**-3)phys.energy.densityfloatCD[2.9/593.2] Compton dominancestat.fit.paramfloatJ/ApJ/897/177/table7Various jet powers derived from the SED modelingrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNamePosition based name in Radio Catalogmeta.id;meta.maincharP-ele[43.38/46.14] Electron Power, log(erg/s)log(1e-07W)phys.luminosity;phys.electronfloatP-mag[43.38/46.55] Magnetic Power, log(erg/s)log(1e-07W)phys.magFieldfloatP-rad[44.42/47.73] Radiative Power, log(erg/s)log(1e-07W)phys.luminosityfloatP-kin[45.82/48.66] Kinetic Power, log(erg/s)log(1e-07W)phys.luminosityfloatP-jet[45.83/48.66] Jet Power, log(erg/s)log(1e-07W)phys.luminosityfloat