J/ApJ/892/148ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/892/148doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18920148CDSSun J.Leroy A.K.Ostriker E.C.Hughes A.Rosolowsky E.Schruba A.,Schinnerer E.Blanc G.A.Faesi C.Kruijssen J.M.D.Meidt S.Utomo D.,Bigiel F.Bolatto A.D.Chevance M.Chiang I.-D.Dale D.Emsellem E.,Glover S.C.O.Grasha K.Henshaw J.Herrera C.N.Jimenez-Donaire M.J.,Lee J.C.Pety J.Querejeta M.Saito T.Sandstrom K.Usero A.2022-01-19T09:08:29Z2021-09-16T12:14:30ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxiesinterstellar-mediummolecular-physicsco-line-emissionWe compare the observed turbulent pressure in molecular gas, P_turb_, to the required pressure for the interstellar gas to stay in equilibrium in the gravitational potential of a galaxy, P_DE_. To do this, we combine arcsecond resolution CO data from PHANGS-ALMA with multiwavelength data that trace the atomic gas, stellar structure, and star formation rate (SFR) for 28 nearby star-forming galaxies. We find that P_turb_ correlates with--but almost always exceeds--the estimated P_DE_ on kiloparsec scales. This indicates that the molecular gas is overpressurized relative to the large-scale environment. We show that this overpressurization can be explained by the clumpy nature of molecular gas; a revised estimate of P_DE_ on cloud scales, which accounts for molecular gas self-gravity, external gravity, and ambient pressure, agrees well with the observed P_turb_ in galaxy disks. We also find that molecular gas with cloud-scale P_turb_~P_DE_>~10^5^k_B_Kcm^-3^ in our sample is more likely to be self-gravitating, whereas gas at lower pressure it appears more influenced by ambient pressure and/or external gravity. Furthermore, we show that the ratio between P_turb_ and the observed SFR surface density, {Sigma}_SFR_, is compatible with stellar feedback-driven momentum injection in most cases, while a subset of the regions may show evidence of turbulence driven by additional sources. The correlation between {Sigma}_SFR_ and kpc-scale P_DE_ in galaxy disks is consistent with the expectation from self-regulated star formation models. Finally, we confirm the empirical correlation between molecular-to-atomic gas ratio and kpc-scale P_DE_ reported in previous works.2020ApJ...892..148Shttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/892/148CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/ApJ/428/693 : Rosette Nebula & Maddalena Cloud structures (Williams+ 1994)J/ApJ/551/852 : FCRAO CO survey of the outer Galaxy (Heyer+, 2001)J/ApJ/686/948 : CO in extragalactic giant molecular clouds (Bolatto+, 2008)J/AJ/136/2563 : HI Nearby Galaxy Survey, THINGS (Walter+, 2008)J/AJ/136/2782 : Star formation efficiency in nearby galaxies (Leroy+, 2008)J/ApJ/699/1092 : Giant molecular clouds (SRBY) (Heyer+, 2009)J/PASP/122/1397 : Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Gal. (Sheth+, 2010)J/ApJ/772/107 : Giant molecular clouds in nearby gal. (Donovan Meyer+, 2013)J/AJ/146/150 : Velocity dispersions of nearby galaxies (Caldu-Primo+, 2013)J/ApJ/784/3 : The PAWS catalogs of GMCs and islands in M51 (Colombo+, 2014)J/ApJ/803/16 : Giant MoCs in NGC4526 based on ^12^CO (Utomo+, 2015)J/ApJS/219/4 : S4G pipeline 4: multi-component decompositions (Salo+, 2015)J/A+A/582/A86 : Catalogue of features in the S4G (Herrera-Endoqui+, 2015)J/ApJ/834/57 : MW molecular clouds from ^12^CO (Miville-Deschenes+, 2017)J/ApJS/233/22 : xCOLD GASS catalog (Saintonge+, 2017)J/ApJ/858/90 : Radial profiles of 5 nearby galaxies (Gallagher+, 2018)J/ApJ/860/172 : Cloud-scale molecular gas properties in galaxies (Sun+, 2018)J/AJ/156/18 : APOGEE:Bin. companions of evolved stars (Price-Whelan+, 2018)http://www.phangs.org/ : PHANGS survey home pagehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/892/148https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/892/148http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/892/148https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/892/148https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/892/148http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/892/148GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/892/148/table1 (Galaxy sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/892/148/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/892/148/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/892/148/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true24.1740515.78346110.0055555555555555566/4511 17747 18398 24912 25135 25762 25788 26119 26271 26338 27030 27514 27728 27738 27861 27905 27917 27942 27949 28015 28035 28046 28167 34272 36261 44011 44027https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/892/148?format=asciiRadiodefaultJ/ApJ/892/148/table1Galaxy samplerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGalaxyGalaxy namemeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryNmNumber of key measurements for this galaxy (link to Table C1)meta.numberintnullableDist[4.3/26.1] Distance (1)Mpcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloatInc[8.7/75] Inclination angle (2)degsrc.orbital.inclination;pos.posAngfloatlogMstar[9.3/10.9] Global stellar mass (3)log(solMass)phys.massfloatReff[14.9/89.1] Effective radius (4)arcsecphys.angSizefloatRstar[15.3/73.5] Stellar disk scale length (5)arcsecsrc.morph.scLengthfloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharNEDNED column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharLEDAmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/892/148/tablec1Table of key measurementsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGalaxyHost galaxy namemeta.id;meta.maincharinDisk[0/1] Row corresponds to a "disk" aperture (1) or not (0)meta.codeintfCO120pc[0.001/3.8] CO flux recovery fraction, 120pc scalespect.line.intensity;arith.ratiofloatPturb120pc[536.7/3.7e+08] Mass-weighted mean turbulent pressure, 120pc scaleK.cm**-3phys.pressuredoublePDE120pc[2325/1.7e+08] Dynamical equilibrium pressure, 120pc scaleK.cm**-3phys.pressuredoublefCO60pc[-3.4/1]? CO flux recovery fraction, 60pc scalespect.line.intensity;arith.ratiofloatnullablePturb60pc[3700/1.3e+08]? Mass-weighted mean turbulent pressure, 60pc scaleK.cm**-3phys.pressuredoublenullablePDE60pc[9251/9.3e+07]? Dynamical equilibrium pressure, 60pc scaleK.cm**-3phys.pressuredoublenullablePDEkpc[1334/6e+06] Dynamical equilibrium pressure, kpc scaleK.cm**-3phys.pressuredoublePDEkpc11[1453/4e+06] Dynamical equilibrium pressure, kpc scale, assuming a fixed sigma_{gas,z}_=11km/sK.cm**-3phys.pressuredoubleSigSFRkpc[0.0005/0.5]? Star formation rate surface density, kpc scalesolMass.yr**-1.kpc**-2phys.SFRdoublenullableRmolkpc[0/144.7]? Molecular-to-atomic gas ratio, kpc scalestat.fit.omcdoublenullable